as we said, there was never giving up every weekend on d w. this is dw news africa coming up on the program a 140 years after you are p and pause and mats to formalize the scramble for africa as land labor and natural resources. what's the legacy of the berlin conference today about the subject as active as sky, the in the land, to commemorate the colonial conference and demand a new way forward in dealing with the subsequent injustices we discussed the impact the berlin conference had on africa. jew in colonial times and beyond. what about and conference did was that it created countries that were essentially built to fail that so they can see at the conference and not reading what's

important to people to understand today. and, and nigerian born on says challenges perceptions of african art creating works that speak to the world while pondering his routes. it is very important for me that's on that's walk is smotts viewed us on offer kind of part better of the 1st one for most viewed us on not the i'm told me on like the welcome to the program or how did one conference reshape an entire continents destiny for generations to come. a 140 years ago, you have been paused, got together here in berlin to decide on the rules of engagement as

a claims territory in africa. jeremy's chancellor auto front bismark called the berlin conference at the request of belgium's king loophole the 2nd to wanted. the congo basin, as his private property was so called scramble for africa by the europeans, often led to disputes between them. but the berlin conference provided a platform to iron out those issues. however, no indigenous advocate of representatives attended the negotiations. african leaders had no say and what was happening to the homelands. meanwhile, the violin conference gave a boost to the european seizure of african land. a result is blatantly disregarding african sovereignty and leading to the re shaping of the continents borders. societies and future of germany has long promoted what's known here as memory culture. it's culture of remembrance, in reference, particularly to the atrocities of the nazi era. but it's history of africa hardly

features now active as the looking back at the $1884.00, but in a conference and its aftermath through a series of events and exhibitions to examine this crucial event. i went to have a look as scholars, activists and other professionals, and mostly from africa and the diaspora gather to discuss the past and its impact on the present. they're brought together by the berlin based civil society collective known as the colonial a, which works to shine the spotlight on billions colonial history and keep its legacy in focus. the berlin conference of 188485. i was even when it happened. very consequential for the african continent and infantry it continues to be so simply because the consequences, the repercussions office has been ignored broadly in germany. you know,

number one is obviously the type of anti up like racism. and so colonialism has not entered the memory called culture, and you're on germany, broccoli, and that's why we hear it is important to have such anybody to talk about, you know, can look us from 0 to come. the point of the ability to talk about the violence is that still a good one to talk about neil colonialism and also to inform us and to learn from each other. where do we see colonialism in issues like said in issues like international uh, development and issues of age and so on. and so it was right here, a 140 years ago with the european colonial powers gathered for the battle in africa, conference of a building where they met no longer exists. it was damaged, and world war 2 was late. demolished. what does exist, though, is this plaque,

which commemorates the event and contains some important historical information, but it's easy to miss as one walks past here. and that's somewhat symbolic of the way in which the berlin conference and his lasting legacy is. i remembered in this part of the world this modest display at the sight highlights the african resistance to the european colonial scramble. as well as the ongoing civil society efforts to keep the conversation alive. as part of a series of exhibitions arranged with berlin's museum foundation, that's the nicholas church. now, a museum there to exhibitions on various aspects of colonialism. and is the legacy including who is honored or ignored in european museums.

while we really hope the memorization commemoration of colonial but also anti colonial history in europe and in germany, we chose to the balloon conference was sort of that it moves more into the main stream into the center of society and become sort of like normal part of memory culture that gets acknowledged that ultimately finds its way into the curriculum that hasn't gone very far yet. so we hope that in a way, also to accept that this happened to you and not to be in denial because broad society is a part of society, is also in denial on the consequences of colonialism. so the 2020 full berlin advocate conference concluded with strong demands from the panel of experts on issues ranging from human rights to trade. as a call for europe and pause to account for the colonial legacies and

not joined by default following journalist end of the of the book, africa is not a country. welcome to the program depot. now, in your book, you make the link between the colonial era and its impact today. when you look back up this, the billing column, friends, and a 140 years on. how would you sum up this kind of collaboration if you would describe it that way or yeah, i think for me and thank you for having me today. i think for me, the most important thing is using this. i don't should see to remember what happened at the, by the conference and how it is impacted the foundations of what in africa. i think it goes beyond simply just commemorating the subjects acknowledging it happen, but ensuring that's going forward. this event is at the core of, you know, what we teach the young people about the history of colonialism and the impact of that had on 54 countries across africa. i think there's such

a misunderstanding of the importance of this event. a lot of people just assume that it simply wasn't events in which, you know, colonial powers came together and, and chose which costs of africa they wanted. but actually, that isn't the case. what do you know? what actually happened was that they set about the series of rules that we go about how they would call up the concepts. and also importantly, they created these stereotypes about africa is being savages and civilized people who don't civilize communities. and this idea of confidence. and so for me to really, really essential thing isn't showing that, you know, this remembrance is an opportunity for us to actually inject into our, into our schools and into a common society. which would be to learn more about the realities of what the battery conference did and the impact the colonialism has had across the concept. before we go into the, the legacy, how would you respond to people who see this kind of conversation and say well,

that happens so long in the past? we need to move on. yes. so, you know, i think for me, the most important thing is understanding our history is key. so we don't make the same mistakes looking into the future. and that has been one of the problems with this discussion is that we do not understand the history. and so therefore, we keep making the state in the states into it currently. and, you know, we see a lot of evidence that we're going to keep making the same mistakes into the future . we keep talking about because it's one big country we keep to back because it's a place that people can still be just go in and take from whatever they like. we keep told that african, the way in which the colonial is told about africa as a place of people who call themselves and who will help this and have no agency of that road. and so that is why these conversations are important. it's not simply, you know, historical discussion that it's occurring, motor and discussion. it's essential to our understanding of the ongoing

conversations around retarding stolen on to facts. for example, you know, these things are linked together. and so it's not simply just something that happened 140 years ago, a lot of the legacies of that conference and what ensued and speaks to our current present reality. and that's why we essential for me that as many as possible, understand the realities of the about and conference and the impact that it's hard on after the countries to the state. it can you break some of that down for us, some of the, the impacts, whether the social, cultural or whatever else as a result of food biling conference that we still seeing to this day. i such yes, absolutely. um, it says, as i mentioned earlier, you know, one of the 1st things that the attorneys at the corporate said was that they decided to come up with a meant to justify going in at the end, stating the line for themselves. and they've sent, explores into the regency, told them that africa was a, you know, a wonderful place full of incredible communities and natural resources and

artifacts. and so i decided to, they were going to go in and steal the land and steal these all types themselves. and ruled over these people they needed, they knew that they needed to come up with some sort of justification as to why they should be allowed to do it. and so they came up with a minutes that africans, with savages and civilized people who couldn't acosta themselves. and so as a result, the closure this were coming to save applicants for themselves and to introduce what they called the 3 seas, which was homeless, christianity, and civilization. and then after agreeing upon the rules in which they could go in there and essentially, you know, as long as you could full swim, published on the a will be with the 1st european country to arrive on a piece of land you could have that landfill. so they set about 2 violence. we see that in the co creation of the congress states. and what we now know is the democratic republic of congo, where as it was also keenly and both rain but half the population were killed by about 10000000 people. we see that 5 inch in the divided room policies that are created, especially by the british created particularly large countries like the one i mean

now major. yeah. which has over 250 different languages and in the multitude of ethnic groups and the prey to these countries with as many different groups as possible to create as much instability as possible within these countries to make it hard for these countries to exist. beyond colonialism and then we see it through, you know, for example, the board is as well. um, the straight line board is the tool through ethnic groups, about 10 percent of all of the board in africa. and sorry about, that's kind of what it was not forget, uh, it'd be just straight lines and the split up about 10 percent of the eclipse across the region. if you could imagine how devastates it would be for these communities. and so, you know, sort of mentally, it's important to remember that what the button conference did was that it created countries that were essentially built to fail about. so they could see at the conference. and that's really what's important for people to understand today when, when we think back about this and, and you mentioned some of the, the,

the horrors that happened during colonialism. why do you think when that topic is brought up, there is a kind of reluctance to, to discuss it. that'd be for a lot of people think. yeah, certainly i think for a lot of people they tied they tied claims into their own personal identities, especially in the united kingdom where the idea of the british empire, a processing integration to something that they all meant to be extremely proud of . and that is something that they grew up with, you know, learning culturally in communities. and there was a lack of education in schools about the realities of colonialism and what it actually meant. and so, you know, if it for too long people have thoughts acquainted as a s and the you know, this sort of trade agreements between countries. you know, they don't have much time to 5 minutes of a hot to click it isn't, you know, this time the big impact that it is hard on communities across africa. you know,

they don't, they don't understand just how devastating, clearly, some has been for so many people. and i think that's where a lot of the reluctance as guys come from because you know, you'll, you'll being told to learn something completely different to what you understood. growing up in that for a lot of people can be, you know, pretty, pretty disciplined and difficult to, to get your head around. um, but you know, my hope is that, you know, people would choose to take these things past me and instead they will, they will feel the past or, you know, i appreciate you for actually understanding, you know, what actually occurred during this time and, and having a better understanding of a shared histories. how has this conference impacted the way? are these former colonies, particularly african colonies on us that you know place themselves in the well today, when it comes to just international interaction. and we deals with don and trade

and international politics and all of that. or yeah, i mean, are, you do still have, you know, a lot of countries across africa who have strong ties with the former, you know, colonial um, colonial rule is um, but also the way in which the conference created these countries, as i said, you know, these countries were essentially built to fail, and these countries were essentially created as business arrangements. and so that is what the functions of having to reckon with up until today. and the way in which countries are considered when it comes to sort of the trade deals. and you know, when it comes to the way in which, you know, we are treated, it really has had a lingering impact inside the negative impact on our ability to present who we are to the rest of the world's individual hundreds. and that is really the legacy of, of the filing conference. you know, it really started something that has been,

you know, devastating one after. and i think when you better understand that, then you start to see how can cause he's very different. and you saw it's actually been been, you know, what, an incredible job the 60 is people from across the continent have done in spite of what they inherited from from the could you hear you travel around? do you do talks at schools and you speak to to, to young people about this issue? what are the common questions they ask you? yeah, i do, you know, it's, it's one of the most exciting parts of, of does this journey i've, i've gone to it as an officer is being able to talk to young people and you know, a younger generation don't tie their identities to claim it isn't all fascinated by the realities of on and i forget that they ask questions about, you know, my own identity might not bringing nigeria. they ask questions about, you know, why it's taking so long for us to, to,

to better understand the realities of plagiarism. they want to know more about the, the, the ongoing debates about the, the, you know, the still in non spots and, and, and they want to know how they can get involved in these discussions. you know, that comfortable with conversations around race and identity and history including this. and so they want to be a part of these discussions they want to, you know, get involved and you know, and that is something that, that's really pretty often. and i think that's the importance of education for me. you know, i see that when you go and you speak to people who do not tied these things to their own particular identities. and then as there is this openness to really want to see a change come about, okay, people find journalist and also it's been very interesting getting your thoughts. thanks for speaking to us. thank you so much for having me.

in recent years there's been a search and the number of young major and leaving for better opportunities abroad as a country faces huge. the come on the challenges, but the grass has not been green on the other side for all who left at as dw only. so i took them a report from lagos, so i'm not even finding the way back a home again after a student in the u. k, you make out orange it is one of the few young nigerians well returned from leaving and studying abroad. like many others, he had gone seeking better opportunities. what do you make? i says he wasn't prepared for the challenges. he studied screen writing in london. but afterwards he found it hard to get to work. he took all the jobs to make ends meet. but after 3 years, he felt it was time to go home. when i was there, when i felt my dream is like i had surgery and as time went on, i just felt like my dream is i just shrinking because i wanted to best fits what's

their idea of what i could be. i just realize that, you know, i don't necessarily have to have all the clouds. i don't necessarily have to have all the experience. i can come back on since people what i know, which is a lot you make. i experienced a culture shock. he was homesick. the right, but who knew that coming back after being abroad wouldn't be easy either. in nigeria, it's often seen as failure or honestly it's okay. it's okay while before i was like, ok, i want to come back and goes, you know, the whole thing or she mind, well, i wouldn't encourage everybody's and make the same choice. i did. it goes to be honest, it's increasing choice for a lot of people. i was old. i like ways this is, is it was, this is the side all choice. now he's illegals. leaving out his dreams, teaching him probation to us by our we actors like the crowd here. nigeria as

population is young, 70 percent. the under the age of 30, but many are leaving doing jack black, which is a slang for running a week. the country's economic and other problems mean they feel they have no few choice you think going over it right now? i think it's almost to mr. strange, you know, to leave the country as of right now. so you have possibly because of the, my profession. and i don't see like fuel dots under the back. i'm do it's, it's in a different country. you, personally, i just want to like experience. well, that's an old shows that go through. i don't want major ads to be my only we have more than 3000000 people have left the country in the last 2 years, says 90. you asked me christian service, which has issued a record number of passports, development experts, save people who leave could have the pot to play in the countries gross. they wants

the government to do more to make returning home. why attractive? some of them have are correct. q because when i brought good to the west on, well, the learn skills been been lead the lend things that they couldn't get from here. so it's important that with frontier to practice telling people who have left. well, let's think, how did bring them back to come up, log into why industries here you may count, wants to be part of those. we trying to make things better. taking the decision to move back what's called, what do you have support from his family? absolutely happy to have him back. extremely happy him knowing that he could come home and they wouldn't be that report of or you waiting to wait. wait, and the consequences come back. the different things that you can do it. so hard decisions, but i know regrets whatever you make, i says he's here to stay. i'm feeling well if you're more comfortable, i feel happier. the guy says what month us. and the more than anybody else is

opinion of what i should have done for the opportunities abroad, continues to attract so many young let jerry and what's the most we told and some have found success and a home abroad, including here in germany where one i do in born artist is aiming to change your opinion, perceptions of african art, while challenging deep social issues like racism, and immigration, dw, of a walk outside side has this report. as a blog artist, printing block images for a white audience. for to do kabibi. it is not about his race, it is about his walk. it is very important for me. that's on that's walk is not viewed

us on optic on ok. but the rod at 1st and foremost viewed as on how to walk this mission is to create a different ok. we from this in the knowledge of what african art is perceived us in you as a child was to be gone, drawing on signed with his finger because he didn't have access to painting materials. it makes me happy that as a child to know my 2nd, my primary school, and they are calling me young artist every day to dispense 12 hours in the studio near cologne. for him set into right, i'm be and it's important the

so i started experimenting with go last week bent. and luckily i, i came to distribute technique. and since then, this has been my trademark in a dripping technique, lexus. this is head sold, hundreds of paintings around what. what does the paintings, how deep meanings then how it is colorful in the frame? he says he lacks his artwork, a truck. his view was before the understand, the meaning. this painting is about dr. floyd, a victim of police brutality into us free. so what was important for me was not to get the face off direct flight. i just tried to, to capture about more meant that the needs that somebody was needing on his head.

he sees he wanted to touch light even though he had lived in gemini for 30 years. he still gets is pilot biased and then do the route to him. everything is a piece of thought from the shoes to the floor. he drops page on on the pallet african. i come from africa, i'm proud of my all region. but 1st and foremost, i'm not just the same goes for to this walk. the hopes that in the future is walks. awesome. awesome. just part in not a soft weekend of the and we leave you with more hot these images of traditional hand painted art on hots in montalvo and south west ends in broadway. and a new initiative is attempting to make this commercially viable for the office. we'll see you next time,

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