so this is put value beings, policy culture back into the public eye. coming up next is planet after. so frank don't go away. the conflicts crises, every single connection mapped out shows the geopolitical reality. the on the board is what makes things the way they are mapped out, navigating a changing world. now on youtube, what's it like to come out when your married break of gender identity? how does on mental health impact, i love lives? how do we approach money within our relationship? so it is one of the few sources. this person can listen to content about sexuality

and sexual matters. i'm liza model that and i'm going to be exploring all listen more in a new season of mine. available on all platforms. in 1985, we were screwed and made cfc guesses have severely damaged chosen le, gas is from fridges, air condition isn't. has price had torn the massive fall into the shield, which protects us against uv radiation to just later countries around the world came together and then more than $100.00 substances responsible for the whole. and that saves the wage and major damage. today the ozone layer is on track to make a full recovery, largely due to the montreal protocol. just they ignored one things, nitrous oxide, better known as loss. and guess this stuff is no joke. uh it is in the past that can become now the just remaining spec to the ozone layer

and could undo one of the biggest environmental successes its humanity is ever experienced. and as if that wasn't enough, it's also super potent greenhouse gas that makes global warming and a lot worse. so why has no one talking about nitrous oxide? and how can we stop this stuff from building up in our atmosphere? you probably know nitrous oxide from these little canisters, but what is it into oh, is a colorless gas that's made up of nitrogen and oxygen? english kim is joel this priestly 1st synthesize that in $1772.00. and not the chemist test experimented with a gas and discovered that bracing it in makes you feel light headed. he called it laughing gas and the 19th century nitrous oxide became a real hit. it's so cold laughing gas parties which were basically a bunch of french people getting high on it at one of these parties, american dentist power as well as got the idea to inhale the gas as a painkiller. before having it tooth extracted. he introduced the method into

medicine where it still is use today. and apparently it hasn't lost any of its attraction as a potty direct either or has disability. this thing is levels of nitrous oxide was stable for centuries, but the amount we pumped into the atmosphere has increased by a staggering 30 percent in the past 40 years alone. there are many reasons for that and we get to them. first, we need to understand why this much nitrous oxide and i was here is a problem. well, nitrous oxide not only destroys the ozone layer, it also works as the greenhouse gas and trips the heat from the sun in the atmosphere. it's the 3rd most abundant greenhouse gas of the carbon dioxide and re sign. it's just no one really knows about it. somebody needs to be an advocate for the 3rd most important greenhouse gas. and so here i am. this is eric davidson. he's an environmental scientist who has been working on nitrous oxide for more than

30 years. we need to look under every stone to try to find ways to mitigate kind of or ignoring you. it is a bad idea. it's around $265.00 times better tripping heat than c o 2. and once it's in the atmosphere, it stays there for about $114.00. yes, accounting for about 6 percent of global warming, which doesn't sound like a lot. but when we have such a small window to stay below 1.5 degrees, every single emission, this is david canter. he researches how nitrogen pollution and fluid security connected. so where does all of this nitrous oxide, india, masvie or even come from around half of it comes from nature like forest ocean's or so is this is inevitable. what not inevitable is global warming, the 100 gets to more access the microbes than i was. so it are nitrogen into nitrous oxide. it's really scary. this is caroline or micro

biologist who researches how micro pts, and the environment influence one another. to more nitrous oxide. we release the woman the climate guess tomorrow night or something excites me release of the result of the not the really difficult situation to rebecca on top of that comes the nitrous oxide as humans reduce as a byproduct of bio bus, burning, burning fossil fuels or waste water for example, or because we still use it at the dentist, but these are by far not the biggest players. the biggest store is accounting for about 2 thirds of all human costs, nitrous oxide emissions. agriculture. humanity has this very complicated relationship with nitrogen. it is both an essential resource, right? our phone system does nothing without it. and at the same time, it is one of the biggest threats to the environment and human health, when in the way it's supposed to be in by the good old days pharmacist. when your composts are constant, find nitrogen to make their soil richer and nitrogen. but everything changed in the

early 20th century. that's when german chemist talbot and chi bush and to the message center and agree culture upside down. they later won the nobel prize for this. thanks to the so called how the process it was suddenly possible to produce massive amounts of ammonia fertilizer and put massive amounts of nitrogen onto our truck. in the last 60 is the amount of nitrogen fertilizer we use has increased 10 fold. this has made it possible to feed a growing population just we're over doing it a bit. every year we spread more than a $100000000.00 tons of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer on our crops. but only about half of it makes its way into the plants. the rest is taken up by different microbes and the soil which turn it into nitrous oxide. among other things, the i pcc estimates that for every 100 units of nitrogen applied at least one kilo is last as into o n. depending on where you are,

it can be much more. we found it to be as high as 3 or 4 percent in the systems where we were in the, in the sort of north central aisle that stephen hall and environmental scientists, research and greenhouse gas emissions from soil. and so there can be tremendous geographic variations. but as nitrous oxide goes out, the source also takes in and binds carbon dioxide to the number one climate killer . couldn't that balance it out in any of these corners? so it'd be an agriculture of systems. the ongoing emissions of nitrous oxide from the soil to the atmosphere can have a much greater negative impact on climate. then the most optimistic benefits that we might get by storing additional carbon. the other big players, the chemical industry accounting for around 14 percent of nitrous oxide emissions. here it comes as a byproduct when we make a depict and nitric acid. we need these for producing nylon cars. fertilize this or

explosives. in 28, seen the biggest blond into us admitted into o equivalent to the carbon dioxide pollution from 2000000 cars. in the coming decades, emissions are expected to increase even more if they are more and more people on the planet, we need more food to make more waste and products. that's why we need to think about solutions as most human make. nitrous oxide emissions come from agriculture, this is where we can expect the greatest success. so it's inevitable that there will always be some nitrous oxide emissions. question is, can we kind of redesign our agricultural system to make it much, much more efficient? and so that we can sort of the couple this food production, at least partially the couple, the food production from the nitrous oxide production, the biggest fix would be to waste less fertilize that we should use just as much as

needed when the crops needed. but we won't know what the right amount of nitrogen to apply is until the season is over. and so this is a real challenge for farmers, right? who have to, you know, maximize their long term income to say to stay in business. busy many farmers supply the nitrogen and fall off to the harvest. besides, it's easier to plow them into farms have less to do. let us know cons i growing the nitrogen just it's there until the early spring. and a lot of this last 2 of the environment optimized for slides less can also help, like adding nitrous occasion inhibitors that can slow down how quickly my troops transform ammonium. or especially coaching on the fluids lies that can delay the release of nitrogen in the soil and make it available when the plants actually need it. optimized for allies replications to not be beneficial. intensive deals, but it's also going to be beneficial, intensive,

microsoft side emissions changing the way we farm can also help like planting nitrogen 6 and crops, rotating crops, or applying the fertilizer as close to the routes as possible. sounds straightforward, so why aren't all farmers doing this? time is a very constrained in the decisions that they can make it constrained by regulatory forces. market forces, cultural forces, behavioral forces, knowledge courses, social forces, all of those actors shape would have found that doesn't this deal, right? as a farmer actually has a quite narrow decision making space. so it's complicated. what's much less complicated, it's reducing nitrous oxide, emissions from industry. all we need to do is put these little things into smoke stacks. we're nitrous oxide process through. they act as a catalyst and help break up nitrous oxide into di, nitrogen and oxygen foster. and they're extremely effective getting rid of almost all the nitrous oxide but not all companies do it. and there's in very

few countries. is there really a legal requirement for them to do it? that's not a technological problem. it's not really even an economic problem. it's basically a political problem. it's policies are in place, they can be very effective. 13 years ago, countries in the you implemented the nitrous directive, its goal was to protect water from nitric pollution. as a result, emissions from agricultural, sorry, was decreased by 21 percent. just policies like these are few and far between. we did a now analysis a couple of years ago of all of the nitrogen policies around the world economies. this one thing that shocked us in particular is that in agriculture, 2 thirds to 3 quarters of old policies incentivized or facilitate the commerce of nice. if you think back to the montreal protocol, why didn't they include nitrous oxide and why don't they do it now? they are reluctant to take on nitrous oxide because it comes from agriculture and

because there are also some natural sources and then complicates the issue. so again, it's complicated, we still trying to come up with solutions that work within the current system of production, which makes sense. we're going to need to continue produce a lot of foods for the well, we're not going to change boot systems overnight for sure. but part of the science for the community is, responsibility should be in shining a light, showing us the wasteful way than what future will of crude look like in different scenarios, we will never be able to totally cut and to emissions, but reducing them is possible. and urgently needed. so what do you think we should do in order to investigate nitrous oxide emissions if you like this, but ill give it a thumbs up. and if they curious about more time, it's helping subscribe to this channel. we post videos like this, every friday of the

machine built for discovery and use a circular tonight. it will lead into new age, the breakdown taken care of physics to the next level, the future today, the dw rodolfo has a dream. once the children in a time, not in village in venezuela, to be able to read right and do arithmetic. but how can you make a history and come true when he's working all by himself and with no support from the state, the school in the, in 45 minutes on

d w. the we say there is never giving up every weekend on w w. this is the, is available to them and it has never been since the germans, which i couldn't some more to say. you just click away sign the best document and you

really see the world as he's never seen it before. the stride no teeth dw documentary she shrunk to super stardom quickly after she was discovered in 1974, the members of the archaeological expedition who found her name to her after a famous beetle song, the lucy came from a group of hominids closely related to our own, she lived over 3000000 years ago and was right, like we do. and that's not the only link to modern humans. this time around, we take a trip from the depths of the past to the depths of the universe. welcome to tomorrow . today.