of the kind of have something to say about smaller issues. and i think this dedication to the smaller issue is, is what risk you with a lot of the lifestyle that we can still see today. the no, no, you're good. i'll

get those 90 bucks in the tundra. a man without a wife is no longer a man. so you kind of leave alone. but if a woman's husband dies and she's left alone, she'll survive easily. she knows how to do everything so that she cares for the rain dea and for the children really, and make sure that there's enough. i would use the use of what i'm use. i just me a message then she can also dismantle the chums we sleepin. so with the well 30 would you assume the only important thing is that someone goes ahead of the 1st and not the brigade or renee, but the do you think you just follows them? she can take care of everything for you, just not a tod, for a man to dive in the tundra without a woman. he doesn't last that

we will look into a new little show as nature here used to be on touch, tired, but the most the with now they're destroying it, but they're gas players and they're emissions from you, but i forgot. so tell me what that was william tony was was it's impossible to live near above and then come off with methodist. i'm was it. there are plumes of steam and dash from the gas players spread over a 25 kilometer radius of the would they do what? and then there's all the dots spent on a and isn't it that, that doesn't just rise up and burn it till you get up and it was in a fit stays in the air and lands on the ground again within a radius of 25 kilometers. what the, what address and what's that you meant that there is no longer any grazing land around both and then go over some of over against just a huge gas field to let them know the rest of the world. i've been there many times that a method of these days,

it's much warmer there than it is here. seems this is pretty inside. we're sharon such as this, the nice return earlier than they do here. hopefully they come with the warm air dump and it's all good when we arrive, the geese are already there is no it's i don't know what the future holds for us to me. i have no idea. and the most of the hydrocarbons that are in the arctic are located on the russian side. and those will be developed those that's what's driving our current climate problem . and so it's kind of ironic that obviously as, as arctic opens up and you can now start drilling and extracting more resources,

just oil and gas, and that's just going to for the amplify the climate change that we're going through the, with a lot of methane is produced in the river valleys. in the meantime, i want to know the appointment, but i sure can you go to that? what do i have to do after it rains? the clay soil is soft and low and the surface becomes crusted. which will motivate? yeah. and when the reindeer tread on it and then the ground starts to move, the clay soil is 50 centimeters deep underneath the sand and then comes the permafrost, and then with the or

the, your warming arctic of summer spouse or all the permafrost areas, or sewing. and that's going to affect all the plants spaces as well as the animal spaces in the arctic as well. dice has nothing faster, the permafrost assigned fast. i mean, all of these are interconnected. the issues that are traditional indicators of how they understand the climate system. how they understand storms in ice conditions and species migration, all of it is changing as a result of climate change because i think the pace that we're seeing today in the changes that are happening arctic is so fast, much faster than anything that's happened in the historical past so that's why their traditional ways of knowledge aren't working anymore. the

not what, what you, what, what they probably want is the water came up to the top of the steep incline. then it's saying i will flush, that's how the slope was created. by using the grantham shuffle to move now it's difficult to get up there with a loaded sled, but it's only non preparing our sleds. often tip over to turn around here, the water level has stayed the same. phones we keep going towards the kara, see where it gets stronger now. yes, it was after the next rain, the bank will collapse too low to cover what the, what's the advantage of getting this off when the sand is soft. and so when it rains a lot, when the banks collapse with when i wish we knew that one record your fate,

sometimes we have to dig with spades. want that so that the reindeer sleds can get up or down on top of the month, we have to be able to ascend and descend. i need someone to this is probably the most difficult passage just goes with each brigade has its own routes and its own grazing areas where you publish it. we don't want to get in each other's way inside the room. and if you can't sleep because of the noise of the gas flare, so you could have the phone the chiller vehicle or show stuff which we're not sure because we have no choice. we have to get used to it, pushing us more than a 100. at some point tiredness over comes you and video and you fall asleep despite

the noise. the, as the industrial infrastructure in the email has grown, the grazing areas have shrunk dramatically. the the the in the winter of 20132014 was normal very deeply with the moon. but then

a sudden saw set in with fog and rain you know most good after you know your bonus, you tell me the temperature rose to 5 degrees celsius. 50 and the snow started to melt federal but you with you push it to save and then it snowstorm came in from the north. that means to attend the temperature dropped to negative $25.00 degrees. i didn't even start with the it became difficult for the reindeer to find food for the mirror and there was a blue ground was covered with about 30 centimeters of snow by stuart. that of near and half of that snow was actually ice. the getaway the now for the 1st 2 or 3 days,

the reindeer somehow managed to cope nothing. but on the 4th day when it was and they ran off in all directions, it lets us in motion to immunize our whole family helped us with our combined efforts. we managed to catch up with the reindeer, but more a long way from the chum where we were sleeping is too much. now, but we drove them back to better pastures. on some of the hills, the reindeer were still able to find like in to eat. with them, that's how we survived that difficult time. nothing is funded. we hardly slept the whole time to go because they didn't all go little short the name of what we lost about 200 reindeer, knew that many of them died. 3 ways to may scattered in all directions and some of them ran towards the settlements. we'll see you see what's happening

through the menu. so if we hadn't joined forces and god help from our friends who live in the settlement, they wouldn't have survived specialty in some cases, whole herds of reindeer have died from malnutrition of teachers, wellness to what if i knew it was a difficult time the some with get a way to mess with the most important thing for us is to have control over the price of meat before you see so we have to go and meet with the agriculture industry. the district administration and the ministries give them the summer. and yet,

spriggs have come across drilling rigs just 50 or 60 kilometers into their journey . where are they supposed to go to? you know, successful the so that if you only want you to our money, you can set up programs to support the herders willing to use things reaching on your for your program. he missed the only so the 1st and foremost randy are hurting is a way of life and the shapes, the way people live. it's their tradition of their culture and because they provide us with valuable meat and the states supports them to the state by the meat, from them for $450.00 roubles per kilo. the retail price is lower than what the state pays the herders. filling it, discuss gift cards and stuff all through the summer. he says that you're going to raise the price of rain during me to $450.00 roubles. so slaughter as much as you can some with the only 2 with media runaway, i said to him, what are you doing? you're ripping people off in order to get that stuff. but know that we've been negotiating an acceptable price for 5 years, so that the reindeer herders can make

a good living with them both on the menu. because now there's some decision that the meat will cost $450.00 roubles a key low. well, you don't ever pay that price for meet sensitive data. they keep telling us to slaughter more animals the but only to reduce the range your population more annoying a little, but you might so, so that's what it boils down to. their real goal is to reduce the size of the reindeer, hurts me, the voice that within the next week, i know the purpose of the dougherty, the special guest with it and was as good as the settlements are growing. and of course, that's a good thing. you are still a is growing gas problem is helping to build homes get in gospel. that's interesting, of course with it because i just need to deal with that in a world of them. but i don't think the reindeer herders are getting much out of it

. if i get you to so it's good that the children go to school. what to do there are boarding schools being built was to probably with money, from gas problem to do shipping. and so with the budget can just pull my move and go into the pleasure of seeing bibles with the boarding school system was set up a long time ago and got them over what's been around for a century. and i don't for folder nice and youtube, even our grandfathers went to boarding schools like them. the more status built up was a blip in that way for a very long time the. the was so then you have to move. there's really no other option. hoist parents and even their youngest child, the boarding school and they because they want them to get an education time you go to that one year it's so but i think it's the only way the

table with the actual values to modern reindeer herders have to be able to read and write at the but the most, the one goals and they have to be able to understand how things work to move. so what we just, i see of what, what they do for centuries, the majority of reindeer will disappear. right, that's a look at any student and then only a few of our grandchildren, they look maybe 2 or 3 blood teacher will be left in the tundra with that reindeer . the, the future a brigade one is in the hands of the younger generation to we monitoring in durance and speed are all those are important here. the media kind of so good. i'm good at last. so throwing to the fishing and everything else,

you need to survive. resume. i'd close her. no. yes. when range are separate from the heard. do you have to go looking for them and bring them back to me with them? you've got you dumb, dumb way. pretty sure sure. yeah the the i'll stay here cut your continue to live in a matic life on the tongue. dress them though, but as in with the files that summer has come to an end

date you can, you know, when i was in the employees who are on the

the the

as always on september 1st our family welcomes it's new students today. there are 202 1st graders. oh dear 1st graders. i wish you luck and success. when someone comes on you cause you to for the children who come from the tundra and you have lived with their families in small communities. if at all things can

be a bit difficult at 1st for the kid. but what's happened with that? cuz we have over 1500 children here working suddenly they're a part of a large group. so sometimes they can feel a bit lost to a given. usually it's a vocal, it just, it is that the, the, the you still may have been doing these new changes needed to broaden the horizons of young and yet what shape the shorter can get us onto the focus of i need to k exact soon and yet have university degrees in store, people have actually between one and 2 of you to the children of the tundra hood is have limited options when it comes to profession, sample supplies without the full a veterinarian. we do work a good understanding of what the teacher is. my fee should or was i to hear from

you crew. it was be thought and those who teach these children think of them as having limited cognitive ability for years before this virginia or did they make no effort at all to improve the children's level of education recommended to me and you have the money for example, that helps them get good grades and go to university on size. it's a vicious circle of symbolic, but there's still a couple inches on the tube or you move to. she has the nomadic way of life may disappear altogether. so it's already on the verge of dying out one. ok, it's a new book. it may stagnate. you mean you, but you may soon be completely gone. let's

go to a show, but it will most likely 50 percent of our population will become sedentary. in the future, you'll see a little bit of a news to what people do if they can no longer breed reindeer. my show, the shape we're seeing you have to we're going to extract more and more hydrocarbons from the sea and condition. should we be doing that in the arctics and what it's getting used to it? and the answer is a clear yes. you study, it's a good thing about what you guys problem is working on it. and what was the name of some of the company? i guess the northern sea route is being actively explored at the deal. at the last

slide. let's see up to see about how many miles were on the northern sea route will continue to be developed. picking this out the road that i think that by 2050 in the arctic shells belonging to russia and other countries will be unimportant in global supplier of hydrocarbon in the city. yeah. not nearly every the, the silly and the other name yet. don't know what the future holds, but it will certainly involve dealing with climate change and the other consequences of gas extraction. the maintenance will have to rely on their strengths, their knowledge of nature, and their resilience. only then will they stand a chance of continuing the nomadic way of life they practiced for generations.

infections the nature recovers quickly. doesn't tolerate destruction appeals quickly just like a wound in the body. he or things may not change much in the next few generations. a gas isn't then exhaustible was this, eventually it will run out. after that, the earth will recover and be even better than before the rest of the show, which one more moment the

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this is the w news of life from berlin, as long as fighters advance and a surprise offensive in northern syria. rebel units celebrate after entering the 2nd biggest city, a level, hundreds of reported debt and battles with government forces. also coming up protesters clash with leads for a 2nd night in georgia. as anger grows over the suspension of talks on joining the european union and or bunker's back germany's vestiges of the cold war and world war 2 have largely been destroyed or repurposed with russian aggression on the rise . there's.