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in 1985, we were screwed and made csc gases have severely damaged cios and le gases from fridges, air conditioners, and has spray said, toward the massive fall into the shield which protects us against uv radiation. 2 years later, countries around the world came together and then more than $100.00 substances responsible for the whole, and that saves the wage and major damage. today, the ozone layer is on track to make a full recovery, largely due to the montreal protocol. just they ignored one things, nitrous oxide, better known as lawson. guess me this stuff is no joke. uh is in the past that can become now the largest remaining spread to the ozone

layer and could undo one of the biggest environmental successes that humanity is ever experienced. and as if that wasn't enough, it's also super potent greenhouse gas that makes global warming and a lot worse. so why has no one talking about nitrous oxide? and how can we stop this stuff from building up in our atmosphere? you probably know nitrous oxide from these little canisters, but what is it into oh, is a colorless gas that's made up of nitrogen and oxygen? english kim is joel just briefly, 1st synthesize that in $1772.00. and that chemist tests experimented with a gas and discovered that bracing it in makes you feel light headed. he called it laughing gas in the 19th century. nitrous oxide became a real hit at so called laughing gas parties, which were basically a bunch of rich people getting high on it. at one of these parties, american dentist power as well as got the idea, it's inhaled, the gas as a painkiller. before having it tooth extracted. he introduced the method into

medicine where it still is use today. and apparently it hasn't lost any of it's a traction as a potty direct either or has to do. the thing is levels of nitrous oxide was stable for centuries, but the amount we pumped into the atmosphere has increased by a staggering 30 percent in the past. 40 years alone, there are many reasons for that, and we get to them. first, we need to understand why this much nitrous oxide and what ms. here is the problem . well, nitrous oxide, not only destroys the ozone layer, it also works as a greenhouse gas and trips the heat from the sun. the atmosphere is the 3rd most abundant greenhouse gas of the carbon dioxide and re sign. it's just no one really knows about it. somebody needs to be an advocate for the 3rd most important greenhouse gas. and so here i am. this is eric davidson. he's an environmental scientist who has been working on nitrous oxide for more than 30 years. we need to

look under every stone to try to find ways to mitigate climate change. ignoring it is a bad idea. it's around $265.00 times better a tripping heat than c o 2. and once it's in the atmosphere, it stays there for about $114.00. yes, accounting for about 6 percent of global warming, which doesn't sound like a lot. but when we have such a small window to stay below 1.5 degrees, every single emission, this is david canter. he researches how nitrogen pollution and food security are connected. so where does all these nitrous oxide in the atmosphere even come from around half of it comes from nature like forest oceans or so is this is inevitable . what not inevitable is global warming, the 100 gets to more excess the microbes than i was. so it turned nitrogen into nitrous oxide. it's really scary. this is caroline or micro

biologist who researches how micro pts, and the environment influence one another. tomorrow night we're so excited we release the woman, the climate guest tomorrow night results excites me release of the result of the not the really difficult situation to rebecca on top of that comes to the nitrous oxide that us humans release as a byproduct of bio bus burning burning fossil fuels or waste water for example, or because we still use it at the dentist. but these are by far not the biggest players, the biggest source accounting for about 2 thirds of all human costs, nitrous oxide emissions. agriculture. humanity has, is a complicated relationship with nitrogen, it is both an essential resource, right? our phone system is nothing without it. and at the same time, it is one of the biggest threats to the environment and human health, when the way it's supposed to be in by the good old days pharmacist. when your composts are cons, that binds nitrogen to make their soil richard and nitrogen. but everything changed

in the early 20th century. that's when german chemist catawba anti bush invented a method that turned agriculture upside down. they later won the nobel prize for this. thanks to the so called how the process, it was suddenly possible to produce massive amounts of ammonia fertilizer and put massive amounts of nitrogen onto our trucks. in the last 60 is the amount of nitrogen fertilizer we use has increased 10 fold. this has made it possible to feed a growing population just we're over doing it a bit. every year we spend more than a $100000000.00 tons of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer on our crops. but only about half of it makes its way into the plants. the rest is taken up by different microbes into soil which turn it into nitrous oxide. among other things, the i p. c. c estimates that for every 100 units of nitrogen applied at least one to low as last as into o n. depending on where you are,

it can be much more. we found it to be as high as 3 or 4 percent in the systems where we were in a, in the sort of north central ios that stephen home and environmental scientists, research and greenhouse gas emissions from soil. and so there can be tremendous geographic variations. but as nitrous oxide goes out, the source also takes in and binds carbon dioxide to the number one climate killer . couldn't that balance it out in many of these corners? so it'd be an acre cultural systems. the ongoing emissions of nitrous oxide from the soil to the atmosphere can have a much greater negative impact on climate. then the most optimistic benefits that we might get by storing additional carbon. the other big players, the chemical industry accounting for around 14 percent of nitrous oxide emissions. here it comes as a byproduct when we make a to pick and nitric acid. we need these for producing nylon cars. search lies this

or explosives. in 2018, the biggest blond into us admitted into o equivalent to the carbon dioxide pollution from 2000000 cars. in the coming decades, emissions are expected to increase even more if they are more and more people on the planet, we need more food, make more waste and products. that's why we need to think about solutions as most human made. nitrous oxide emissions come from agriculture. this is where we can expect the greatest success. so it's inevitable that there will always be some nitrous oxide emissions. question is, can we kind of redesign our agricultural system to making much, much more efficient? and so that we can sort of the couple this food production always partially the couple, the food production from the nitrous oxide production, the biggest fix would be to waste less fertilizer. we should use just as much as

needed when the crops needed spots. we won't know what the right amount of nitrogen to apply is until the season is over. and so this is a real challenge for farmers, right? who have to, you know, maximize their long term income to say to stay in business. many pharma supply the nitrogen and fall off to the harvest. besides, it's easier to plough then into farm must have less to do, but has no concept growing. the nitrogen just sits there until the spring, and a lot of it is close to the environment. optimized for lies less can also help, like adding nitrous occasion inhibitors that can slow down how quickly my troops transform ammonium or a special coaching on the fluids lives that can delay the release of nitrogen in the cycle and make it available when the plants actually need it optimized for allies replications to not be beneficial intensive deals, but it's also going to be beneficial in terms of as nitrous oxide emissions

changing the way we farm can also help like planting nitrogen, fixing krupps, rotating crops or applying the fruit. eliza, as close to the roots as possible. sounds straightforward. so why aren't all farmers doing this? tom is a very constrained and the decisions that they can make it constrained by regulatory forces. market forces, cultural forces, behavioral forces, knowledge courses, social forces, all of those actors shape what a family does on this deal. as a farmer actually has a quite narrow decision making space. so it's complicated. what's much less complicated, reducing nitrous oxide emissions from industry. all we need to do is put these little things into smoke stacks where nitrous oxide process through they act as a catalyst and help break up nitrous oxide into di, nitrogen and oxygen foster. and they're extremely effective getting rid of almost all the nitrous oxide but not all companies do it. and there's in very

few countries. is there really a legal requirement for them to do it? that's not a technological problem. it's not really even an economic problem. it's basically a political problem. it's policies are in place, they can be very effective. 13 years ago, countries into you implemented the nitrous directive. its goal was to protect water from nitric pollution. as a result, emissions from agricultural, sorry, was decreased by 21 percent. just policies like these are few and far between. we did a now analysis a couple of years ago of all of the nitrogen policies around the world and the county exist. one thing that shocked us in particular is that in agriculture, 2 thirds to 3 quarters of old policies incentivized or facilitates the commerce of nice. if you think back to the montreal protocol, why didn't they include nitrous oxide and why don't they do it now? they are reluctant to take on nitrous oxide because it comes from a for culture and because there are also some natural sources and then complicates

the issue. so again, it's complicated. we're still trying to come up with solutions that what we've in the current system of production, which makes sense, but going to need to continue produce a lot of food sport. well, we're not going to change food systems overnight for sure. but part of the scientific community is, responsibility should be in shining a light, showing us the waste boyd and what future was crude looked like in different scenarios. we will never be able to totally cut into o emissions, but reducing them is possible and their agency needed. so what do you think we should do in order to investigate nitrous oxide emissions? if you liked this video, give it a thumbs up. and if you're curious about more time, it's so big, subscribe to this channel. we post videos like this every friday on the

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