[000:00:00;00] the, [000:00:00;00] the, it's rainy but you stay nice and dry anyway. and in the mountains, we want to be just as safe as on a city street. not to mention our kids. wherever, danger, larks, we humans have thought of all kinds of ways to protect ourselves. but our best body guards are our m use cell phones. they're always looking out for us. they wipe out potential perpetrators like bacteria, viruses,

funky and tumor cells. and any damage they causes repaired swiftly to one of the fob your immune system. find out how here are in good shape the, the skin is the immune system, thus line of defense. it protects the body from external passages. it's taking in some places and then all those gone off wouldn't sort of how, how much is our dead skin cells that form a physical barrier against invading organisms feet that sort of not on the mouth or the eyes that would cloud your vision and stop you being able to taste involve males making. so what we have there are mucous membrane. there is spirit tree and urinary tract also, it has mucous membranes. the mucus laya helps expel pathogens to slime,

hard to fix any ends or the mucous membranes, are composed of cells that form a physical barrier. and so these are washed with a lot of saliva and other fluids. in spite of these have many components in them that haven't antiviral or anti bacterial effect until the of odd with auntie back to the field. the intestine is being medium systems grand central station. northern how far immune cells are locations in the intestinal world. this is when most defense reactions against pathogens take place as well as the immune system in the god. there is of course the micro biome, all of the microbes that are found there because this is, they are habitat. other bacteria can't easily established themselves. there's their fault office. there is no room for that. i'm from the time slots when

the bone marrow is also concepts gaming system. it's located inside the buildings. this is where most immune cells are produced. they perform various tasks. now mocks, the bone marrow basically provides the so precursors, d, which mature into fight against invaders and then produce antibody listening ones on, on to crop up here. the time is a small gland under the breastbone, a specialized organ that acts as a kind of school for special like blood cells called t cells. ready white blood cells travel from the bone marrow to the timeless and mature that pit search for this simulation by yourself. cool is quite yes. correct tools in 1st grade, the teacher teaches the t cell, students what they need to respond to was still they again as of in my enhanced and they have to do it properly and a semester, if they don't to be kicked out of the classes. choices must 15th dental and i'll

send them to you. so school getting kicked out means dian north and then that pizza actually amongst the cells, learn to distinguish the bodies own cells from foreign invaders full and to jens officer. they've been trained. somebody used as kill us cells against pathogens to destroy them. the spleen is also a key part of the immune system. it's still of defense, self the release whenever the needed and also felt as the plot going down was fun, safety maybe basically you can think of this plane is a big blood c. as of that, but the blood is filtered through it, and there are also macrophages in the margins, which we call scavenger cells in the i to t t saying they fish out old t cells, old blood cells and pathogens, and then dispose of them done. and so often the immune system has a huge off and all of health as that destroyed pathogens to keep us healthy. often

without us even noticing how immune systems are continually on red alert, and they keep on watch, rely on the entire body even. so pathogen sometimes can get through, but even if you get several colds a year, that's no reason to worry. but if you're constantly tired and finding it difficult to concentrate, your immune system might be under par. smoking doesn't help. it reduces the micro flora and the nose and throat that normally stopped the spread of harmful bacteria, nicotine and tar also we can the body's ability to kill pathogens. so smoking damages your immune system, but you can also do things to strengthen it. sonya does a lot to stay healthy and fit regular to size and a balanced diet, a roll ready an info,

cost of life. what is the more she could do to specifically strengthen her new system kind of be trained? sonya is looking for answers from a nutritionist full scientist. her 1st question is about movement. i'm just the assist whole day at work. if i just do an exercise session in the evening, does not do anything for my immune system. sport scientists, cost included, is researching precisely that question. beautiful. every sporting activity stimulates the immune system. so it also activates the immune system. if you delve into the science and look directly at it and immune cells, you can see on a functional level that immune cells and athletic people function that's meant from best of them to be on the cells. a move on more effective against pathogens or you

go and that seems to be part of the cellulose. it will fit the logical basis for why they get sick. less often than a concrete is poured this, the mean system. but how exactly exercise stimulates just circulation. this improves the transport of nutrients, an oxygen via the bloodstream, which benefits immune cells. they then divide more quickly and when, well supplied also search more actively for pathogens in the body. because he moves a steam is my immune system doesn't care what sport i do. specifically what it is important that i stimulate my cardio pullman. we system the cardiovascular system because this mobilizes and stimulates the immune cells. whether i do that by playing soccer, joking or swimming, is pretty irrelevant. the crucial thing is that i do it frequently because throughout my life it will always activate these immune cells and keep them in better condition when c. m. o leaves long gun and i'm just going to cancel to

prevent disease, the bodies immune cells split up the tops and the clever way of the in nate's immune system reacts universally to any unknown pathogens. it provides a kind of basic blanket protection, but specialized means cells also develop over the course of a lifetime. as part of the so called adaptive immune system. they can recognize and eliminate specific pathogens fee is providing an added layer of protection to. sonya also wants to help her immune system by eating healthily. but the victim in spite and trace elements really improve the immune system. how important is nutrition for my immune system and how long this service is for the same? was tim nutrition is very important for the heading system. we need the various nutrients that we taken through food in for the immune system to function well all

side. and it's also particularly important to drink and the fluids, mainly water and sweeten table t sika. this is easy because the immune system is a fluid organs expired. nothing will just tim, i'm for this it out. i'm not itself so when your blood and blood transports them to the places that need it. transported when people notice that like splits recommend drinking at least a lea 2 and a half or 4 to daily. and the diet that contains vegetables and fruit, but also dairy products, whole grains, which will need of high quality fat balanced intake for the median system. and the whole party i said it was due to do, i definitely need to strengthen my immune system stacked it through of to you, mike, for nutrients. so the victim ins increase elements and that support immune function . in particular, one of them is victim and see he's a week. i mean it is the time in favor which as is commonly known, is found above old and citrus fruits. but also in cabbage. in bel pep. as for

instance, the open public between c strengthens immune cells, can also neutralize free radicals. these arise, for example, when immune cells of working a lot could between c, weekends of cells, a means high immune system. and i'll waste this think is also important. it's a trace element mainly found in whole grain products like home we'll bread, but also impulses and source in defense cells need think in order to divide quickly and this effectively fight off infections. another vital substance to trace elements. selenium is contained in like use such as soil, other beans, but also brazil not. selenium also encourages the formation of new use cells and like 50 men see it combined aggressive free radicals, render them homeless. lots of few died isn't perfectly balanced. sonya also

sometimes snacks, a benchmark honestly. so i've been up see if i'm not sure whether i'm eating right or do i just take supplements? smith and then i'd have everything i need wouldn't mind. florida there's an industry built around immune boosters. the problem is the strong immune system, but how useful are they really valuable? cancel smith, the food supplements are not the best way to achieve a balance diet. we need complex fluids because they contain a range of nutrients, select the door, absorb together and the interact together, including within the context of immune function, what they're supposed to come out in on monday and 142. so home cooked meals a good, but one of them you do is almost completely lacking in sued victim. indeed, the time in the special thing about victim indeed is that we produce, it's all cell through our skin by sunlight invent. and when so you should have your levels checked, i mean the load and supplement with victim indeed accordingly is done by him to

victim. indeed. so foot victim indeed strengthens, and mucous membranes stimulates the production of anti bodies and active. they use the entire immune system and relaxing and the sun is good for you anyway. stressful new the hand is a real immune killer, isn't it? shown off suppress of that? i'm often stressed that we can often really exhausted. how important is it from my, my unit system to relax? some studies have shown that defense cells appeared to multiply and grow more efficient during deep sleep phases. if you don't get enough sleep, on the other hand, the opposite happens. so adequate sleep, a balance, diet and regular exercise. oh, strengthen the mean system. however, it's just as important to keep the immune system in shape through contact with other people challenging by confronting it with new passages. that's how the immune system runs to recognize and fight them off. so don't

be afraid of catching something contacts, there's nothing the fuel mood, but also for your health. speaking of contact, sex is a good work out to choose your immune system in circulation and reduces stress laughing like why is helps to counteract the effects of stress hormones. a good kid go can actually increase the production of t cells and natural killer cells. and while our cherished children might have jack, there's another option when it comes to protecting the body against dangerous diseases. vaccination. ready ready a single job that can say you've more than just one life as we know in front of a 220 years of a no q lation in the form of pills injections. we'll scratch vaccination. but come, there's lots to constitute physical harm. even insult. 10 percent. that'd be based

on the one in 10 you bones in the 18th century died of smallpox stink a. i'd say that the physical tom prevents something worse. are you dead? then? maybe it is justified for life because i finished. smallpox has play cumin, calling for millennia. the fight against a deadly disease began in earnest with edward gena and his 1st successful application of immunology in europe. in 1796, the english talk to in fact as an 8 year old, 1st with cal parks, then with smallpox, when the boy proved to be a meeting to the lot. so he conducted test some of the subjects the i'm feeling that the introduction of the small pulse inoculation paved the way for today's vaccination programs that vaccines could now be produced in large quantities for the 1st time potentially for an entire society. in germany, the smallpox vaccination was made compulsory in 1874 with fines,

but not complying with the new law. but that didn't prevents a series of outbreaks in the 20th century. meanwhile, the 1950s, so a research and supposedly of a disease that can attack no cells in the spinal cord and brain so via cases can cause paralysis and the arms and legs or even were spirit. 3, failure, the, the only protection against polio is vaccinations. the last documented case of polio in germany was in 1990 and many other countries, too. it has now been eliminated, thanks to vaccines and progress was also made on the smallpox front with huge news in 1980 the pumpkin concord beside me. i'd start talking to ya, hold on a guy. so dimensions is taught to front of it because on types of guns up to on be how old feel us going to take the info. if 95 percent of

a population are immunized, a pathogen can no longer spread. what kind of a sudden, you could almost say that vaccination is a victim of its own success. so because you can't see what the situation would be like, otherwise, the smallpox was eradicated in 1981 and from there or not. so after shells go out. that means initial score. if that hadn't been the case, they would have claimed the lives of an estimate to 200000000 people since then on maxima and those people didn't die. research as a working on new vaccines against h i v comes up and m s. the hope is that in the future, the success story of immunization benefit count this more lives the smallpox may be history, but a new generation of vaccines are being develops to eradicate other serious diseases

. polio, for example, unit self and other organizations introduce global inoculation drives. the virus, however, remains a threat to children in afghanistan and pakistan. and there are a number of other countries where polio is making a comeback despite having disappeared years ago. then there's measles, which continues to claim thousands of mostly young lies every year, especially in places where access to vaccines is limited. but the more people who are protected, the sooner we'll get, the better the disease and dedicated scientists are constantly working on new vaccines. h p v is a group of viruses responsible for genital warts, but more ominously, they can also cause cervical cancer, penile cancer, tumors in the mouth, and anal region 2006. so a major breakthrough in the fight against the pathogens. i know i'm late for spring,

hama has a preliminary stage of civic who cancer cells have already changed, but not yet malignant. even so she has to have surgery to remove them. serious procedure layer wants to have kid some day and then know proration puts that wish risk. yes, my son is a 27 year old woman. it's difficult to come to terms with it was a big shot from the 1st cause us talk so much. she was diagnosed with the human populum of virus or h p, v, and easily transmissible pathogen that's ultimately responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer. the virus can also trigger other types of cancer like fruit cancer or cause gens towards the sun out of iron. me then really realized what it meant and what impact the h. b virus has before that it was never an issue. i'd really thought about the same over to a knock a desktop in fact, as being a vaccine against h. b z for nearly 20 years. now,

unique in the fight against cancer to your credit. so please put on a, if we can now really prevent cancer development with the vaccine, we can make the immune system so capable that all party takes care of this viral disease on it. so wherever it pops up top here to uncomfortable and saves the use program to eliminate h p. v. and europe by 2030 requires 90 percent of everyone under a team guessing vaccinated but so far. and the one in 5 young men have done so happy. so quick street, so they asking whether these men have ever heard of h. p v provides a super in picture most haven't before lives, but one respondent says that's because he thinks it's not on the agenda for man thing to think about viruses that effect organs. if they don't have themselves content, that's the assumption is widespread, but it's also a misconception. is team on, you know, need a reasonable approach and education on the one hand that boys have vaccinated, they also protect go see me because they can then no longer infect them. but boys

can also protect themselves from malignant throat cancer, and this should be a bigger issue with the thought, even with pennsylvania, getting it too much. it's not runs and information sense of focused on prevention. he says, vaccination rates can only be increased through education and campaigns. la, showing how much is no guessing of vaccination. 27, because protection against h. p. v. make sense even after an infection like flight simulators for pilots, vaccinations give our immune system training under realistic conditions. they involve a weekend form of the pathogen or parts of it which arms the body against an infection . the cobra 19 pandemic also saw the emergence of a new kind of vaccine where it's time r n a technology. the body cells are given the kind of genetic blueprint that they

use to construct viral components. they in turn trigger and immune response. cancer researchers were working on the technology long before cove it, however, and progress has been made on that front too. it has been 2 and a half years since and that it's in my mind at the melanoma skin cancer removed. she then had regular follow up appointments. then one day she discovered swollen lymph nodes from the hospital said i should have been taken out just to be on the safe side. except it turned out it was a been tested. this is not gonna be tough tom. those that in turn was removed, but, and that'd, simon was now worried about the counselor returning. and whether anything can be done to prevent it. when countries on the uh show you can say it's all gone. the m r i n c t. what fine. that used to means that everything was okay. yeah. okay. and then the clinic told me there was a study going on, i guess it's

a very promising m hour and a vaccine on and off. i'm schools on the head says a few such questions as a study run by christopher get pod from the hamburg skin treatment center, where researches are working on new treatments for melanoma. the current phase involves over a 1000 patients world wide and the 1st results showed that the m r n a vaccination very often reduces the risk of a recurrence. dobbins is that for these things because the data is very encouraging. what's overall 49 percent, but it's a decent for risk of recurrence and the prevention of discipline test documents up to 6 and the seems to sense by be so foundation 6 points subjects and the studies are administered. ready to and you know, therapies. ready the 1st is a check point and hipaa to infusion every 6 weeks for

a year. the check point it'd be the check point inhibitors, or if they were to take approach that literally run the tumors, invisibility cloak, at least into multi tom cup, a from q most able to hide from the immune system is this team. so for sending a check point in hip it to the to event that on the 2nd. ready and then a new development, the patients also get 9 doses of an m r n a comes to vaccine. ready to my info is in the cima vaccine, i can specify the target of the attack, even though so we can provide the immune system with the features that characterize the, to miss ellison the, the 2 months and cocktails, the, the production of the vaccine starts with the envelope using the genetic material of kansas cells is then deployed to create the product, the direct key target, the specific cima. this is called

a new entity and vaccine and that it's similar. mine is about to get to full m r, and then shopped. she's one of the 1st patients in gemini to receive this new customized council therapy. as part of the study, the this to the board review and come back to brings together varies experts. m r n a could be a highly effective treatment method in the fight against by all kinds of says do it on knowledge who was involved in and nothing you study so far. however, not many of his patients that eligible only those who are tons of free of the surgery would remain at extremely high risk of recurrence. but it will take a few years to find out whether the m r n. a vaccine really provides protection here. and the same applies for other forms of cancer from pancreatic to prostate

and lung cancer. now being targeted by a range of studies being ducted worldwide, the, so the system is this, the, what's gradually becoming apparent is it vaccinations can be particularly beneficial with the low cima. the meaning that the burden is minimized by surgery or radio therapy. ringback about it, what else does this type of homes does is that's what we can currently see from the studies that have been conducted. that can come to my mind remains anxious. also because like many of its kind to is a double blind study. meaning, but neither adult to no patient, no, which subjects would give them the actual vaccine in which received the placebo. the thing, i'm the caution. we had some kind of it started with headaches, aching lim, severe fatigue, and chills and fever. and i assume this, i'm guessing the right medication, but of course nobody knows come of us by such as kind of, she hopes that comes,

that is no history. and if the study successfully completes this late his phase, the vaccine could perhaps soon be more widely available. so take care of your immune system and it will take care of you. and that includes getting some well learned rest and relaxation. how about within the next step is so does in good shape see you that

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the w. sort of story that i science sort of the night that we do do sense of how close we are. and how much is the influencers, partis and active? they're looking to drum up support for more environmental protection and the low carbon lifestyle. but just how effective are their efforts? eco, india. in 90 minutes, dw, the w travel over the side, phase 3, food, honest with inside digits, local high life. well, let's go here. we go lower. so when it comes to sustainability information and try and do that, when you travel,

you can have it all expected. it has to check that says you're planning a trip to make sure you miss nothing about is on the w travel. i hope you enjoy the trip here as much as i did. what about you? what's your opinion? feel free to write your thoughts and the comments they gave me the name moved lou means happy. when i was 8 years old, i was already dreaming of a future as a singer or something i wanted to become the funeral of my family. the bluetooth dream was within reach. she'd become a star in turkey overnight. a man took everything from with the help of his family and music. she rebuilt her life. and then his sister also became a family scholar by hatred and mother. and the daughters. i am willing to work for

change and also so i will sing my song say, well, this injustice will not go on punishing. maybe my voice will be heard back to bring to our law. seeking justice for the victims of fame. assign starts november 21st on d, w. the this is the, the news coming to life from berlin. the united states closes its embassy and keep warning of a major missile strike in ukraine. the move comes a day after us made missiles were used to hit the military facility in the brians region of russia. moscow says the strikes mark a new phase in the war and boards. it will respond accordingly. also coming up, germany suspects sabotage after unexplained damage to communications cables and the