the history of german i'm terry martin for me and all of us here at the w news. thanks for watching the . i want to tell you something. it's a very nice my house. i to raising awareness of h i, b, and on. and we're still in test shane silence, and we need to break out of it. i want to tell you something how to tennessee chris starts november 29th on dw, the berlin wall. it divided the city for almost 30 years,

a symbol of the cold war. it's separated families and destroyed lives. anyone who tried to reach you at risk death the secretly plan construction of the wall and it's sudden fall all preceded by. something like a countdown size does not include in numerous personal accounts, diary entries and letters showed the true extent of the division of germany after the war. a big commemorative year has reached its skirt and wants to meet 50 years since the beginning of the war. 40 years of the federal republic and the ged are the $200.00 the anniversary of the french revolution. i am against revolutions, so much is destroyed in those years of, of people. my own we have my diary to rent and raving about. this is legitimate states and it's even service i want to travel the world

is so big really guess on this. this one's what right does the government have to imprison entire people? the, the berlin wall was soon a thing of the past. just a few days after its fall in november 1989. the 155 kilometers of once ominous reinforced concrete, became a cory for souvenir hunters, was coughing and coughing. the memo of a vague vice,

each nation. yeah. was it really involved was the symbolic expression of the cold war to the rest of the world. and it stood for the confrontation between the major powers all ends to a certain extent, while it represented the divided europe and ends all found. and in this respect, of course, the fall of the wall was also symbolic. and provided images that people could identify with the money where everyone shouted, hurrah! window levels operate on the morning of november 9th, 1989. hardly any one could have imagined that the berlin wall would soon be history the exactly one year before the fall of the wall. the cold war was still firmly anchored in the minds of people on both sides. the berlin wall was part of every day life west berliners were used to leaving the city via transit routes through the ged are often given the, the,

the west had implicitly accepted the g, d r. and with it, the berlin wall, the topic of a re, unified germany was not really on the agenda for politicians on either side. when people find you don't find it was often talk of even if occasion and some nice features. so can you mind, nobody seriously believes in health conditions and it wasn't anywhere and cited as i say people thought the g d or was very stable. he that's go comically speaking. it was relatively for the use of a, there was no sign of anything changing this function. so he's in the late 19 eighties. the berlin wall was literally insurmountable. the large gray bulwark consisted of several barriers and alarm systems. despite this escape attempts were made time and again, usually with fatal results, the west would react with angry headlines and stoppages of financial loans to the east. in the ged our plans were in the works for high tech update sensor technology

at electronics to replace nervous border guards. they were obviously aiming to take out the human factor. nobody would need to observe no view. you would have to select trouble and with the would react as if the house are being invaded by burglars. but of course it's about people try to escape the house not to break into it. even at the end of the 1980s, east. germany's a c. d. regime wanted to maintain the facade at the ged our success. the small country tried to convince the west that it was one of the world's leading industrial nations. this is done. the problem was that they themselves believed that they understood the people that they, themselves were among the people that they were loved and respected by the people. that was the problem. conflict gosh, it's 9. those items put in. they genuinely believed that they had built the best of goals systems,

which even if it wasn't perfect was the only system that could possibly attain perfection. and i think that was very much how they felt, but the system was unresponsive and i'm stuck. ready photographer deep, my reading on documented the feeling of a nursing and his country for him life and the g. d. r. health no prospects. in january, 1986, he and his family applied for permanent re settlement in the federal republic of germany. the under can i start a new diary, stuff to some cold this morning. i talked to 2.2 tons, which we are entitled to annually from the street into the garden, and then shuffles into the seller. and the one hand, the coveted heating material that's very welcome to on videos or i'm expecting your exit permit any day. now. troy understood us to do this. unplug christa top dish

wide open field, and my boss is the 1st person to make this request for. and that was one of many, many, many, and it was also clear to me that i was now and i may have to ged or does, and that's such a thought process and motion for me on cassette the basically, we are living in total. i can a be a leave. nothing that's moving here with me here. i think it's a stop. it's since 1975. it had been legal to leave the g. d. r for the west. that was the year erica shawnee co agreed to the final act of the helsinki accords on security and cooperation. granting his citizens the right to freedom of movement. the tired eyes isn't one of them. the door to them a god. you should have a piece of the type items which are this most on and please me, a favor stand to go on the c drive in our them for the date that's stations is has

an inside on one can see in the 1980s that the number of applications to leave, the country massively increased and of course more applications to leave were approved need for the cd regime. this was a way of releasing pressure to a certain extent, if me and you for somebody to look up to last. the border crossing at berlin's state extra station became one of the most famous. it was known as the palace of tier because it was here, the ged or citizens leaving the country had to bid farewell to loved ones. applicants to leave, often waited years for decision and were subjected to mass of harassment. in the meantime, the indians to go. yeah, in the 1980s it became increasingly clear where the difficulties of the ged are legs, how the combination of restriction and surveillance combined with economic difficulties which are created a kind of tipping point. where more and more people said no, we're not going along with it. that's nice yamaha investigation but the real threat

to the ged ours power structure did not come from within. it came from aust out in 1985 missio. gorbachev was elected general secretary of the communist party at the soviet union. he was determined to reform the communist system, the guarantor for c, and in, in the soviet union ended with the election of gorbachev who was from a much younger generation and being changed to a system that knew it had to change his guiding principles work last noticed which translates as open ended perestroika for restructuring. gorbachev wanted far reaching social reform. this meant admitting that the communist way as it stood, was outdated. as moscow was a little brother, the g d r felt betrayed and reacted with panic. when the, the old god goods in the city realized what was going on in russia, for instance,

with a band rushing publications from being available inside east germany because they were afraid of infection spreading this as political change to cold. so we had magazines published in german and the g d. r. or strictly censored. the journalist ingrid e bear from forest in brandenburg was an avid reader of the soviet magazine. sputnik published by the international russian news agency, university. sputnik brought a touch of glass most to the g d. r. until november 18th, 1988. the sputnik has been banned. learning from the soviet union means learning how to win, or maybe not after world came to visit. you wanted to know what i thought about spot think being banned. and what i thought about the political situation. i found that very strange and try to steer our conversation to other topics

a the brandenburg gate, a unique symbol of the division of germany and the city of berlin with gorbachev at the helm in moscow. western powers hopes that the time was right to address the question of the war. but when us president ronald reagan deliberately chose the brandenburg gate as the backdrop for a speech to moscow on june 12th 1987. not all politicians in the west were pleased . a general secretary garbage of this, you see peach if you seek prosperity for the show via union in eastern europe, if you seek liberalization. come here to this gate. mister gorbachev. open this gates visited here that you

cared down this way. his speech was under. it was frank, some people at the time. so it was night, which it probably in a sense was he came out like like the little boy who sees of the amber has no clothes. he came out and said one is all this. why, why do we still have this? that was part of what has brought to me is that the majority of west german society had long since turned his attention to powers, london, new york, or wherever away from the east, which was no longer on the political agenda for 3 months after reagan speech. at the brandon for a gate s e d leader, s h tony car, travel to west germany for a state visit official protocol provided for a motorcycle escort with only 7 instead of the usual 15 bikes. the honor guard

for hanukkah was also somewhat scale down from the standard as this came from don was so already started, there is honey greeted in bond like a head of state of a sovereign state. and according to which protocol that is, that was a lot of discussion about that. and it was only half a state visit to about sacrificially. it was a working visit because the federal republic had not officially recognized the g d r as a state. and so the basic laws gave them away the ones that solution f. h. hanukkah ignored the subtleties of protocol and use to visit the showcases state sovereignty . chancellor helmut kohl remained diplomatic and did not mention the wall. yeah, the machines in 20 of the tide. i'm going to live in often vega, secret, refreshed, indigo once and for i had 1989,

a young east berlin or put the claims of the c d regime to the test. 20 year old chris guest. roy took a risk and climbed over the wall. 10 bullets were fired at him. he became the walls last victim. d d, the ged are always wanted to be perceived as a sovereign, great state in the world community and such terrible incidents. so she didn't fit that image coldness of the generated bad press. and so at some point, the c d leadership said this has to stop. it's giving us such a bad press. we won't get any more loans to the, to me uh shortly after, on april 28th, 1989. the then minister for state security, their face milka revoked the order to shoot at the wall. i want to

say something, comrades, if you're going to shoot, you said you have to do with such a way that the person in question doesn't get away. that comment to stays with us. yes. that's the thing is what's the point of firing 70 shot? and then he runs over to the other side and they launch a huge campaign, and the other one times were more revolutionary. it wasn't so bad, but now there are new times inside. we have to take trucks into account. even then the wall seemed a terminal in the spring of 1989, the number of applications for x it permits continue to rise each month there was still no freedom of travel. the permits were seen more as an arbitrary, active mercy. in april 1989 ingrid ebert and her husband applied for a permit to visit the federal republic of germany. wilford's mother will be 70 years old and may she invited us to go to school. we submitted an application and had to go to the district police office. what followed was like an interrogation.

what do you do in your free time? do you collect coins? what are the children's day when you travel with you to fully answered every question, just kept our heads down. on 1220, you needed a specific recently, if you needed a specific invitations if it was for a limited period of time. but you had to apply to the authorities to be able to make this trip. and the application could be refused for any reason. the fate of the berlin wall was decided hundreds of kilometers away in the spring of 1989. on may 2nd hung gary and general announced that a press conference that the border fortifications between hungry and austria would be dismantled, with spectacular consequences. one to have each by means that i thought something is really changing here. if the ged or is no longer at the joints of prison, it always was a now they're being forced to let people out. so if you close, that's the brighter walter can palsky had spent 6 years in prison before he was

able to fleece of the west. in 1956, at the beginning of may 1989, he followed the events and hungry with astonishment. pictures from hungry web border fences are being dismantled. 6 photographers snapped the hungarian soldiers as they cut the barbed wire without any emotion. they are the same soldiers who normally guard the porter. they say the news of the hole in the iron curtain was censored in the g d r. instead in g d r, news broadcasts se the leadership basked in the glow of made a celebrations. deep mile ream on suspected it would be his last may day. in the g d r. he took his camera along to photograph everything

was good to have experienced once again and concentrated form, devotion, or submission of an embarrassingly broad mass of the ged, or population towards the rulers. this made it clear for me again and again. nothing will change socially in this country for a very long time to come to wash and vacuum was already gone during those 4 years of waiting for the exit permits and on the inside bill, i was no longer a citizen of this country. in the meantime angered ebert and her husband had obtained a travel permit to visit his mother and wolf spurred in west germany. they arrived there on the afternoon of may 7th, the very day the ged, or had scheduled an election. the we sit in front of the tv in the evening. we look forward to the election results and place bets, then the results, 98.85 percent of all valid votes in favor of proven togetherness,

strong socialism, and secure peace. who's putting who here the local elections in the ged, or were known as going to fold? a cynical allusion to the yes only voting system. but in may 1989 evidence of a cd. electoral fraud came to light for the 1st time. at least 7 percent of voters had courageously voted. no. distrust of those in power was everywhere. how much principality does advisedly didn't question the electoral system and principles from the it said, my god, what so bad of 10 or 15 percent? maybe 20 percent of the population is against it. that gives you would still have a huge approval rating energies and switched to the house. the protests here and there with very few people were involved in such actions as a number of friends, have great respect for those who openly expressed their displeasure. there was

nothing in our mailbox again, psychologically we're in a pretty desperate situation at the moment. would you say enough by visa? let's divide it be that it can still see it come right from the c d standing in front of a house during the last election. that's. that's why we would like to ask you to go to the polio that's going to be explained by what we've been waiting for over 3 years to leave the country, just the one that it still hasn't been approved. i said it was nice. of course, we're not going to your election. well, then he left it to you. got com. for more than 7000 kilometers away from berlin. tensions were escalating. at the beginning of june, they erupt it in the most brutal mass murder of dissidents under a communist regime. in a long time, chinese troops opened fire on students demonstrating on t m and square in beijing 4 days after the bloody correct down that claimed

thousands of lives. the ged are finally issued a statement supporting the chinese government, the ultimate then that folks commerce to invest the deputies of the people's chamber. to note that in the current situation, thoughts the political solution to internal problems of these persistently sought by the party and the state and leadership of the people's republic of china. and for it has been prevented bluetooth as a result of the violent and bloody riots of antique constitutional element in the vault and just the reactions. phillip euro in east germany to a gentleman square. mexico was indeed in retrospect, a strange one. i think there were people inside the regime, particularly in the military and secret police operations, they would have been capable of that kind of thing. but it could look like a stretch. at this point, the cd regime was still trying to show strength. but the opposition in east germany

was becoming increasingly courageous. to alleviate the pressure, the ged are issued more and more exit permits. and the number of new applications grew by leaps and bounds from week to week. the after years of deliberation, the who's now also want to leave the g to your just not to have to clear how they will do it. the choice is between applying to leave or clean. the exit viruses spreading like an epidemic among the people of the ged or it's beginning to border on hysteria and certainly not enough. the hungry, more and more east germans gathered at the border with austria more than $20000.00 and had already made it across the border. according to reports on gary and border officials sent back any east german citizen. they caught,

as they were obliged to do so at the successful attempts inspired many, the ged or regime reacted with stubborn silence the hundreds leave the country every day. the scary thing is the silence in on use broad costs on as well with weld on use paper pages of sort of success stories. how long can we continue to sweep fill, send of the rug? well, the eyes of those in power. where of that is the most of us, of mazda and restrict, plus thousands of miles should be there to clean away the markets, are less than about what happened. that summer was always in this so called democratic central listen, which the communist had devised on their drawing boards of power, now crumbled. at their feet on the golf vos should be our current of 20 go, was seriously ill. he was unable to access and his assistants were unable,

politically, unable or unwilling, and also not courageous enough to make decisions his home and chide on so clever. on august 19th, over $500.00 east german split on mass across the hon. gary and border forces and hungry had announced a symbolic cross border picnic together with the pan european union. the austrian hung gary and border was opened for 3 hours. a decision with far reaching consequences, these impressive images travelled around the world. the news from hungry encouraged people in the g. d. r. on september 4th 1989. the 1st of the monday demonstrations took place in leipzig at the time, live sick photographer martin nauman, was out in about in the city center with his camera. he wasn't on assignments, but he had a hunch. he was seeing history in the making the

mass prayers for peace and the saint nicholas church. after leaving the church, the participants carried banners demanding freedom of travel, and calling for changing society. state security tore down the banners a few days later in hungry the cage door. finally opened the hun, gary and government decided to allow g d. r. citizens to leave for the west without consulting moscow or east berlin. first, my stomach pains or signal, i can't go on like this. i want to get out. i want to close my eyes and ears. a screen shot to toll out, or even leave stones again. is it better to sleep? escaped the only way the people suddenly realized that, okay, the wall might be from edible, stale,

and people must still being shot, trying to get over it. so you them why, why, why i'm trying go over the wall. why even bother to have faith papers? why bother to put in an official uh, application to leave the country when you can just kinda hungry and move across the border into austria from the go wherever you want. and the well, the deep mile re months departure to the west was finally approved in september. after the long wait, he sold his house and with his family left everything behind. today we weren't able to make the last official under unofficial trips, said good bye to my mother in the afternoon. tomorrow we crossed the in their german border across the berlin wall, saying good bye to run store to our house is very, very difficult for me. we've done shouldn't be kind. so the border guard stood there. uh there was the seat. that's the word. goober said left us for re settler.

i've never heard the term before because of this they believed it would all go on forever. and of course, that's what seemed really i think the police are in addition to the hon, gary and border, it was now possible to officially apply for asylum at west german embassies in warsaw, budapest, or pro. soon these embassies were completely full at the embassy in prague. thousands began camping out in the garden and hallways. unlike the hungarian government, the czech republic was reluctant to make decisions that went against the g. d. r. west german foreign minister hans dietrich ensure negotiated the solution. the 6, 14 am eyes and mouth sticky from crying. during the night the germans in prague were

allowed to leave its estimated. there were 7000 of them. it was moving. tears came automatically of everything is in a state of flux. what was on think about just a few months ago is now happening. so i clouds literally it was clear that it wouldn't go on like this boy to the ged or didn't wanted to go on like this either . because the latest figures on tv every evening were bought for the ged or, and always caused internal unrest. and you won't have to let them leave the phone. but then came up with a completely crazy idea of rooting the trains back via dressed. and so via the ged or such was of course absurd. who's opposite? what on the night of october 1st, several trains that had been locked shot travel to hole in west germany just over the check border. but the ged are ordered such trains to be rerouted through east germany, so that the regime could officially grant exit permits. travelers,

identity cards were confiscated on groups. some people tried to jump on the trains as they passed by. 4 days later, another train traveling from the prague embassy passed through the g d r. and the situation escalated. police cordoned off, dressed in central station to prevent people from forwarding. the train waiting there, but the crowd stormed the station. things were changing quickly. that very night. s e d district. the leader hans mode row asked for lynn for help. sushi always do move in full in bed. do you? this was happening at the moment when the army general in berlin was having a dress rehearsal for the parade on october 1750. and you know, the good news to steve to the scene. so they couldn't understand that. we were worried, i argued with auto on to and said, auto let's the trains go, divides us and through fed. and you said the top of decided we're both responsible

for avoiding a catastrophe here. neither of us can decide anything anymore and try it. and then the advisors, they can see how soon people were throwing stones and dressed, and the police used water cannons, but were unable to end the riots by force. meanwhile, in berlin, they were preparing for the gd, or is big birthday party, for the use of the ged, tens of thousands of left the country in the last weeks and months, tens of thousands take to the streets. monday off to monday that hanukkah held a youth much as a powerful declaration last night's towards kit procession in berlin was just self delusion. corporate charles had now arrived in east berlin for the celebrations. in the summer, the soviet reformer had over ruled the impression of doctrine of 1969, which permitted the use of the military. if socialism was threatened, all warsaw pact countries were now free to go their own way. main.

yeah, the way up are supposed to thought a couple of city high you need to get with it by the end of september i see the leader home, a car was back at the home demonstrative lead displaying his power. but he felt betrayed by gorbachev. the once he's been on a delegation like that, suffice we know for sure that they had nothing more to say to each other, but not to judy or with on a current issue and go about and not with gorbachev. with either has a mode. you could see from that and see what the mood was like over there when he lago. by the time the van came, the 40th anniversary of the g, d r i the jubilee celebration. and then on october, 7th of all days,

when i 1st they were riots and protested demonstrations in east berlin, which in front of the public and the world press a decent boot. these images immediately went around the world of tests. in fact, there were riots not only in east berlin from, but also in 50 other cities as there were demonstrations against se, the rule on october 7th at the saint nicholas church, very young, right? police officers stand face to face with the demonstrators trying to talk to them. why are you here? the police officers are embarrassed and you can see that they are scared and well, i could no longer reconcile that with my conscience to know. and i was deployed as a to your go, skinner officers. then i went and said that i wasn't reliable for the job as to the cause i couldn't reconcile it. marley with my conscience. 5 on the phone. it's

a be specifically said to us now on monday morning on the 9th. the demonstrators don't stand a chance today. we have enough power. today, we have enough equipment today. we end the whole thing. on october 9th, after mondays, prayers for peace. 70000 people took to the streets in leipzig. if his new had sounded the combat alert the army was on standby. the visa is a situation in leipzig, was highly explosive, because the state wanted to put an end to all these demonstrations. mark le berg is yeah, they had pulled together the riots. police actually has come by the squad, send the national people's army, and now the combat squads weren't even showing up anymore. but she's kind of when they tried to give it to munition, to the right. so easy to what they said, we want to take it, but actually won't shoot as her own people in the nation. and if she's think of the

item and lloyd october 9th was the turning point. there were seemed not intervene. the masses chanted, we are the people. some members of the police even joined the march. they say yesterday 70000 people demonstrated a live 6 erie the silence a minute, the crowds, some noises from time to time, the chance and then intermittent silence like after air rage the crashing of beams, just and shouts despite the long. so i little mentioned deep and it was somehow clear to everyone who was paying attention to that. now the chinese card would not be played for us. i'm not something else would happen built in the days that followed people throughout east germany felt their fear dissolved,

thousands took to the streets and loudly demanded freedom. the right to self governance. and the removal of the leadership change was in the air. on october 18th, the, the leadership in berlin reacted removing equity. sony car from office to successor, eagle on the fence, announced his intention to reform the g. d r but people were no longer buying it. on november, 4th 1989. berlin was the scene of the largest demonstration in the history of the g . d. r. the state security service was nervous. a hastily drafted travel law had drawn fury. people no longer wanted to be patronized. i've never seen images like the ones you saw in the news from the duty on today. half a 1000000 people were on the featured bed and i wanted to be that to be part of it . it's no longer about respond. revolution is the order of the day.

the height of each box, the people were now demanding the dismissal of the gone prince. the cd strategy had failed. on november, 4th, gunter ship boesky, secretary of the central committee of the cd was booed in berlin river. the, the young man that's too much trouble of ski. we then had the meeting which about ski and he said, by the way, we want to give people freedom of trouble. and i asked, do you know what that means for your country? oh, well he said to 150000 people might leave the country as it was. i thought with his assessment on to that as of all food on done having time. we talked about the

practical preparations they had made for the central the coffin that was 0. that's one way. the morning of november 9th, 1989. begin like any other day in berlin. with small provocations at the wall on the western side, torres climbed the observation towers to get a glimpse of the east. in the ged our preparations were under way for an international press conference. hunters about ski tried to answer journalist questions about the new travel lost his big mistake. he had not yet read the revised draft to them. as soon as alicia this time on part of the show, the strength of minor kansas for special for one particular 40. it's why that's enough. oh, good. come when that follow up question comes and it's yes, right away immediately which it set something in motion that he can crash as was in kansas and these big guy otherwise he couldn't have gone home that night. how is it

for to good ones involved? let's only there. does he discover that is the actions have opened the border and as well as shortly after the evening news people began to storm the border crossings at foreign homer street. several 1000 people demanded to cross into west berlin, but the lease told them they needed a visa or get most of the pen gun and it gets out to us by them. i know it's a ton of odds, are going according to lieutenant colonel diego. see the head of the border checkpoint and pencil. there were at least 10000 people. there was one hand he was worried about the fence. and so because the crowd like that with destroying everything, and on the other hand, until he was annoyed because they had called the ministry for state security and

couldn't get a proper answer because they were celebrating or busy with something else. and then finally, the pressure became so great that he thought he'd opened up. okay, and then he said, look for nothing out. the flood who gets at around $1120.00 the wall was opened on board. homer street all controls were suspended, and people simply walked over to west berlin. the 1 10 am stationed interrupts for special events like orson welles, amazing, unbelievable. this is the re unification. police get flowers thrust in their hands for a group picture that's relaxed. all right? no passport, no idea just walked through the

turbulent day. they were dramatic scenes that police stations. there's a huge q of people at the state bank to exchange their 15 us to march for 15 gauge marks for the trip west. i use the whole roll of film to be as came home from school around mid day. he ran in that was one very excited, 9 year old. and then he probably laid his notebook on the table and said, from the west, the walls is broken. i totally insane. you might have to off long stomach evictions as obviously nobody expected the wall to be gone in the morning today. many people claim they knew, but that's how it is with history decision, hine side 0. always many prophets for you and i woke up in the morning, went down to buy a newspaper. and that was, this thing is the people streaming choose, the brother mall deep mar, raymond had only been in the area where he now lived with his family. for 2 weeks,

he photographed the west and felt uprooted again, watching in disbelief. he was stunned by the events in his former homeland and berlin. people are still dancing on the wall as if drunk with happiness for brandenburg gates is also to be reopened. on november 10th, so called for woodpeckers for already selling broken pieces of country. from what is probably the world's most famous german structure at the tourist. the souvenirs too we are sitting on the sidelines feel awful. in the spring of 1990, the most colorful parts of the berlin wall were sold at an auction in monte carlo for an average of $12000.00 each. the. it is astonishing how something which is actually a serious and deadly work of engineering and consuming an enormous amount of

material. human effort, unclosing and numerous suffering and over 20 is, can suddenly devolve into kitch, a kind of commercial product. it is a lesson in how quickly people can forget something that was was so dominant, so terrifying the world had literally changed overnight when the brandenburg gate was opened in december 1989, it was largely symbolic. just one year later, germany was a united, the,

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everything. audio stuff. find out about some on storage, info, migrant, reliable news to migrate. the the, the, this is the w news coming to rely from berlin. air, raid sirens sound across ukraine following over night rush in the air strikes. several are reported. killed in russian strikes on southern ukraine. it comes a day after moscow and keep on board at each other with the largest wave of drones since the war began. we'll get the latest from our correspond. german transfer off sholtes yields to the opposition. he says he is willing to hold a vote of confidence before christmas weeks earlier than he wanted. the future of his government is in doubt after the collapse of his coalition last week. and with donald trump.