go, here's a reminder of our top story today. president turbine is authorize ukraine to use us quite a tech comes ms. solve to strike the pa inside russia. ukraine to present lensky says the missiles will speak. that's all for now. thanks so much for watching. the updates innovation, green the green revolution global. so listen to whole lot of crime. it's probably up to speed, secure. subscribed to this channel. every friday. subscribe to plan. it's a the

chemicals have a reputation for being malcontents um is to being grumpy. that alpaca is the best known for that high quality will coats all the more surprising that the expensive camilla di family has stopped emetic code revolution . like so many medical revolutions, had begun with a co incidental discovery at the free university in brussels. the,

the more precisely in the department of applied biological sciences says small demands was part of the research team in 1989 headed by professor remo thomas the modem. and today often recounts the historic discovery to students. i wouldn't give you the story of the practical since we need those the 25 years ago with the students. you all know, yvonne for the eating frick. this did we did. bacteria are immune system. we generate anti bodies against those bacteria. and so the anti bodies damien, bind to the bacteria, and they're going to destroy the bacteria, the anti bodies at key elements of the immune system

that created specifically to detect and eliminate 4 and substances or antecedents, but got into our bodies the on the day of the discovery professor homeless students would to isolate and identify anti bodies in blood, but the costs didn't get tough to a very good stops. well, we have our students that refused to donate, blocked. and they would also afraid from the brought to believe that colleagues, because if mike bank on time united, read about diabetes or h, i v and they refuse to can a boss for a stupid practical. so therefore, our said, well, you know, we have the, you know, phrases some brought to from a drama, very blood from the one homes camel was used instead the, the, the students got to work,

but they were in for a surprise alongside the classic antibodies. the experiment revealed other anti bodies with a much lights and molecular weight the they have the only way to use both 90000. and that was surprising because normally, that wasn't never seen before in human in rabbit, in most in crocodile, new name, we can, you always have agencies with the most of the weight of 160000 professor homeless students had stumbled upon a previously unknown anti body and a living creature. the antibody had just to poly peptide chains as opposed to the 4 in classic county bodies, giving its an unusually low molecular weight. the finding then has to be confirmed and repeat experiments. professor homeless used fresh blood samples from

the brussels due to replicate the test but not just with the blood from campbell's, from lamas and i'll pack is to the result show that all the animals possessed and also need the usual anti bodies. but also thing really discovered many anti bodies scientist splendid with ease just the remains of a primitive immune system where they functioning antibodies to find out the research is needed not just mole blood, but the whole campbell, they needed to vaccinate. in other words, injected with an anti gen a piece of an in activated virus for example. then they have to wait and see if the animals immune system would produce a response. using these unusual many antibodies, the,

the scientists had to improvise the zoo animals couldn't be tapped a 2nd time with the data type. any money any more. and therefore, we have to ask off the conditions that was americans to take a few outages in his luggage and to resent this own thing at the atlas mountain to immunize the drama there for his own glee was a farm. but as long ago, it was immunized using drumming down summit holiday movies a few times. so we close at one year and a half before we had to any one. how did the drum it varies immune system react? did it produce many anti bodies specifically targeting the intruder? scientists wherever, eventually able to test the animal's blood. the message shown here used

the color reaction to make the antibodies recognition of the anti gen visible the t or not. but there was no reaction that would have meant the chemical couldn't produce an immune response to the end to the vaccine. or if they're going through the office and going through the next hour or a little, they'd be no point in continuing aria. the reporting of the the sample began to turn yellow about how finale into the experiment. dance was clear, the mini antibodies worked antibodies attach themselves to an outage into trigger and immune response and eliminate the intruder . but session mood demands made a crucial discovery. when he looked at the very tip of the camel anti bodies, a variable pod can adapt to any kind of virus bacteria or other anti can detach

itself to it, the more them and showed that the antibodies tip could be separated from the rest without homing at the minute school antibody fragments proof no, certainly to be true resistance, but it's binding capabilities remained fully intact. the tip is what's known as a nano body, a structure that no you don't get access to trigger and immune response, but to size resistance and binding properties make it an extremely promising tool. so medical science a dental center. they never forget something like that. it's like with both of your 1st child and i'm going to get them all the home . and then his baby was soon ready to leave the university lab and into field research. but 1st ash mon demands and colleagues,

remo from us and say see a custom on hates and to the discovery in 1993, giving them the so rights to commercial development for 20 years. then they published the discovery in the science journal nature the day be for the smoke hamlet. antibody with a detachable head for such as and deliberate trees around the world responded among them. i love and must say, from structural biologist to allow who said, begin studying the new antibody. as soon as he found out about it the same way they have to do that for me, i spoke to you at this here in mar. see that the 1st and auto body structure was modeled in parallel with our colleagues in brussels, south carolina. we could see the shape that gives them low to its properties. i do

need either precisely to do that, but there were 3 large loops. a bit like 3 fingers, so i thought that i could grasp and to generate a key. so any direct keys of a new condo, i don't teach and he knows even more. now, thanks to progress in scientific modeling, but it's been confirmed. it's an atomic level that the know tips binding power is this precise and effective assess of a classic antibody. so nobody can book with a to 14 exist nano body, like many protein 1st step is composed of various areas that are more or less flat . a hollow and bumpy these hollows and bumps near the bumps and hollows of the empty gen, see on the 2 molecules fit into one another. and thanks to the perfectly complimentary shapes and their surfaces making their connect him with that data so fast about the fact that they still hung on it to me fitness tests that i've shown since that deal . and if we take a closer look at this interaction on that, if you look at this atomic structure, we can see that the atoms really do touch each other of it is these relatively

strong bonds between an oxygen that to a nitrogen active good binding the entire antibodies onto the oxygen because of the surface. complementarity is in nanometers. we're talking 10 to the power of minus 10 meters. don't quit, and that's the magic of natural biology. steve, my mom to that, i'm not sure either that or the energy the to the tip is atomic high tech about a miniscule vehicle ready for use at any time of the stuff scientists dream of the discovery that required a large dose of throughout the history of science is full of accidental breakthroughs over such that produced unexpected results from aspirin to dynamite, x rays,

and the structure of dna. all these co, incidental discoveries came from a mix of good luck and ingenuity, retiring phenomena known as serendipity, the and the origin of this term is to this on to body. quite surprising. it refers to a 16th century passion fairytale that recounts the journey made by the 3 princess of 7 days and how they were able to precisely describe the characteristics of a camel that had traveled the rates before them. the combination of towns, substations and insights resulted in serendipity. and now once again, the campbell is this, the, the

cooking, but the discovery of the cumberland, nun and bodies also raised many questions, could they actually be used on humans? works or a piece of complications could be developed and marketed, says more demands prefer to lease the answers to others. your articles go to school . the school ship that you'll see on what they think of it too much of a scientist. they don't even want to get involved in projects needing a commercial product with, with the holes that interested them as the stuff talking to me as a follow over. just you to stand on that with the economic movements has never looked back though he did keep to l pack as from the adventure that really need you to now is to keep the growth and he's old should trend say, this is paco and that's popular backward fabulous and popular to cartoon characters

. the 2 rows 6 through is escaping the bomb. the nice these 2 ruins escaping from the middle of it found the night. the one is operate them. so it was in belgium. the nano bodies potential applications were 1st explode. and some a stomach machine capabilities came to lights and then a few to run t conducts research at the university whether or not it bodies with us discovered in 2014, to begin to focus on the disease that's read, but still lee. so strikes it's caused by bacillus versus a complex and relatively under studied bacterium. the, the 1st time we hear about um, trucks is in the bible. it was the 5th flake of,

as you just say, that it has been always there is, this is really affecting or were enrolled at animals including us. so it spread everywhere in the words. and there are to be some way to get things to infection by screen receiver, sorry, and in the gulf. and that'll be infection cause of systemic in the blog. and then it's really, really difficult to be treated as instructs infection via the respiratory system is particularly deadly, so deadly. in fact, the suits inspired biological weapons projects in the 2nd world war. it's nearly 2 weeks since the 1st and track of tax in the united states. the circumstantial evidence is low. american is leading the authorities to investigate possible links between the anthrax and a solid been loven's network. 5 people in the us actually died from left to is laced with on strikes in 2001. so how can we protect ourselves?

so this is let us to class security by law. and what design instructs even look like. how, how caught on the 4th and then send them in again, she was interested in one specific characteristic of the bacteria. this is positive or some charges. it's our long save bus. a lie, it's makes change made of the center data. they are covered by anonymous, but it's made all the little pieces that are trophies, it's work so i can make those kind of them. and if you remove the ottoman or the bacteria are getting a signal at austic and they are not stiffened anymore. and i came out with the idea that, well,

what if i can discharge these are the thoughts turned to the non i bodies discovered by how university colleagues might they be able to use them in a school size to infiltrate the bacteria is alma, like tiny messiah's that code for a nama, the protein that makes up the bacteria is um, uh, was injected into the beast. and after a few months, the nama had created no bodies, specifically targeting this protein. fyodor of anti then introduced, and then their bodies to the answering bacteria. the results were a still machine. those of the known cheese themselves, you see they have these uh, as most shape. but when you treat them, we did not know bodies based factory to wrinkle, and then they, we collapse. they were able to stop the proteins to make the armor and without the support of its exoskeleton, the bacterium fills the pots. so it's really like the nano bodies are the key of

the story going between the hours and these assembled just and then nobody was possible because of the size, the that success come to, to test and no bodies in the lab. in other words, on living mice, the, my swear, infected wood on trucks and then getting the nano bodies twice a day for 6 days. well, i really, so they weren't going to die on a sleeve. me and my colleague of sleep fluids doing experiments. and then the my subject to, to get better, get better, but getting better. and on sunday morning i get this cold from sleep like so. why is that? that was why the control group got old dad. i remember really i started jumping, i was like, maybe my peach, i'm having remco and i is setting something you're likely to use because oh my god

and you said something this, this, this isn't, this is huge. is that it's worse. so the best days of my life this opens up really a lot of line over affairs, and also the opening of new foss, what treatments for under my kids that have such a higher. this is huge versus in the belgian city of kent when not able to use have enjoyed the most spectacular success. this is the headquarters of ab links, a stone top founded in 2001 to develop applications for college, not a bodies assigned to fix success story. the discovery of a special type of small anti bodies and candidates, sparked decades of innovation. and it led to the foundation of abilene in 2001 at that time the small antibody, what's the name?

amount of body and the start of the company have 10 and probably 15 is blink 6. fluid potential applications to various types of diseases. investors gradually began seeing the advantages of using calculating non abilities. and in 2018 they hit the jackpot. gold process, i know 6 have a false. it was a good investment it out the well full cost of the $3900000000.00 euros and amount equivalent to the promise held in the timing on a bodies. the 1st actual use was a drug center fee began selling in 2019 caps system up. ready a drug to bottles an auto immune blood disorder that's very red, but faithful in 90 percent of cases if left untreated, a t t p. ready

nationally suffers from the disease acquired from both takes from the side to peanut poor, poor the today, thanks to capt decision map. she's in the class. she's returning to the hospital for a checkup with professor a couple an a t t piece specialist or because of treatment works in the summer. yes. very well overall. ok on it on us, everything's really back to normal. now. we just need to check every 3 months and probably for the rest of your life a lot faster. it is solely on the good, multi it from what a on past the i just and off at the stuff to get bruised is of my buddies disappeared for no reason for the they stuff is on my legs and then gradually all

his all you too bye literally stuff is moving up, is see this one, which is up to some of it. i suppose i bashed into something and so not realize it because i'm very active. i'm a primary school teacher. so, so do go, go to my children and very young is off. i'm always moving around to her. it's happened over a couple of weeks. it's an eyesore to see if it smells like, hey, something's wrong and it's because the bruises started to appeal my. oh yeah, yeah, and i had a huge one on my head and i'll see if i thought to myself is on this is something wrong. tricity a christmas to them for having to talk to met at the key. it's a disease that's linked to the formation of small clots in the vessels of emotion organs, typically the brain and the heart, but also the digestive tract and the kidneys. and so if we do nothing, the organs fail, then the patient dies on gun a mushroom on. as soon as the opportunity my not the not know body see

count the blood proteins involved in the disorder detached themselves. they replaced the platelets that caused the blood clubs and prevent them from company to come and live. not able to use, make it possible to attacks that diseases and know what kings are supposed to do get. this is us since we added capitalism. abdul plasma exchange and other immune suppressive treatments, patient responses, nachos and pastor. it's also long last angle. that's what's new to exhaust the sacraments, no, on the other, to lose the shots. thanks to this, we can now stop plasma exchange much sooner than before. currently, we estimate that with the addition of capital of season map, we can cut treatment time in half lashawn with a switch of some of the, the nano bodies. and now such an integral parts of medical research that,

that origin in the calculated immune system is often overlooked. the well gave camels, these unique superpowers, the native vienna, austria permanent book studies, the genetics of the very ancient camella di family choose a specialist on the origins of the cumberlands, which is undergoing surprising changes during that evolution. the camels to originated in the northern america and it was about maybe like 40 to 45000000 years ago at the very beginning. do the very small, like a goat and um, over the millions of years developed into different campbell types lie to

a smaller thoughts around 50000000 years ago. they split into the tool on images and i believe the new wealth camels and the old solid candidates. and the new world kimberly they migrated around for the southern america, which i represent that now by the nama. i talked to the, we're not going to be cornea. and the old book campbell stay migrated various via the bearing land preach to asia and from the out in to africa. of the illusion of the nano bodies. it's it also a very, very old development must have been older even than 15000000 years ago because both kimberly niches have it. so the system does not know bodies must have developed before display of these totally ditches. they have developed over the millions of years, very successful mechanisms to fight against diseases. then

no need for lucian has left it small come the species. but white cabinets in particular, i would say is by chance. a lot of it will. lucian thing happened by chance trial and error. so something which has been successful survived and evolved. and if it was too much, if it cost to keep, then it would have been abandoned again by the species. but why other mammals would not have developed the same strategy? i don't know. the, the cumberlands may still have the other secrets, but for now the sharing the benefits of their immune system with humans. these i'll pack us for the king near paris, belong to the us, the cheapest. they play an active role in some major research,

the immuno. they're just p f. i is the ship it to the small research heard the kick off, the adults interested in cumberland antibodies about 20 years ago because of professor how much work and brussels would said all the people 1st thought it was funny that we were working with our package. so as of now it's become so important that everybody understands remote. i'm facts and i seen them against various proteins, really against outside was in particular, how did you get home to put to you about the lunch, the facts and nights it would take a blood samples of continual work in the line of credit you so please continue to use them, we leave the animals alone for a couple of years. so you'll notice from key to phone, don't presume, is that okay with them? now if you 2 years of peace and quiet the next step,

extracting from those few sentences of blood, the anti bodies, the animal has produced in response to the protein characteristics the outside is disease fuels and it doesn't have to have several 1000000 anti bodies. louis passed developed the rabies vaccine in these buildings, in the 1818, and the institute continues to welcome promising treatments, thanks to it. sell pack has many antibodies. the book fair, these on to call a for call. we can make antibodies against cause a to see again seek and recently against monkey pox. so we can make the make and stuff. and brain cells flatten the containment receptors on the ship to include my research focuses on, i don't. so i'm just a big we're trying to extract the anti bodies specific to outside the school, the diagnostic, and eventually for treatment will call for the digging. let's take

a look for that to help with the nano bodies that could recognize some of the diseases degenerative characteristics. and in this case, no bodies specifically produced by elpac. cuz the, the 1st stage is to extract the dna from all the nano bodies in the blood. sample and then introduce it to the bacteria, the dual credit. oh yeah. i mean, yeah, the bit can we have 1000000000 bacteria containing the dna encoding for about 100000000 nano antibodies. we call the phil is we selection method so that we gradually isolate the 10 best amount of what he says, if it to the email and then don't keep cool. do long keys and do the the, the selection is ruthless. they 1st use

a virus that can eliminate 99 percent of them suitable not able to use the remaining 1000 candidates. the 10 to is a 12 robots which one by one tests their ability to identify the outside that protein. the entire process takes around 3 months just to if the original $100000000.00. none of the bodies remain standing the, the chose and unable to use it, then taken to the us, the to do several, the power sprain institute to help conduct research and outside this p a p. i. left size antibodies are always eagerly awaited, especially by adults, have been one of the lead to who is exploring new methods of diagnosing the disease . the

outside is directly affects the brains, neural communication network, the, the formation of protein deposits, known as i'm annoyed. tax looks the flow of information, but the disease also causes the new runs themselves to degenerate and die. the outside is initially effects memory before closing irreversible damage in the other areas of the brain. for treatment to be effective outside this must be diagnosed as early as possible. the goal is to detach the amyloid cracks that build up in the patient, sprains from the stops the into the nano bodies. but the responsiveness must 1st be tested

to die. so footage doesn't accomplish what trivia is quite interesting to include the 2 anti bodies really work very well, and this one recognizes the amyloid blacks. and so i've done some tagging on a transgenic mouse that's full of amyloid flags. and you can see they're all tactic to this really resembles what we see in the brains of alzheimer's patients. idle to go and see. antibody is very precise and we recognize there's only one thing fee. there's no background noise. so take a look if it really is perfect and you and the other anti body recognizes the 2nd, the classic lesion of alzheimer's disease, ero, 5 blurry tangles. dr. glenn is useful. you can see that all the lesions have been carefully detected. and most of the naval campus people go, which is the memory center for humans and animals. and you can also see all the time you are on is recognized by the body work. when you follow the logic, all the 1st experiment was conducted on brain tissue extracted from mice.

it will now be repeated on living animals to delete the most there under the microscope of the aim is to see if the nano bodies can cross the blood brain barrier. speaking body, i'll keep them in assets. name suggestions is a body or the isolates the brain from the plot to fi on. so if it's a blood carries pathogens, talks that molecules that mustn't enter the brain that they're inside of this battery or is that important molecules like anti bodies count across it to go. except maybe camella down to body is going to. ready the small size is the key trouble, so then you can see for now it's very flag inside. you can just start to make some shapes appearing and real time, you can see the active for the exit. the vessel is crossing the blood brain barrier and it will gradually spread and gather at the sight of the amyloid flax. so can we

do any where they pick any to enjoy the job? that's cool. and you can see the prox planning low sum of all the tagging is done by the anti bodies. but this time sits within vehicles. we also slice unimaginable just a few years ago. the technology opens up new opportunities for treating outside this disease. system doesn't have to say no to, to these nano anti bodies or nano bodies, but clearly have a feature by combining them with elements that can be picked up on an m r. i will be able to carry out early, high resolution diagnoses on patients through the city bus, as well as monitor of various therapies on the regression of these lesions. no longer this website is you these are high hopes in the fight against a disease that afflicts hundreds of thousands each year in europe and an estimate to $10000000.00 worldwide. but none abilities can go even further

and highlight all the processes that occurred deep inside the human body. the literally schwartzbar wants to use the nano bodies, tiny size to infiltrate living cells and monitor what goes on inside them. a joke that requires a slight upgrade to the not a bodies. the nano bodies are invisible. since we can see them, we must make them visible. we link the nano bodies with a small source and protein to make a chroma body histidine coma from the rest. and it's not a body that makes it possible to navigate within cells and ups of some of the biological processes live. since these are dynamic process is taking place inside sales,

and that's where the chromium body has the additional advantage of functioning in living cells. the cells processes can be displayed and the dynamic modifications with them can be visualized in real time. and don't want to visit the side, here's what i can see. inside the cell, the crime a body binds itself to a its target. it traces the targets come tools and reveals its movements. must be you'll see that we can see the chroma body, the signal of a chroma body that has bound itself to the h i. v virus. we can observe and find detail how the h i v virus attaches itself to a sales plasma membrane. and it's been discharged to infect neighboring cells. i'm not able to change it to you from my bodies are already used today to study the effect of 2nd drugs on cells. in particular for cancer treatments

you say for an hour or sleep and all that. and you can also see a criminal body and those living cancer cell, the chroma body collides with a nuclear membrane. so we can observe the division of this cancer cell. it's an important process the most, for example, if we want to know, develop a drugs that prevents cancer cells from dividing, we can test them in the cell line. we will know immediately at what moment and then what quantities of drug stops this cancer cell minute. and we can see it in real time on this kind of monster tongue lies mitchell flu. so this is what this helps us choose medicines at a very early stage and saves money in the development of new active ingredients and expulsion none or bodies of the greatest hope in cancer treatment. as 18000000 new counts the cases, the diagnosed every year of nearly 10000000 people die from the disease.

most current cancer treatment, slack precision, the chemotherapy attacks no certainty, cancer cells, but healthy ones too, were such as they're looking for more targeted therapies. and none of the bodies have become a new precision weapon in the fight against cancer. the the number of potential applications is growing. summit designed to inhibit to cim as gross, while others destroyed the cancer cells. a strategy adopted by belgian stop per sign rex. it relies on no body special ability to bind on to other molecules to form a bond with a radioactive isotopes. the treatment is still in the test phase,

but some potential uses already being assessed in clinical trials here in a 1st stage. and then everybody is being added to a trace. so the 2 is very site, the radioactive, it's mission to seek out disease cells and attach itself to them. here we say an x and i remember floats with a high uptake and hair. as we can see, the restoration order also very good uptake on the trace or the nano bodies target is a protein called hub to that's a characteristic of certain types of cancer. for us it's very important to know if there is a higher or 2 expression in the tumor and then the best assist of the tumor. and then the best place to live knows because we know in that way,

if this patient will respond to therapy or another advantage as a to now is the treatment to be tailored to the nature of the cancer. however, there is such as long term goal is to equipped and not able to use, but the phone will powerful radioactive payload. so the nano will be east present in the tumor. but the few couple of the same nano believe me to. so if you to create a new isotope, so you will, you read the $8.00 to $2.00 more and so it against ourselves. so specifically targeting to, to more cells while sparing to the healthy tissue what you want. the small size, these very beneficial for this approach. once you administer to a patient, it diffuses through too much to, to hurry fast. on the other hand, of course, you're working with the very potent radioisotope for therapy to use. and you don't want the friction that he's not bound on the 2 more to stay alone in the body. and

because of the small size you to be clear out very fast from the body, which is perfect for the safety. now the young style top must complete the extensive series of required tests to guess it's treatments approved to the clinical studies to prove that their drug is safe and a fetus from all the way from the camel. if you want all to the patients and the told so a need to take more than 10 years, i'm not able to use have the potential to revolutionize therapies and diagnostic procedures now and in the future. the growing number of companies offering custom made nano bodies is proof in itself the alone with the physical and chemical benefits. the single domain antibodies are also especially lights and an expensive to produce these practical and economic

advantages make them affordable. so many for such labs, stimulating innovation the cabinets may look very unassuming, put them off to submit it to rising anti bodies, which has made them into the kings of biotech. something. no one could have predicted. the facts that should cheer camels unplug, as unlike the,

the, the, the 7070 percent of the world degree show was on a disadvantage. a 140 years ago, africa was carved up at the berlin conference, dividing people's destroying relics and plundering cultures. i was actually quite shocked to terms of the i was just a completely independent young africans are looking back and there are still a lot of questions this 77 percent in 30 minutes. d, w. sunlight, mel,

steve unimposing breaks racial production. now that researches have reached the high temperatures with sun life will oil and gas be phased out soon in the steel industry as well. tomorrow today. in 90 minutes on d w. the think the o just twice think ahead or was outside the box on your but always remember to sing for yourself. we had to find it was incredibly like

providing you with free information. dw made for mind the, the, this is the w news live from berlin. president joe biden approves ukraine's use of us miss solve to strike inside russia. it is a major policy you to on. so the outgoing bite and the administration ukraine's president the let's see, says the miss solve will speak for themselves. a russian official says it's a step towards the world war 3. the move by the us as dillman 19 discussion as the twin cedars java in rio de janeiro will hear from all correspondence in brazil the

.