rick contacting the only 2 years the to discuss the more in ukraine windshields demanding that pollution withdrawal russian forces. this is the w news. i'll be back at the top of the hour with more world news. so i hope to see you then the we are all set we are watching to see him to bring you the story behind the new will on about come by as information for free might say, due to me in the camels have a reputation for being malcontents um is to be ingram.

that alpaca is the best known for that high quality will codes all the most surprising that the expensive camilla di family a spoke to a medical revolution like so many medical revolutions, had begun with a co, incidental discovery at the free university in brussels. the,

the more precisely in the department of applied biological sciences says small demands was part of the research team in 1989. how did by professor remo thomas, the modem and today often recounts the historic discovery to students. i wouldn't give you the story of the practical sense we need to stay 25 years ago with the students. you all know, yvonne for the eating frick. this did we did. bacteria are immune system. we generate antibodies against those bacteria. and so the anti bodies damien bind to get back to you area and they're going to destroy the bacteria, the anti bodies at key elements of the immune system

that created specifically to detect and eliminate 4 and substances, or antigens that gets into our bodies the, on the day of the discovery professor homeless students would to isolate and identify anti bodies in blood. but the costs didn't get tough to a very good stops. now we have our students that refused to donate, blocked, and they were also afraid from the brought to believe that colleagues, because if mike bank on time united, read about diabetes or h i v and they feel stuck in a boss for a stupid practical. so therefore, we're say, well, you know, we have seen in our freeze, there's something blocked from the drum of the blood from the one homes campbell was used instead the, the students got to walk, but they were in for a surprise alongside the plastic antibodies. the experiment revealed other anti

bodies with a much lights and molecular weight the they have only weighed teeth both $90000.00. and that was surprising because normally, that wasn't ever seen before in human in rabbit, in most inc broke of the you name me, can you always have i g, g with the multiple weight of 100? 60000 professor homeless students had stumbled upon a previously unknown anti body and a living creature. the antibody had just to poly peptide chains as opposed to the 4 in class. the county bodies giving it's an unusually low molecular weight. the finding then has to be confirmed and repeat experiments. professor homeless used fresh blood samples from the brussels to, to replicate the test,

but not just with blood from campbell's, from lummus and i'll pack is to the result show that all the animals possessed. no, certainly the usual anti bodies, but also things really discovered many anti bodies scientist splendid with ease just the remains of a primitive immune system where they functioning antibodies to find out the research is needed not just mole blogs, but as a whole camel. they needed to vaccinate it. in other words, injected with an antique in a piece of an in activated virus, for example. then they have to wait and see if the animals immune system would produce a response. using these unusual many antibodies, the scientists had to improvise the zoo at animals, could just be tapped

a 2nd time wednesday, the top. any money any more. and therefore, we have to ask off the condition that was americans to take a few outages in his luggage and to resent this own thing at the atlas mountain to immunize the drama there, for his own glee was a farm. but his uncle, it was immunized using drumming down summit holiday movies a few times. so we close at one year and a half before we had to anyone for a lot. how did the dromedary use immune system react? did it produce many anti bodies specifically targeting the intruder? scientists wherever, eventually able to test the animal's blood. the message shown here used color reaction to make the antibodies recognition of the anti gen visible

the c or not. but there was no reaction that would have meant that chemical couldn't produce an immune response to the end of june to the vaccine they're going through long as you go through the next hour or a little. they'd be no point in continuing aria. the, the point, the movie, the sample began to turn yellow about how finale into the experiment down. so was clear. the many antibodies worked. the antibodies attach themselves to an outage into trigger and immune response and eliminate the intruder. but sash mood of minds made a crucial discovery when he looked at the very tip of the camel anti bodies, a variable pot can adapt to any kind of virus bacteria or other anti gen and attach itself to it, the more them and

showed that the antibodies chip could be separated from the rest without homing. it's the minute school antibody fragments proved no certainly to be true resistance, but it's binding capabilities remained fully intact. the tip is what's known as a nano body structure that no, you don't get access to trigger and immune response, but to size resistance and binding properties make it an extremely promising tool. so medical science a dental center. they never forget something like that. it's like with both of you 1st child, but opinion. if it gets off the day then his baby was soon ready to leave the university lab and, and to field research. but 1st ash modem, hands and colleagues. remo from us and say, see

a custom on peyton to the discovery in 1993, giving them the so right to commercial development for 20 years. then they published the discovery in the science general nature. the day be for the smoke hamlet. antibody with a detachable head for such as and deliberate trees around the world responded among them i laugh in must say from structural by ologist allow, who says begin studying the new antibody. as soon as he found out about it the same way they have to do that for us to, to at this here and marcy, that the 1st not over the structure was modeled in parallel with our colleagues in brussels, south carolina. we could see the sheets that gives the most to its properties. i do need either more precisely anything to them. or there were 3 large loops,

a bit like 3 fingers. so i thought that i could gras vianza junky. so any direct keys over in your condo don't, isn't she knows even more now, thanks to progress in scientific modeling. but it's been confirmed. it's an atomic level that the know tips, binding power is precise and effective as us of a classic antibody. so nobody can book with that to 14 english 9, no body like many protein 1st step is composed of various areas that are more or less flat, a hollow and bumpy, but these hollows and bumps. there are the bumps and hollows of the empty gen. see on the 2 molecules fit into one another and thanks to the perfectly complimentary shapes, their surfaces making, their content, what that data so fast about the fact that they still hold on it to me fitness. i think that i've shown that that deal. and if we take a closer look at this interaction on that, if you look at this atomic structure, we can see that the atoms really do touch each other as these relatively strong bonds between an oxygen that to hold a nitrogen out of the binding,

the entire antibodies onto the engine he killed off the surface. complementarity is in nanometers. we're talking 10 to the power of minus 10 meters. don't quit, and that's the magic of natural biology. seems like mon to that. i'm not sure either that have given us either in the to the tip is atomic high tech about a miniscule vehicle ready for use at any time the stuff scientists dream of of the discovery that required a large dose of free luck. the history of science is full of accidental breakthroughs over such that produced unexpected results from aspirin to dynamite, x rays, and the structure of dna. all these co, incidental discoveries came from

a mix of good luck and ingenuity, recurring phenomena known as serendipity. the and the origin of this term is for this anti body. quite surprising. it refers to a 16th century passion fairytale that recounts the journey made by the 3 princess of 7 dead and how they were able to precisely describe the characteristics of a camel that had travelled the rates before the combination of towns, subdivisions and insights resulted in serendipity. and now once again, the campbell is the stuff, the cooking, but the discovery of the cumberland nun

a body has also raised many questions. could they actually be used on humans? works or a piece of complications could be developed and marketed or says more demands prefer to lease the answers to others. your articles go to school, the school get the to assume that they seek too much of a scientist. they don't even want to get involved in projects needing a commercial product with, with the i wasn't interested them as you stop talking to me as a follow over. just you to stay along that with a company make movements has never looked back though he did keep to l pack is from the adventure that really need you to now is to keep the growth and he's old should trend say, this is paco and that's popular backward, fabulous, and popular to cartoon characters. the 2 rows 6 through is escaping the bomb. the

nice these to ruins, escaping from the middle of it found the night. the one is optic them so it was in belgium. the nano bodies potential applications were 1st explode on some a stomach machine capabilities came to lights. and then a few of n t conducts research at the university whether or not it bodies with us discovered in 2014, to begin to focus on the disease that's read, but still lee. so strikes it's caused by bacillus versus a complex and relatively under studied bacterium. the, the 1st time we hear about trucks is in the bible, it was the 5th flake of, as you just say, that it has been always, there is,

this is really affecting or warm blooded animal including that. so it spread everywhere in the words. and there are 3, it can be some way to get things to infection by screen receiver, sorry, and in the gulf, and that'll be infection cause of systemic in the blog. and then it's really, really difficult to be treated as instructs infection via the respiratory system is particularly deadly. so deadly. in fact, the seats inspired biological weapons projects in the 2nd world war. it's nearly 2 weeks since the 1st and track of tax in the united states. the circumstantial evidence is low. american is leading the authorities to investigate possible links between the anthrax and a solid. been loves. network 5 people in the us actually died from left to is laced with anthrax in 2001. so how can we protect ourselves? so this is let us to class security by law.

and what design instructors even look like. how this for me. and then send them in again, she was interested in one specific characteristic of the bacteria. this is positive or some charges. it's so long say muscle lie. it's makes change made of the center data. they are covered by anata more that is made of little pieces that are trophies, it works so i can make those kind of them. and if you remove the item or the bacteria are getting a signal at austic and there are no sticks any more. and i came up with the idea that, well, what if i can destroy is our thoughts turned to the nano bodies

discovered by how university colleagues might they be able to use them in a school size to infiltrate the bacteria. so alma, like tiny messiah's, that called for a nama, the protein that makes up the bacteria is um, uh, was injected into the beast. and after a few months, the nama had created nano bodies, specifically targeting this protein field of anti, then introduced, and then their bodies to the answer. i expect tyria the results were astonishing. those of the known cheese themselves, you see they have these uh, as most shape. but when you treat them we did not know bodies based packed read to wrinkle. and then they, we collapse. they were able to stop the floating to make the argument. and without the support of its exoskeleton, the bacterium fills the pots. so it's really like the nano bodies are the key of the story going between the hours and these assembled just and then nobody was

possible because of the size, the that success come to, to test and no bodies in the lab. in other words, on living mice, the, my swear, infected wood on trucks and then getting the nano bodies twice a day for 6 days. well, i really so the, we're going to die on a sleeve, me and my colleague of sleep fluids during the experiments. and then the my subject to, to get better, get better, but getting better. and on sunday morning i get this cold from sleep like so. why is that? that was one of the control with good old dad. i remember really i started jumping, i was like, maybe my peach, i'm having remco and i expected something likely to is because, oh my god and he said something is this, this isn't,

this is huge. is that it's worse. so the best days of my life this opens up really a lot of light on for a say ours and also the opening of new fossil judgments for under baptism that have such a higher. this is huge, but it's in the belgian city of kent when not able to use have enjoyed the most spectacular success. this is the headquarters of abilene, a style top founded in 2001 to develop applications for college, not a bodies assigned to fix success story. the discovery of a special type of small anti bodies and cabinets, sparked decades of innovation. and it led to the foundation of abilene in 2001 about time, the small antibody, what's the name amount of body and the start of the company at 10. and probably

15 is blink 6 flow to potential applications for various types of diseases. investors. gretchen, we began seeing the advantages of using campbell, atlanta bodies, and in 2018 they hit the jackpot. the whole process i know situated both it was the nurse moved it out, the well who hosted this 3900000000 euros amount equivalent to the promise held in the timing on a bodies. the 1st actual use was a drug center fee began selling in 2019 caps decision map. ready a drug to bottles an auto immune blood disorder that's very red, but faithful in 90 percent of cases if left untreated, a t t p. ready

nationally suffers from the disease. a quiet so i'm both takes from the side to peanut poor poor. today, thanks to capt decision map. she's in the class. she's returning to the hospital for a checkup with profess a couple an a t t piece specialist because of treatment work the summer. yes. very well overall. ok on it on us, everything's really back to normal. now. we just need to check every 3 months and probably for the rest of your life a lot faster. it is solely on the good, multi it from what a all past. suit the just and off at the stuff to get bruises of my buddies disappeared for no reason for the they stuff is on my legs and then gradually all

his oh you too bye. literally stuff is moving up, is see this one, which is up to some of it. i suppose i bashed into something and so not realize it because i'm very active. i'm a primary school teacher. so so do juggling my children and very young is on file. i'm always moving around to her. it's happened over a couple of weeks. it's an eyesore to see if it smells like, hey, something's wrong and it's because the bruise is starting to appeal my arms. i have and i had a huge one on my hand and we'll see if i thought to myself is on. this is something wrong. tricity a christmas to them for having to talk to matter the key. it's a disease that's linked to the formation of small clots in the vessels of emotion organs because of the typically the brain and the heart, but also the digestive tract and the kidneys. and if we do nothing, the organs fail, then the patient dies on gun a mushroom on. as soon as the opportunity my not the not no body seek out the blood proteins involved in the disorder detached themselves. they replace

the platelets that cause the blood clubs and prevent them from company. the cumberland, nobody's make it possible to attacks the diseases and know what kings associated with this is us. since we added capitalism, ma'am, to plasma exchange, and other immune suppressive treatments, patient responses not just in the past or it's also long last angle. that's what's new to the 2nd month. no, on the out of it this off, thanks to this, we can now stop plasma exchange much sooner than before. currently, we estimate that with the addition of capital susan that we can cut treatment time in half lashona this function, some of the, the nano bodies. and now such an integral parts of medical research that that origin in the calculated immune system is often overlooked

the but well gave camels these unique super palace, the native vienna, austria permanent book studies, the genetics of the very ancient camella di family choose a specialist on the origins of the cumberlands, which of undergone surprising changes during that evolution the camels to originated in the northern america. and it was about maybe like 40 to 45000000 years ago at the very beginning to the very small like the gold and um, over the millions of years developed into different camel types lie to a smaller thoughts around 50000000 years ago. they split into the tool on

images and i believe the new wealth camels into old, solid candidates and the new world kimberly they migrated around for the southern america. we teri present as now by the nama. i talked to do, we're not going to be gone now. and the old book, campbell stay migrate. it varies via the very lens preach to asia and from the out in to africa. the illusion of the nano bodies. it's it also very, very old development must have been older even than 15000000 years ago. the cos both kimberly niches have it. so the system does not have bodies must have developed before display of these totally ditches. they have developed over the millions of years, very successful mechanisms to fight against diseases. then

no need for lucian has left it small come the species. but white cabinets in particular, i would to face by chance. a lot of it will. lucian thing happened by chance trial and error. so something which has been successful survived and evolved. and if it was too much, if it cost to keep, then it would have been abandoned again by the species. but why are mammals would not have developed the same strategy? i don't know. a cumberlands may still have the other secrets, but for now the sharing the benefits of their immune system with humans. these now packets for the king near paris belong to the us to cheapest. they play an active role in some major were such the

immuno, the just the left side is the ship it to this small research heard the take all c. uh, adults interested in cumberland antibodies about 20 years ago because of professor how much work in brussels. yes, i would said all the people 1st thought it was funny that we were working with our package. so as of now it's become so important that everybody understands remote. i'm facts and i seen them against various products, usually against outside was in particular how to get your home to pull you up on one step, vaccinated with tech, a blood samples continue to work in the line of credit you so please continue to use them. we leave the animals alone for a couple of us, what it is from key to phone, don't presume. ok with them. now if you 2 years of peace and quiet the next step, extracting from those few sentences of blood, the anti bodies,

the animal has produced in response to the protein characteristics outside this disease. fewer than a dozen house of several 1000000 antibodies, louie passed developed the rabies vaccine in these buildings in the 1880s. and the institute continues to welcome promising treatments. thanks to it sell pack has many antibodies. the book fair, these on to call a 4 call we can make antibodies against cause a to see again seek and recently against monkey pox. ok. so we can make the make and stuff. and brain cells flatten the containment for service on the ship to include labor search focuses on now. so i'm just a big, we're trying to extract the antibodies specific to outside the school, the diagnostic, and eventually for treatment will call for the different let's take a look for that can help with the nano bodies that could

recognize some of the diseases degenerative characteristics. and in this case, no bodies specifically produced by elpac, cuz the, the 1st stage is to extract the dna from all the nano bodies in the blood sample and then introduce it to the bacteria. the dual credit. oh yeah. i mean, yeah, direct can we have 1000000000 bacteria containing the dna encoding for about 100000000 nano antibodies. we call the show the selection method. we gradually isolated the 10 best amount of bodies, if it to the email and then don't keep cool. do long keys and do the the, the selection is ruthless. they 1st use a virus that can eliminate 99 percent of them suitable not able to use

the remaining 1000 candidates to attend as a, to a robots. which one by one tests their ability to identify the outside that protein the entire process takes around 3 months. just to if the original 100000000, none of the bodies remain standing the, the chose and unable to use it then taken to the us, the to do several, the power sprain institute to help conduct research. and outside this p a p, i left size antibodies are always eagerly awaited, especially by adults have been why the lead to who is exploring new methods of diagnosing the disease. the

outside mis directly affects the brain's neuro communication network, the, the formation of protein deposits, known as i'm annoyed. cox looks the flow of information, but the disease also causes the new runs themselves to degenerate and die. the outside is initially affects memory. before closing and reversible damage in the other areas of the brain for treatment to be effective outside this must be diagnosed as early as possible. the goal is to detach the amyloid packs that build up in the patient, sprains from the stopped the into the nano bodies. but that responsiveness must 1st be tested

to die. so footages which accomplish one trips with you is quite interesting to include the 2 anti bodies really work very well. this one recognizes the amyloid plaques, and so i've done some tagging on a transgenic most that's full of amyloid flags. and you can see they're all tactic to this really resembles what we see in the brains of alzheimer's patients, you know, to go into the anti body is very precise and we recognize there's only one thing fee. there's no background noise. so to take a look if it really is perfect and you and the other anti body recognizes the 2nd, the classic lesion of alzheimer's disease. ero, 5 blurry tangles, loc newsheel. so you can see that all the lesions have been carefully detected. and most of the naval campuses, people go, which is the memory center for humans and animals. you can also see all the time you are on is recognized by the anti body work. when you follow the logic, all the 1st experiment was conducted on brain tissue extracted from mice. it will now be repeated on living animals to delete the most there under the

microscope on the aim is to see if the nano bodies can cross the blood brain barrier. speaking body, i'll keep them in assets. name suggestions is a body or the isolates the brain from the plot through fi on. so if it's a blood carries pathogen, talks that molecules that mustn't enter the brain that they're inside of this battery or is that important molecules like anti bodies count across it to go. except maybe camella done to body is the small size is the key. trouble sourcing claim you can see for now it's very flag inside. you can just start to make some shapes appearing and real time you can see the active on the exit. the vessel is crossing the blood brain barrier and it will gradually spread and gather at the sight of the amyloid flax. nice a community where they pick any to enjoy the job. that's cool. and you can see the

prox claim a little, some old attacking is done by the anti bodies. but this time 6 with individuals well enough to slice unimaginable just a few years ago. the technology opens up new opportunities for treating outside this disease. since just the sea level to call these nano anti bodies or nano bodies, but clearly have a feature by combining them with elements that can be picked up on an m r. i will be able to carry out early, high resolution diagnoses on patients through the city, but as soon as well as monitor of various therapies on the regression of these lesions, no longer this website is you these a high hopes in the fight against a disease that afflicts hundreds of thousands each year in europe and an estimate to $10000000.00 worldwide. but none abilities can go even further and highlight all the processes that occurred deep inside the human body.

the literally schwartzbar wants to use the nano bodies, tiny size to infiltrate living cells and wanted to what goes on inside them. a joke that requires a slight upgrade to the not a bodies. the nano bodies are invisible. since we can see them, we must make them visible. we link the nano bodies with a small source and protein to make a chroma body histidine coma. this in the rest, and it's not a body that makes it possible to navigate within cells and ups of some of the biological processes live. since these are dynamic processes taking place inside sales and that's where the chromium body has the additional advantage of functioning in living cells. the sales process is,

can be displayed. and the dynamic modifications within can be visualized in real time. and don't want to tell it which side is what i can see. inside the cell, the crime a body binds itself to a its target. it traces the targets come tools and reveals its movements. you'll see that we can see the chroma bodies, the signal of a chroma body that has bound itself to the h i. v virus. we can observe and find detail how the h i. p virus attaches itself to a sales plasma membrane and it's been discharged to infects neighboring cells. i'm not able to send it to you from the bodies are already used today to study the effect of 2nd drugs on cells in particular for cancer treatments. you see for an hour or stephen. all right, and you can also see

a criminal body and a living cancer cell, the chroma body collides with the nuclear membrane. so we can observe the division of this cancer cell. it's an important process the most, for example, if we want to know, develop a drugs that prevents cancer cells from dividing, we can test them in the cell line. we will know immediately at what moment and then what quantities of drug stops this cancer cell minute. and we can see it in real time on this kind of monster tongue lice, mitchell flu. so this is what this helps us choose medicines at a very early stage and saves money in the development of new active ingredients and expulsion none or bodies of the greatest hope in cancer treatment is 18000000. new counts the cases, the diagnosed every year of nearly 10000000 people die from the disease. most current counts the treatment, slack precision,

the team, the therapy attacks, no certainty, cancer cells, but healthy ones too, were such as they're looking for more targeted therapies. and none of the bodies have become a new precision weapon in the fight against cancer. the, the number of potential applications is growing. so i'm a designed to inhibit to cim as gross, while others destroyed the cancer cells. a strategy adopted by belgian stop per sign rex. it relies on no body special ability to bind on to other molecules to form a bond with a radioactive isotopes. the treatment is still in the test phase,

but some potential uses already being assessed in clinical trials. here in a 1st stage then that everybody is being added to a trace of the tooth, very slightly radioactive, its mission to seek out diseased cells and attach itself to them. here we say an x and i remember floats with a high uptake an hare. as we can see, the restoration or also very good uptake on the trace or the nano bodies target is a protein called her to that's a characteristic of certain types of cancer. for us it's very important to know if there is a higher her to expression in the tumor and then the bestest as the tumor and then the best i pick a new flows because we know and that's way if this patient will respond to therapy

or another advantage as a to now, so treatment to be tailored to the nature of the cancer. however, there was such as long term goal is to eclipse and unable to use, but the phone will power full radioactive payload. so the nano will be east present in the tumor, but the few to couple the same, not over the me to. so if you to create your eyes it to so you will, you read the aids to, to more and so it against ourselves. so specifically targeting to, to more cells while spreading the healthy tissue, what you want the small size, these very beneficial for this approach. once you administer to a patient, if use a screw too much to, to hurry fast. on the other hand, of course, you're working with the very potent radio is that the for therapy take use and you don't want the friction that he's not bound to let you mark to stay along in the body. and because of the small size you to clear out very fast from the body, which is perfect for the safety. now the young style top

must complete the extensive series of required tests to guess its treatments approved to the clinical studies to prove that their drug is safe. and if he gets from all the way from the camel, if you want all to the patients and the told to are, need to take more than 10 years. i'm not able to use have the potential to revolutionize therapies and diagnostic procedures now and in the future. the growing number of companies offering custom made nano bodies is proof in itself the along with the physical and chemical benefits, the single domain, anti bodies are also especially lights and inexpensive to produce these practical and economic advantages make them affordable for many research labs,

stimulating innovation the cabinets may look very unassuming, but them most as a minute to rising antibodies, which has made them into the kings of biotech. something no one could have predicted. the fact that should cheer campbell's unplug them is unlike the,

or the one of the biggest misconception when i started writing was how did you need this exceptional for you to a lady by the end is a collective appointment barges. how they are breaking the mold and how they're providing mentorship. i'm scottish just to young. go on d. w critical, discuss moment right now and to the conflict highlights, the negative component of survival is

is the next conflict created with china? fortunately, how do you expect to take on caliber in 90 minutes? on the dw the bluetooth, his dream was within reach. she'd become a star in turkey overnight. then a man took everything from her. with the help of his family and music she rebuilt. and then her sister also became a family scholar by hatred and mother and the daughters i en route to work for change. so i will sing my song. maybe my voice will be heard

seeking justice for the victims of genocide starts november 21st on d, w. the and this is dw years live and from berlin, the leaders of russia, in germany speak to each other directly for the 1st time. in nearly 2 years, german chancellor elect, sholtes and russian president vladimir putin reportedly discussed the war in ukraine. but why now, after all this time, also coming up was president elect donald trump choose is robert f. kennedy junior and environmental activists who had spread this information on vaccines to ahead the us is top health agency, the .