to dissolve this used to house 5 steps as an alteration and with that you are up to date for more news and analysis. remember to check our website b, w dot com, but also on social media at the state of the news. this the handle that my name is the polls. beck said loud, thank you so much for joining in. welcome to don't hold bad. a lot of people do that. it's all about saying it aloud. next, would it be nosy bay? like good. everyone to king. check out the award winning called called the called back. the chemicals have a reputation for being malcontents numbers to being grumpy.

that alpaca is the best known for that high quality will coats all the most surprising that the expensive camilla di family. a spoke to a medical revolution. like so many medical revolutions, had begun with a co, incidental discovery at the free university in brussels. the,

the more precisely in the department of applied biological sciences says small demands was part of the research team in 1989. how did by professor remo thomas, the modem and today, often recounts the historic discovery to students. i wouldn't give you the story of the practical sense we need those the 55 years ago with the students. you all know yvonne for the eating frick this did we did, bacteria are immune system. we generate anti bodies against those bacteria. and so the anti bodies damien bind to get back to you area and they're going to destroy the bacteria, the anti bodies at key elements of the immune system

that created specifically to detect and eliminate 4 and substances, or antigens that gets into our bodies the, on the day of the discovery professor homeless students would to isolate and identify anti bodies in blood. but the costs didn't get tough to a very good stops. now we have our students that refused to donate, blocked, and they were also afraid from the brought to believe that colleagues, because if mike, based on the time in age of tweet about dieties or h, i v and they feel stuck in a boss for a stupid practical, so therefore, our says, well, you know, we have student in our freeze is some brought to from a drum of the blood from the one homes campbell was used instead the, the students got to walk, but they were in for a surprise alongside the plastic antibodies the experiment revealed other anti

bodies with a much lights and molecular weight the they have only weighed teeth both 90000. and that was surprising because normally that wasn't ever seen before in human in rabbit, in most inc broke with the new name. you always have agencies with the most of the weight of 160000 professor homeless students had stumbled upon a previously unknown anti body and a living creature. the antibody had just to poly peptide chains as opposed to the 4 in classic county bodies, giving its unusually low molecular weight. the finding then has to be confirmed and repeat experiments. professor homeless used fresh blood samples from the brussels to, to replicate the test. but not just with blood, from campbell's,

from lummus, and i'll pack is to the result show that all the animals possessed. no, certainly the usual anti bodies. but also the newly discovered many anti bodies scientist splendid with ease just the remains of a primitive immune system, where they functioning antibodies. to find out the research is needed not just mole blogs, but as a whole camel, they needed to vaccinate it. in other words, injected with an antique in a piece of an in activated virus, for example. then they have to wait and see if the animals immune system would produce a response. using these unusual many antibodies, the scientists had to improvise the zoo animals could to be tapped

a 2nd time wednesday. that's not any money anymore. and therefore, we have to ask our technician that wasn't broken to take a few outages in his luggage and to reset this own thing at the atlas mountain to immunize the drama there, for his own glee was a farm. but his uncle, it was immunized using drumming down summit holiday movies a few times. so we close at one year and a half before we had to instruct how did the dromedary use immune system react? did it produce many anti bodies specifically targeting the intruder? scientists wherever, eventually able to test the animal's blood the message shown here used the color reaction to make the antibodies recognition of the anti gen visible

the c or not. but there was no reaction that would have meant that chemical couldn't produce an immune response to the end of june in to the vaccine data going through the office and going through the next hour. or will there be no point in continuing aria to the pointing of e the sample began to turn yellow about half an hour into the experiment. down, so was clear. the mini antibodies worked antibodies attach themselves to an outage into trigger and immune response and eliminate the intruder. but sash mood of minds made a crucial discovery when he looked at the very tip of the camel anti bodies, a variable pot can adapt to any kind of virus bacteria or other anti gen and attach itself to it the modem and

showed that the antibodies chip could be separated from the rest without harming it's the minutes school antibody fragments proves no, certainly to be true resistance, but it's binding capabilities remained fully intact. the tip is what's known as a nano body structure that no, you don't get access to trigger and immune response, but to size resistance and binding properties make it an extremely promising tool for medical science. a demo set up and never forget something like that. it's like with both of you 1st child, but the opinion unforgettable. the didn't his baby was soon ready to leave the university lab and, and to field research. but 1st search mon demands and colleagues remo from us and say see a custom on peyton to the discovery in 1993,

giving them the so right to commercial development for 20 years then they published the discovery in the science general nature. the day be for the smoke hamlet, antibody with a detachable head for such as and deliberate trees around the world of responded among them i lived in must say from structural biologist allow, who said, began studying the new antibody. as soon as he found out about it the same way they have to do that for us. so to at this here in our see that the 1st not over the structure was modeled in parallel with our colleagues in brussels, south carolina. we could see the sheets that gives the most to its properties. i do need either precisely anything to them. or there were 3 large loops, a bit like 3 fingers. so i thought that i could gras vianza junky. so any direct

keys over in your condo don't, isn't she knows even more now, thanks to progress in scientific modeling. but it's being confirmed. it's an atomic level that the know tips, binding power is precise and effective as the civic plastic antibody. so nobody can book with that to 14, the existing auto body, like many protein, is composed of various areas that are more or less flat, a hollow and bumpy. and these hollows and bumps, there are the bumps and hollows of the empty gen c. on the 2 molecules fit into one another and thanks to the perfectly complimentary shapes, their surfaces making, their content, what that data so fast about the fact that they still hold on it to me fitness. i think i've shown that that you and if we take a closer look at this interaction on that, if you look at this atomic structure, we can see that the atoms really do touch each other as these relatively strong bonds between an oxygen that so

a nitrogen out of the binding the entire antibodies onto the engine because of the surface complementarity is in nanometers. we're talking 10 to the power of minus 10 meters. don't quit, and that's the magic of natural biology saved him on to that. i'm not sure either that have given which either in the to the tip is atomic high tech about a miniscule vehicle ready for use at any time of the stuff scientists dream of the discovery that required a large dose of throughout the history of science is full of accidental breakthroughs over such that produced unexpected results from aspirin to dynamite, x rays, and the structure of dna. all these co, incidental discoveries came from

a mix of good luck and ingenuity, retiring phenomena known as serendipity. the and the origin of this term is to this anti body. quite surprising. it refers to a 16th century passion fairytale, that recounts a journey made by the sweet princess of 7 days. and how they were able to precisely describe the characteristics of a camel that had traveled the rates before them. the combination of towns, substations and insights resulted in serendipity. and now once again, the camel is the stock, the cook, but the discovery of the cumberland nun a body has also raised many questions. could they actually be used on humans?

works or a piece of complications could be developed and marketed, says more demands prefer to lease the answers to others. your articles go to school . please get the to assume what they think was too much of a scientist, a. and i didn't want to get involved in projects needing to commercial product with with you. i wasn't interested them as you stop talking to me as a follow over. just you to stay along that would actually make movements has never looked back. though he did keep to l pack is from the adventure that really need you to now is to keep the growth and he's old should trend. say, this is paco and that's popular. backward, fabulous, and popular to cartoon characters as the 2 rows of exposure was escaping the bomb.

the gas these 2 ruined scrapings from the middle of it found the night. the one is optic them so it was in belgium. the nano bodies potential applications were 1st explode, and some a stomach machine capabilities came to lights. and then a few of n t conducts research at the university whether or not it bodies with us discovered . in 2014, to begin to focus on the disease that spread but still least still strikes it's caused by bacillus versus a complex and relatively under studied bacterium. the, the 1st time we hear about um, trucks is in the bible. it was the 5th flake of, as you just say, that it has been always there is,

this is really affecting or warm blooded animals including that. so it spread everywhere in the words. and there are to be some way to get things to infection like skeen respect, sorry, and in the gulf, and that'll be infection cause of systemic in the blog. and then it's really, really difficult to be treated as instructs infection via the respiratory system is particularly deadly, so deadly. in fact, the suits inspired biological weapons projects in the 2nd world war. it's nearly 2 weeks as a 1st and track tax in the united states. and circumstantial evidence is low, american is leading the authorities to investigate possible links between the anthrax and a solid. been loves, network 5 people in the us actually died from left to is laced with and strikes in 2001. so how can we protect ourselves? so this is let us to class security by law.

and what design instructors even look like, how far and then send them in. again, she was interested in one specific characteristic of the bacteria. theses, possibly there's some choices. it's our long save muscle lie, it's makes change made of the data. they are covered by anata more that is made of little pieces that are trophies. it works so i can make those kind of them. and if you remove the ottoman or the bacteria are getting a signal at austic and they are not spending more. and i came out with the idea that, well, what if i can destroy is our thoughts turned to the non i bodies

discovered by how university colleagues might they be able to use them in a school size to infiltrate the bacteria is alma like tiny miss styles that code for a nama, the protein that makes up the bacteria is um, uh, was injected into the beast. and after a few months, phenomena had created no bodies, specifically targeting this protein field of anti, then introduced, and then their bodies to the answering bacteria. the results were still machine, those of the known cheese themselves. you see they have these uh, as most shape. but when you treat them, we did not know bodies based factory to wrinkle, and then they, we collapse. they were able to stop the flow thing to make the armor and without the support of its exoskeleton, the bacterium fulls, the pumps. so it's really like the nano bodies are the key of the story going between the hours and these assembled just and then nobody was possible

because of the size, the that success come to, to test and no bodies in the lab. in other words, on living mice, the, my swear infected with on trucks and then getting the nano bodies twice a day for 6 days. well, i really so the, we're going to die on a sleeve, me and my colleague of sleep fluids doing experiments. and then the my subject to, to get better, get better, but getting better. and on sunday morning i get this cold from sleep like so. why is that? that was one of the control with good old dad. i remember really i started jumping, i was like, maybe my peach, i'm having remco and i sent in something likely to use because oh my god, we said something this, this, this isn't, this is huge. is that it's worse. so the best days of my life

this opens up really a lot of light over stairs and also the opening of new fossil judgment for under baptism that has such a higher. this is huge versus in the belgian city of gin, twin unable to use have enjoyed the most spectacular success. this is the headquarters of abilene. a scott top founded in 2001 to develop applications to college. nobody's assigned to fix success story. the discovery of a special type of small anti bodies and cabinets, sparked decades of innovation. and it led to the foundation of abilene in 2001 about time, the small antibody. what's the name? amount of buddy,

and the start of the company at 10 at police. 15 is blink 6 fluid potential applications for various types of diseases. investors gradually began seeing the advantages of using calculating non abilities. and in 2018 they hit the jackpot. the whole process, i know 6, have a false. it was a good investment. it out the well. who high state, i believe 3900000000 euros amount equivalent to the promise held in the timing on a bodies. the 1st actual use was a drug center fee began selling in 2019 caps a system of. ready a drug to bottles, an auto immune blood disorder, that's very rad, but faithful in 90 percent of cases, if left untreated, a t. t p. the

nationally suffers from the disease acquired from both takes from the side to peanut poor, poor the today, thanks to capt decision map. she's in the class. she's returning to the hospital for a checkup with professor couple an a t t piece specialist or the cause of treatment works in the summer. yes. very well overall. okay. on it on us, everything's really back to normal. now we just need to check every 3 months and probably for the rest of your life a lot faster. it is solely on the good, multi it from what a all possible the i just and all that stuff to get bruises of my buddies disappeared for no reason for the they stuff is on my legs and then gradually all

his oh you too bye. literally stuff is moving up, is see this $15050.00 single fee. i suppose i bashed into something and so not realize it because i'm very active. i'm a primary school teacher so so do juggling my children are very young. i'm always moving around to her. it's happened over a couple of weeks. it's an eyesore to see if it smells like, hey, something's wrong and is because the bruises started to appeal my. oh yeah, i had a huge one on my hands and will see if i thought to myself is on the there's something wrong. tricity a christmas to them for having to talk to matter the key. it's a disease that's linked to the formation of small clots in the vessels of emotion organs, typically the brain and the heart, but also the digestive tract and the kidneys. and if we do nothing, the organs fail, then the patient dies on gun a mushroom on. as soon as spa hot talk to them about the nano body seek out the blood proteins involved in the disorder. detached themselves,

they replace the platelets that cause the blood clubs and prevent them from company to cumberland. nano bodies make it possible to attacks that diseases and know what kings associated with this is you might, since we added calculus is a map to plasma exchange and other immune suppressive treatments. patient responses, not chosen pastor, it's also long. last angle. that's what's new to the sacraments, no, on the other 2 legs are soft. thanks to this. we can now stop plasma exchange much sooner than before. currently, we estimate that with the addition of capital susan that we can cut treatment time in half lashawn with this function, some of the, the nano bodies. and now such an integral parts of medical research that, that origin in the calculated immune system is often overlooked.

the well gave camels, these unique superpowers, the native vienna, austria permanent book studies, the genetics of the very ancient camella di family choose a specialist on the origins of the cumberlands, which is undergoing surprising changes during that evolution. the camels to originated in the northern america and it was about maybe like 40 to 45000000 years ago at the very beginning do the very small, like the gold and um, over the millions of years developed into different camel types lie to a smaller thoughts around 50000000 years ago, they split into the tool on images, and i believe the new wealth camels into old,

solid candidates, and the new account relates. they migrated down to the southern america, we tell every present as now by the nama. i talked to the, we're not going to be going. yeah. and the old little campbell stay migrate it very via the bearing land, preach to asia and from the i didn't to africa of the illusion of the nano bodies. it's it also very, very old development must have been older even than 15000000 years ago because both kimberly niches have it. so the system does not know bodies must have developed before display of these totally ditches. they have developed over the millions of years, very successful mechanisms to fight against diseases. then

no need for lucian has left it small come the species. but white cabinets in particular, i would say is by chance. a lot of it will. lucian thing happened by chance trial and error. so something which has been successful survived and evolved. and if it was too much, if it cost to keep, then it would have been abandoned again by the species. but why other mammals would not have developed the same strategy? i don't know. cumberlands may still have the other secrets, but for now the sharing the benefits of their immune system with humans. these alpaca is for the king, the paris belong to the us, the cheapest. they play an active role in some major research. the

immuno logistic pa fi is the ship it to this small research heard the ticket was a uh go to interested in cumberland antibodies about 20 years ago because of professor how much work in brussels. yes, i would said, as all the people 1st thought it was funny that we were working with alpaca. so as soon as of now it's become so important that everybody understands remote. i'm facts and i seen them against various proteins, really against outside was in particular, how did you feel home to put to you about the ones that vaccinated would take a blood samples of continual work in the line of credit? you so please continue to use them. we need the animals alone for a couple of us who are this from key to phone? don't presume. ok with them. now if you 2 years of peace and quiet the, the next step, extracting from those few sentences of blood,

the anti bodies, the animal has produced in response to the protein characteristics outside this disease. fewer than a dozen house of several 1000000 antibodies, louie passed developed the rabies vaccine in these buildings in the 1880s. and the institute continues to welcome promising treatments, thanks to it, sell pack as many antibodies. the book fair, these on kiko a for call, we can make antibodies against cause a to see again see kind of an recently against monkey pox so we can make them it gets up and brain cells flatten the containment for service on the ship to include my research focuses on now, so i'm, this is, did, we're trying to extract the anti bodies specific to outside the school. the diagnostic, and eventually for treatment will call for the digging. let's take a look for that to help with the nano bodies that could

recognize some of the diseases degenerative characteristics. and in this case, no bodies specifically produced by elpac. cuz the, the 1st stage is to extract the dna from all the nano bodies in the blood. sample and then introduce it to the bacteria dual credit. oh yeah. i mean, yeah, direct can we have 1000000000 bacteria containing the dna encoding for about 100000000 nano antibodies. we call the feel it through selection method so that we gradually isolate the 10 best, none of what he says is that the key, the email, and then don't keep cool do lunches and do the the, the selection is ruthless. they 1st use a virus that can eliminate 99 percent of them suitable not able to use

the remaining 1000 candidates to attend as a, to a robots which one by one test their ability to identify the outside that protein. the entire process takes around 3 months just to if the original $100000000.00. none of the bodies remain standing the, the chose and unable to use it, then taken to the us, the to do several, the power sprain institute to help conduct research. and outside this p a p, i. left size antibodies are always eagerly awaited, especially by adult to been why the lead to who is exploring new methods of diagnosing the disease. the

outside mis directly affects the brains, neural communication network, the, the formation of protein deposits, known as i'm annoyed. cox looks the flow of information, but the disease also causes the new runs themselves to degenerate and die. the outside is initially effects memory before closing and reversible damage in the other areas of the brain. for treatment to be effective outside this must be diagnosed as early as possible. the goal is to detach the amyloid packs that build up in the patient, sprains from the stops the into the nano bodies. but that responsiveness must 1st be tested

to die. so footages, which accomplish what trivia is quite interesting to include the 2 anti bodies really work very well. this one recognizes the family plaques, and so i've done some tagging on a transgenic mouse that's full of amyloid flags. and you can see they're all tactic to this really resembles what we see in the brains of alzheimer's patients. idle to go into the anti body is very precise and we recognize there's only one thing. there's no background noise. so to take a look if it really is perfect and the other anti body recognizes the 2nd classic lesion of alzheimer's disease, ero, 5 blurry tangles. dr. glenn is useful. you can see that all the lesions have been carefully detected by most of the naval campus to go, which is the memory center for humans and animals. you can also see all the time you are on is recognized by the body work when you follow the legit call. the 1st experiment was conducted on brain tissue extracted from mice. it will now be

repeated on living animals. to delete the most there under the microscope or the aim is to see if the nano bodies can cross the blood brain barrier. speaking body, i'll keep you mean as its name suggests, this a body or the isolates the brain from the plot through fi on. so if it's a blood carries pathogen, talks that molecules that mustn't enter the brain that they're inside of this battery or is that important only use like anti bodies count across it to go. except maybe camella done to body is the small size is the key. trouble supposedly claim you can see for now it's very flag inside. you can just start to make some shapes appearing and real time you can see the active on the exit. the vessel is crossing the blood brain barrier and it will gradually spread and gather at the sight of the amyloid black sea. so can we do any where they pick anything to guess on monday? yeah, that's cool. and you can see the prox claim a little,

some overtime things done by the anti bodies school, but this time sits within views were enough to slice unimaginable just a few years ago. the technology opens up new opportunities for treating outside this disease is just the sea level to call these nano anti bodies or nano bodies, but clearly have a feature by combining them with elements that can be picked up on an arrow and we'll be able to carry out early, high resolution diagnoses on patients through affinity, but as soon as well as monitor of various therapies on the regression of these lesions, no longer this website isn't these a high hopes in the fight against a disease that afflicts hundreds of thousands each year in europe and an estimate to $10000000.00 worldwide. but none abilities can go even further and highlight all the processes that occurred deep inside the human body.

the literally schwartzbar wants to use the nano bodies, tiny size to infiltrate living cells and wanted to what goes on inside them. a joke that requires a slight upgrade to the 9 a bodies, the nano bodies are invisible. since we can see them, we must make them visible. we link the nano bodies with a small source and protein to make a chroma body, histidine, coma fluorescent, and then a body that makes it possible to navigate within cells and ups of some of the biological processes lives. since these are dynamic processes taking place inside sales and that's where the chromium body has the additional advantage of functioning in living cells. the cells processes can be

displayed, and the dynamic modifications with them can be visualized in real time and don't want, cuz it's in the side is what i can see inside the cell, the crime a body binds itself to a, its target. it traces the targets come tools and reveals that some of these men we have seen that we can see the chroma bodies, the signal of a chroma body, that has bound itself to the h i. v virus. we can observe and find detail how the h i. p virus attaches itself to a sales plasma membrane and it's been discharged to infect, to neighboring cells. i'm not able to send it to you from my bodies are already used today to study the effect of 2nd drugs on cells in particular for cancer treatments. you see for an hour or stephen. all right,

and you can also see a criminal body in the living cancer cell, the chroma body collides with the nuclear membrane. so we can observe the division of this cancer cell. it's an important process the most, for example, if we want to now develop a drugs that prevents cancer cells from dividing, we can test them in the cell line. we will know immediately at what moment and then what quantities of drug stops this cancer cell minute, and we can see it in real time on this kind of monster tongue lice. mitchell for this is, but this helps us choose medicines at a very early stage and save some money in the development of new active ingredients . amongst all none or bodies of the greatest hope in cancer treatment. as 18000000 new counts the cases, the diagnosed every year of nearly 10000000 people die from the disease. most current cancer treatment, slack precision,

the chemotherapy attacks no certainty, cancer cells, but healthy ones too. for such as they're looking for more targeted therapies. and not able to since become a new precision weapon in the fight against cancer the, the number of potential applications is growing. so i'm a designed to inhibit to cim as gross, while others destroyed the cancer cells. a strategy adopted by belgian stop per site rex. it relies on no body special ability to bind on to other molecules to form a bond with a radioactive isotopes. the treatment is still in the test phase,

but some potential uses already being assessed in clinical trials. here in a 1st stage then that everybody is being added to a trace. so the 2 is very site, the radioactive, it's mission to seek out disease cells and attach itself to them. here we say an x and i read them floats with a high uptake. and hair, as we can see, the rest places also very good uptake on the trace sooner than anybody's target is a protein called her to that's a characteristic of 2nd types of cancer. for us, it's very important to know if there is a higher her to expression into 2 more and then the best assist of the tumor and then the best place to live flows. because we know in that way, if this patient will respond to therapy. another advantage as it to now is the

treatment to be tailored to the nature of the cancer. however, there is such as long term goal is to equipped and unable to use, but the phone will power full radioactive payload. so the nano will be east present into 2 more but the few to couple the same nano will be with that. so if you to create your eyes a to so you will, you read the aids to, to more. and so the cancer cells, so specifically targeting to, to more cells while spreading to the healthy tissue. what you want the small size is very beneficial for this approach. once you administer it to a patient, if use a screw too much to, to hurry fast. on the other hand, of course you're working with the very potent radio as it took for therapy take use . and you don't want the friction that he's not bound on the to mark to stay along in the body. and because of the small size you to clear out very fast from the body, which is perfect for the safety. now the young style top

must complete the extensive series of required tests to guess its treatments approved to the clinical studies to prove that their drug is safe and a fetus from all the way from the camel. if you want all to the patients and the adults are need to take more than 10 years. i'm not able to use have potential to revolutionize therapies and diagnostic procedures now and in the future. the growing number of companies offering custom made nono bodies is proof in itself the, along with the physical and chemical benefits. the single domain antibodies are also especially lights and, and expensive to produce these practical and economic advantages make them

affordable for many research labs, stimulating innovation, the candidates may look very unassuming, but them must as a minute to rising antibodies, which has made them into the kings of biotech, something, no one could have predicted. the fact that should cheer campbell's unplug, as unlike the

of the indian professionals rate germany highly for i like uh, someone technologies. the best thing is, uh, the, the society is set up. i mean, the healthcare system that you've been just on the work life balance and like the germans, they also dislike the frigid of adults on the bureau guessing it's, it's the weather channel. 50 super slow made in germany, teen fussy minutes on the w critical discourse. moment right now and to the conflict highlighted and negative computer survivalist

testing is the next conflict for data with china. fortunately, how do you expect to take on caliber in 90 minutes on dw, the is increasing at reason many of watching online services. the only work that is holiday destination is a drowning plastic white at the cause of every year of exports over $1000000.00 tons of plastic. why is there another way officer rules? the environment is not responsible make up your

own mind, dw, made for mines. the . this is date of the news, and these are all top still brings us president elect donald trump has met with president joe biden. at the white house, both fledged, a smooth transition between the governments. the meeting is a traditional called of the peaceful handover of power of ritual. trump declined to participate in 4 years ago. german chancellor, all i've shown has a west parliament for the 1st time since the collapse of his 3 faulty coalition, filled lawmakers to boston measures before the offensive is not selection. shawls also said europe had the responsibility to go to crane, but that should not come at the cost.