the on the everyday things around us. when did they come from when, why did they have all the time? we can just search the day and take them out where i mean, that's the, there are nearly 10000 earth quakes every year. and another $50.00 to $60.00 volcanic eruptions to that nuclear tests. we know this because they're highly sensitive monitoring stations around the world that sometimes scientists encounter a mystery. call them and the more on this edition of dw science show. welcome to tomorrow. today, the here in the middle of the forest in the south west and germany does a very special research center. the black forest observatory

o b s o. it's an ideal location for measuring seismic waves. the vibrations that travel through the us to somebody's moments has a house in an abandoned mind deep within the mountain side. perfect conditions for detecting even the faintest rumbles beneath the surface. it seems a p if with deep inside the, surrounded by black forest, granite spots a very strong and dense rock which shields all sized moment has from outside influence. the temperature here is very stable and they're all pressure. looks that shield to size, moments has from atmospheric pressure variations, and obviously i guess it's geophysicist thomas for the guy and his colleague rudolph smith mesh need to take a moment to the saw he's moment says which most the record signals from of quakes box in september 2023. the somebody's moment has picked up and i'm familiar signal . it was nothing like an earthquake, which a p is brief bus from the sound track. the signal was more like a continuous,

monotonous how to, how many i know this is one month of the day, so converted into sound. when you books in this room, you can tell streets away that this signal, this somebody's mic. wave is highly unusual for chrome. is present, there is not us quakes time on goals, the big ones at 1st, he couldn't listen to the sound but noticed the unusual vibrations in the recordings . it was a sunday and he was at home. he took a look at the data coming in from the b, f o and was puzzled bibles. he saw how the biggest, why you, for this i really wondered whether something might be broken. so i check day. so coming in from another measuring station far away in the us, i am still the same signal that oh, hunger show from that is confirmed. it wasn't a defect of thoughtful husband, but it was real class. at least it was

a strong signal on the stand. it was detectable world wide that was different from anything i'd ever seen before. so we're not always confident. it was an unusual study or sedation that was persisting for non, usually long time. 7 days after it was supposed to take to it was still registering on the sized moment to the 2. g or scientists decided to collaborate with other researches from around the world to determine it's thoughtful. after a few days the trail, let them to the dixon fuels on green lens, eastern coast. around the same time, the size make signal appeared. a 200 meter high megabytes to know me how to code. it was triggered by the collapse of a mountain peak, causing a mess of lamps light into the fuel. danish geologist, cruise gm, spend the vic suspect to the connection between the 2 events. we've been work now fargo just trying to combine these 2 and it's going citing phenomenon to find out

houses. the giant land slanders odami code calls this very strange size me signal that has never been obsessed before. this rain dots are filled with the most, represents the fuel, the lamps, light generation, a mass of waves that searched out of the field tsunami. went on the sides. and then the votes have pushed forwards by the alarm slide. search to will the opposite rule of the field. it pumped into that hole and bouncing off it should pretend i'm to bounce back again. come to me. so the waves was flushing back and forth in the narrow fjords, screeching a standing wave, a sage understand that. i'll try to recreate the effect with this room state on to or you can do this with this cell solution generated, sorry to make energy causing ground vibrations. that were detected across the world and had to go like a single tom. it's likely that land slides and the take will become more frequent

as a result of climate change. just below the bank and see peak that part of the collapse . there was a glacier in the gully and the glacier retreated into a, you know, the past decades. and that ended means that the, the mountain top lost it support and collapsed so we can kind of trace it back to climate change that we see this in a new area that i think where we haven't looked before means that we have to look a lot broader for these types of the climate change, the just asked us that we have a similar landslides in the central west greenland where they've cost human lives. so the next time a land slide leads to a standing wave, the scientists here in the black forest observe a tree. we'll have a better understanding of what caused it record heat year after year and 2024 is no exception. according to the european climate agency,

it's virtually certain to be the hottest here on record. for the 1st time, global temperatures have surpassed 1.5 degrees celsius above pre industrial levels are glaciers or melting. can they be saved? and what would happen if they disappear? the timing through snowing ice on the planet's colors peak in a world without glaciers, this could become a distant memory without ice to service clue mass of walls of rock could crumble. this outline high perched on the switch, placed through, make disappear. and if the rocky debris falls into the lakes formed by meltwater, we could have catastrophic floating, which could even clean lights the a world without glaciers. what would that mean? that's what they think. if there's no glaciers would signal a catastrophe, but that would only be the beginning thing uses by then we'd have triggered

multiple deployment, tipping points. and global heating would be so extreme that life on earth would be very uncomfortable. no. can you look at out, speak the thought to what would be left as a barren desert of debris, and that's the own. but an education we'd begin to reclaim the area surprisingly quickly within a few years or decades. grass this month and eventually small trees would start to grow was some punch, but how clean volume of offices this ice field and alaska is melting at an alarming rate. but a new green ecosystem is emerging to take its place. so nature as a whole would survive if glaciers disappear, but it would be a problem for us. human pollutants, once locked beneath the ice, would steep in to our drinking water and contaminate the swim without mount water drop would take hold. regents like the peruvian and these in central asia with loose or only 4th of water in the summer crops,

whitfield and people would be forced to be dropped as water levels dropped many rivers with no longer support shipping. meanwhile, other areas would face the opposite problem too. much water rising c, those would be the biggest problem explains mitchell has them 2 heads the world glacier monitoring service, along with glaciers, ancient ice sheets formed over thousands of years, would also mount it. only like if all the world's glaciers mounted sea levels would rise by about half a metres vehicle. but the real threat comes from the mouth of ice jeans and greenland and an article on agreements ice alone could raise the levels by 7 meters for me to the west and arctic. i could add another 7 meters mostly for me, and east, and artic, and nearly 50 meters a rise of just 3 meters and major coastal cities like casablanca and dubai would be flooded by would likely

vanish under water. could humanity for 5, a world without glacial. as we don't make a patient, there would be a negative impact. we'd have to adapt, especially with respect to managing water resources, electricity production, and river transport on full. still humanity would survive if glacier disappeared rather with beloved mathias closest. but you're studying the consequences of retreating glaciers. the changes to the environment and our ways of life would be profound. without glaciers to store water, we might need to build huge reservoirs in our place. there would still be rainwater to store in some places even more than today. and in massively expanded railway system could take the place of last shipping round. but is this the future were destined for the clean, the inside?

that is, if you, the climate models clearly shows that stained glass or 2 degree climate target could preserve most glacier in the middle. so, but if the temperatures rise by 5 date degree celsius are all, all architectures would be con, only glitch and wrecked. and this worst case scenario. glaciers will be extinct which 2 or 300 years. but even if we meet our climate target races will continue to shrink. so we'll need to adapt either way. in the meantime, there are steps we can take to help preserve our collections. for new products, we need to stop just talking and start acting. let's see, for instance, driving 250 meters with a gasoline engine mounts, one killer of glacier i like to. but the good news is by not driving those 250 meters, we can save that. cuba revised clicked. so in series humans as a space, these could survive a world without glaciers, but whether that happens is also up to us to slow down climate change.

we'll also need to on do some of the damage already done in the us around 3000000 or send oil well or rusting away. fuel have been properly plugged and many are releasing significant amounts of the greenhouse gas, methane, orson welles, oil wells, abandoned by their operators, are scattered across the u. s. landscape like this one in the wide open fields of montana in the countries northwest. there over 3000000 orson welles nationwide, most whenever properly the commission and many are now leaching police this into the water and air. curtis, chuck is an engineer in 2019, he launched a well done foundation, which has been working to plug or offend wells. the,

this is an open well bore and this is one of the 1st wells that i came across in montana like i was embarrassed for the oil and gas industry that in any universe that it was okay to walk away and leave something like this behind. so when i started the 1st do the calculation of math in out of these as like, you know, as a head scratcher, it's like, well, wait a minute, this can be rice, methane, a greenhouse gas has an even greater impact on global warming than carbon dioxide. curtis is trailers filled with instruments. he uses to monitor hundreds of wells and smells the gas mount over here. at the moment, he's measuring methane emissions a single well, can i get as much gas as thousands of cars? in addition to methane, there's all kinds of other bad stuff that's in there. things like i said, and propane and beauty pain, a pen chains and hack sayings, which are known cancer,

causing agent. selecting all these bore holes will take years, but the foundation is determined to make a start. after months of preparation, they're ready to tackle this well the the pipes are screwed together, forming a long straw that reaches the wells, bottom 200 meters below the surface. plugging a single well, costs $80000.00. we actually use estrada step estimate all the way to the bottom 1st and then we'll draw. the drawback out as that cement section is coming up. the wellborn cassie's like owns the land where the swell is located for families sold, the oil rides here many years ago as

a arm or i didn't even know anything was coming out of that. so usually you can't smell anything. you don't, you can't see anything coming out even in the winter time. there's that steam or anything, so i, i didn't know there was anything going into the atmosphere. cathy is great. grandfather started drilling for oil on this land and the 1920 is by the 1950s to begin selling the oil rights. today. several different companies are drilling for oil on the families land. i don't often know what company is pumping or working the difference in different spots on my land. it's changes a lot, some, some companies go bank wrapping it in the band with them in another company might move in and try again and start something that oil. well, but it's changed so many times over the years that you, it's hard to keep track what's happened here is common. many oil companies choose

to file for bankruptcy rather than cover the cost of decommissioning, their wells. back at the site, the pipe is in place and the cement is ready to be pumped in. at the end of the day, we'll see submit coming back to the surface. and that means that the gas has gone. the emissions have stopped and it's a great success. one well at a time and only $2000000.00 more to go over the next year. curtis shock plans to plug $200.00 wells. it's a massive undertaking, but only a drop in the bucket when it comes to the countries or for an oil wells. methane is odorless, so we can't smell it. but most methane used in industry and daily life contains an additive that makes it smell like rock megs. methane is highly combustible, so it can cause explosions. and it's

a health risk that he knows is that can detect methane leaks. hood health electronic noses already in use today, like in this private garden. the senses inside the device smith's out since molecules in the, in 24 hours a day. the electronic nose is very south across summer refinery in southern germany . this facility process is crude oil into gasoline and diesel fuel. occasionally, otis can be detected on the refinery grounds like the smell of crude oil. it's not a pleasant sense, but it's not home for hydrogen, sol, side, on the other hand, is much more dangerous. even small amounts can irritate the airways, while higher concentrations are extremely hazardous. that's why 9 electronic noses on duty here working around the clock. they continuously

sundays have to make size. lemma. heat closely monitored is every electronic nose, including the one in the nearby, gone all of these e noses function using the same principle as some few if she does. and so one for about we use for different types of senses each using different measurement principles to detect specific substance grades and stuff to, to, to do next of group or the green line represents sofa compounds found in crude oil on the gas for, you know, and the orange lines indicate hydrocarbons like gasoline and diesel been seen what a visa on people always. the blue line represents gases such as me thing which is a key component of crude oil. when the nose is displayed green, that means there are no significant changes in the air indicating that the facility

is uprising normally because it was of the so electronic noises did help this a catastrophe. but what happens when they smell something unusual? because lemme explains. otis can escape giving tasks like tank cleaning, for instance at tank 7. and electronic nose is monitoring the am. if dangerous substances are detected, the nose changes color and trigger is an alarm. because the door to the all me off in for this indicates a definite change in the as composition product. so i would notify the production department and have them check the area for any potential lease select with alsco. for me. i'm tongue. see, the refinery has a team of audi detection specialists on stand by for situations like this. monica

who josh how relies on to tools and mobile knows and own sense of smell, to use as the mobile egos to collect some data on site transmission. it live to massage lemme chosen, inspects the area herself, taking a careful smith via says we, i'm and we also rely on our own noses using our sense of smell to detect anything unusual yet to give a shift. because we're familiar with this sense. we monitor and know what crude oil typically smells like. it's easier for us to tell if an oda is abnormal or completely normal. monica hotel show has received specialized training and can detect even the slightest nuances incent. it's been getting into my examination is complete when another i know the mobile email is detect any unusual sense of unimed forward to protect workers and residents. electronic noses and human noses form the perfect team or

even the smartest machines still require some human help. but the shift toward autonomous systems continues. the latest generation of machines is intelligent, flexible, mobile, and even capable of learning. the 50 volts is on its way to work. this autonomous vehicle a hybrid of car and robots follows instructions from senses imbedded in the ground . today its task is watering trees. yeah, of us we had got the one we just saw was the task watering. it may look simple because it, it involves highly complex processes from 64, the city bought in drug development and pivoted on its chest is so healthy. it can even move diagonal, they're, they're kind of, you know, i use this position all they have from the sensor because it receives its task and

then proceeds to go to the assigned tree. i'm all stuck on on uh, just uh, this involved this highly automated machine is capable of much more. the developer believes that one day the city bolt will be able to trim hedges, collect garbage and deliver packages. the autonomous battery powered vehicle has a top speed of 50 kilometers our the city board will be valuable during labor shortages, but that's just positive it's potential. the broad goal is to address one of the biggest challenges of today and the future. this autonomous vehicle aims to make mobility emission free while also reducing traffic on the road. yeah, i'm not investing lucas, we sold inspiration from the most efficient logistical system and there is one from the human circulatory system. these yet, well i'll concept involves using controlling software to coordinate and control the

fits, you know, slight marion that we're on, on allowing us to reduce traffic control, somebody. currently the city boat is still in its on the jump training phase. the stadium here in frank set functions as a kind of low part tree under control conditions with minimal traffic. few of people. i'm just hello, a parade to monitoring everything in the background. terms if you're between, we have a variety of activities going on here. there's trades, people coming and going curious businesses and families out for a walk with a baby strollers. just stopping for taking a look, a phone go. and these are fairly typical conditions, but it's also a controlled environment. there are no foss moving calls, and everyone is mindful of each other. i'm going you could say i'm a human component ensuring safety and this will turn them a system because they'll always be situations and autonomous vehicle can't handle on it. so that is just gonna be, but similar to humans belong to you lives,

the more experienced you game, that's what we're practicing here for now, we tell us that he bought what the objective just saw is, but in the future, the goal is that this process to be fully automated using a i can start to develop a has a vision by 2040 of in traffic jams will be a thing of the past. instead, switching thoughts equipped with senses and seamlessly connected, 55, g will glide quietly through our streets. why do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer it on the show, you'll get a little surprise this the thank you. so come on, just ask this your question comes from bulky, sho. in south africa what is noise? is this noise for this?

and what about this? the lessons and expected sounds usually are perceived as noise. noise is sound that bothers us. what qualifies as noise can vary the same sound. one person and joyce might be noise to someone else. noise is also related to loudness. what a sound exceeds a certain volume. it's perceived as to loud. sound levels are measured in decibels or d b. for example, taking clock is around 30 decibels traffic, about 70 decibels and a jet engine at take off reaches a staggering $140.00 decibels. it also plays a role. high pitched or shrill sounds are generally perceived as more unpleasant than lower pitched ones. duration is another factor, the longer we're exposed to a sound, the more strain at places on our hearing noises. also sound that we're unable to

avoid. sound waves, travel in all directions. so what's not all that easy to escape the sound that's too loud can cause permanent hearing damage faster than you might expect. and constant exposure to noise also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. noise protection can help minimize the negative effect. this protection can be either direct or indirect. direct noise protection focuses on reducing noise edits source. for example, researchers are working on sound dampening road surfaces and noise reducing tires. speed limits can also do a lot to reduce traffic noise. indirect noise protection works by interrupting the spread of sound waves. sound barriers along busy roads are one example, and tunnels can also indirectly reduce traffic noise. and

that's all for this edition of tomorrow to date. we hope you enjoyed the show. see you again soon. the, the, the

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children are welcome to the.