said gradually, and then suddenly regimes they can also go bankrupt. consider bush or all of sons siri up for more than a decade. hassan root was marked by civil war, including the use of chemical weapons against his own people. the brutality had no end until it did. in hindsight, the power of assad ended gradually. and then it ended suddenly. i broke off in berlin. this is the day i the, the not is. it's clear to the chapter for syria has not yet been written in the outcome of the revolution as syria is not set. syrians have in georgia conflicts in nearly 14 years. they deserve a political horizon that will deliver a peaceful peut future. not more flood should come off necessary and citizens we hired for security and safety across all of syria to live in peace and comfort

without any extended interference. also coming up, alleged in climate for the uncovered by dw. tonight we have evidence that carbon credit is worth more than a 1000000000 euros. did not actually help curb greenhouse gases setting up a real project cost tens of millions. whereas faking a project just purely on paper like out of seen air, you only need to forge of basket of new documents. and you gain hundreds of millions of bureaus and return on to our viewers watching on cbs in the united states. and of all of you around the world welcome. we begin the day with reckoning, revenge and retribution in syria. on wednesday, the man who was attempting to feel the country's power backing him off in insight into what justice may look like in a post, a sog serious. today the leader of serious rebel, a couple of issues said there would be no pardon for officials involved in the

torture of people imprisoned under a saw off with l. sharah, previously known as of mohamed. how galani is asked other countries to hand over any officials who may have been involved and they've been in also fled from syria. now the 2 of us thoughts father, the late syrian president hafez assad, is also been set on fire images show rebel fighters watching parts of the month of liam burn in his hometown of the, in the i think he a problem that's followed by seems celebration and as the international community calls for a peaceful transition in syria and factions, backed by foreign countries, find for control and territory. we're gonna have more on that in just a moment. but 1st i asked the w, corresponded still a mentor in damascus about how people there and they'll feel about see me as new political power. who do i hear when i talk to people is that there is

really a wish for clarity these days. we really have to understand that this momentum here is really of a mental of uncertainty from when the one day to another. the old rules that have been in place for many, many years. not valid anymore on people who are here a little bit, waiting for, for what are the new rules and what will happen in the future. so they really wish for some clarity. and so i hear from some people, but they are at least positive. that things are leading in a force direction and that there are some steps taken by forming this into room government for example. but of course, some people are all very concerned as well. is the steps that are taken at the moment of really leading into a better future or just a different future. i'm gonna ask you about another, a part of the country in the town of cards. uh huh. the 2 of else did syrian

president bush, all the sides, father hafez, to route for nearly 30 years before him that that team was set on fire. how have the rebels, how have they been dealing with other symbols of the regime that was just toppled as we have to understand the could the is the village where the former president last saw to and his family or from it isn't the hard to the end of a lot, talk here and it is a region where many other ways of living. so it is a very or it was very violent action then dividing that message towards the old regime and they have been many other actions the last couple of days. maybe even if they were a little bit less linens, for example here, and i must, those people are tearing down old uh, images of big posters with the heads of houses over here on the sides. uh,

they are really destroying these things. was there a couple of days ago, royce, off, through the phone, if the regime people were storming the presidential palace here in damascus. there were destroying the furniture and just taking things out and really expressing the anger to what was the old regime. the future of serious, certainly at this, at this point in time is very uncertain. the people that you've been talking with do, did they tell you that they're confident that the is when this rebels will be able to bring stability back to the country? do they trust them to attempt it depends a little bit to, to who i talk and about what comes in like in detail when it comes to economic development. what i hear from people that they are a bit more positive and confident that things might lead to good direction. as the new prime minister had the, has promised that that should be an open market and that's your should be connected

to the global market again. so people are really hurtful for that when it comes to freedom of expression of freedom of rights. some people do mentioned that they are bit worried because they're not very sure that this, the new complimentary really emphasized on rights who as they are promising. because we have seen is that h a t s and has uh, in its government and it lip not often a or ways of photos, a freedom of expression. and there has been some, some discretion of the of people use is still a mentor in damascus for us tonight. still a thank you for on janelle by natasha lynch, dante political scientists and professor of international relations and comparative politics at the university of essex in english professor, it's good to have you with this. let me ask by getting your take on the signals

that are being sent out by the leader of the h t. s. militia, given the groups background as an outside the affiliate. so it's, it's really interesting the, the transformation that this group prior to your all shaw has had since they broke free from a major from that was an ok affiliated in 2016. in particular, we do recommend assure austin on this public relations campaign to to try to gain legitimacy to try to gain support from much of the rest of the world that, that the group has moderated. that they are, they only have really ambitions in syria. the organization has tried to syria, nice itself and, and that the group, the main focus was that it was n g. a saw that it was empty is womach state. and that it was in t iranian militias. when this group had governed in the province,

it had covered in a somewhat authoritarian manner. and there were concerns that there were human rights abuses that had taken place. but there was some limited religious pluralism . and officially, i'm sure all has stated that he wants all syrians to, to feel comfortable. he's struck a conciliatory tone, a series of very, you know, complex country in terms of its demographics. and in addition to being, the majority of syrians are arrows, but they're also curves and interpretation of syrians, armenians. and i'm sure all has trying to, to convey then all these groups will be welcome. so all of this type of language and rhetoric, of course is welcome use for you much the international need. that is i'm what is i in store for sure and transition? yeah, he's been described by some in the last few days is transitioning from easy hondas

to a fighter of hate to a guru of spirituality, some of these and called him the deep deepak trooper of the middle east. how credible, do you think this apparent transition is so mean can people believe and take him at his word to oh, it's definitely hard to say, but this transition has been taking place over the years. now. it's not something that just happened overnight. there's been a gradual transition in moderation of this group, as i mentioned since 2016. and as the organization has actually engaged in finding with all kate out with is womach state. it is clear that it wants to rid itself of some of these g hottest owns i think the bigger concern is whether or not this group and other groups are going to be able to, to run the country effectively and efficiently in such a way that they avoid the reemergence of these types of groups, these types of bio, non state actors that could try to take advantage of this political and military

vacuum. and not of course, is what's going to be a constant pressure. and it's, and it's not just, you know, honest groups that could emerge and try to take control. but there are other groups that already effectively have control over syria. and it will be critical that whatever syrian government that emergent has a monopoly or was legitimate use of force over its territory. let me ask you a little bit about. ready what happened in syria before it suddenly collapse and seems that the assad autocracy was a hollow shell, propped up by russia. and the ron does that mean the various non state factions, which controlled territory before assad, went that they were solved only ever solidly in control of their areas. so the kurdish forces that have been supported by the west to control the large parts of north eastern syria. and then you also have the syrian national army,

which is supported by, by turkey. and it controls the parts of syria and the north that, that border turkey as well. so you definitely have certain territories that are under the control of these different groups to, to what extent this is stable, it's hard to predict. but a saw didn't have full control, as you had noted. and overtime his military was under funded, it was not supported, it wasn't receiving training. russia got very distracted by its war and you create a course in your wrong was being depleted of some of its energy and was focused on what was going on in, in, in got an in loving on it. and so as a result, and also because i saw it was so inflexible and stubborn and unwilling to negotiate or create any kind of de tops with, with turkey. turkey was able to give,

these rebel rips the green light to go ahead with their bass. and they were well aware of the fact that a saw had been severely weakened and other other groups, other violent long state groups and more legitimate groups. do indeed have a control over the territory. will syrians will be determined to verify their, their future. and i ask that because of what we've seen in the past, and i'm thinking of russia, iran, turkey, the united states, the gulf states is real. they've all played a role in shaping and crafting the syria that we knew a will. they continue to do so. moving forward or so this is certainly the hope of the trouble organizations that they, they'll be able to form some sort of government that is free from the constant modeling and influence of russia overran of israel and israel at the moment is

already deep into syria. will pass the buffer zone, which they claim they are doing in order to neutralize the, the syrian navy and air force and so forth. so that there have been a constant mentally inserted, which i'm sure the relo groups and, and syrians would like to recall. there are over 7000000 stream using many of which are going to want to come back and they're going to want to shape series future. but we seen that in these political and military vacuums. like if you look at what happened in the case of libya, what thousands of militias ended up emerging and then jocking for power and controlling little bits of territory. there's just been costs and instability, their consumer case in human as well as these violent non state groups carved out their own territory. and it's difficult to establish some sort of compromise or power sharing agreement. so it will be critical that there is

bottom up pressure coming from syrians themselves to, to figure out what they want for their government moving forward. and to try not to allow too much for that. once professor natasha at least at the university of essex in england, professor, we appreciate your time and your insights tonight. thank you. a thank you for having the the end of the aside regime in syria. what does it mean for iran or shallow sod was more than a safe bet for the move. let us see where you made it possible for a run to project power via proxy stay run. could always send weapons directly to hezbollah fighters in lebanon, for example, syria played a strategic role in what is called the wrong access of resistance. but today you're onto the supreme leader spoke for the 1st time about the rebel offensive. it ended decades of dictatorship and syria, and no surprise, he put the blame on israel and the united states should

a year. that should be no doubt, said what has happened in syria is the result of a join to america. and then scion this plan, or you will have to be sure to beauty, the more you apply pressure to the resistance from the stronger it becomes the more crimes you commit to the multi site and it becomes a 2nd sure. and the more you fight against it, the more i think i found the alone and i tell you with the help and power of god, the scope with the resistance would encompass the entire region more than ever before. all right, i'm pulling now. been, have been to tell him he's a senior fellow, the foundation for the defense of democracies in washington dc. it's good to have you back here on the program, but we just heard this. the supreme leader is saying that it runs acts of resistance is only getting stronger. now that aside is no longer in the picture. i mean, what does he know that we don't know? mean, what's your analysis of that?

and it's a pleasure. be with you. well, in so many ways, this kind of hyperbole, it and brandy, ah, see what's expected. because this is harmony's 1st public speech after the fall of the sod regime in damascus. they will therefore little over half a century. and that was ron sole state ally in the middle east after the 1979. is monica the lucian. so they're trying quite hard to say face for a major strategic defeat. but i would say, respectfully, the facts tell a very different story, isn't that what mister accommodate seems to be saying here. if you look at the northern to your middle east, where the machine has crazy or co opted a whole host of proxies and many of them have lost the leaders to capabilities and are handicapped geographies, they operated to the fax style. a fundamental or ali akbar vill yochi a key adviser to how many, what's called a saw it is syria, and i'm quoting here, the golden ring of the resistance chain in the region. now i'm considering the

facts on the ground. would you say that it runs alliance? now has completely falling apart. well, not only was it the golden chain, uh, golden ring and matching, but you've had a whole host of other political, religious and military officials, issue similar statements about the central city of syria and these nomic republic of the runs regional designs. you know, it's a forward operating base for the regime security strategy, ideologically always in the region of pushing out foreign forces and doing everything a can to fight these rallies off into the last arrow to the last of city and or the last south asian. even sometimes, but, you know, making a mistake. those are, are, are words that have less significant amounts of ag on the faces of these revolutionary leads because they have lost that goal to break. israel's defense minister cots says that iran not only has itself to blame for the fall of a saw it, it'd be what, what do you make of that? or indeed it does is fundamentally,

this read the situation. i would say both regionally visa via more empower turkey, as well as locally with developments going on in northwest syria since that turkish broker of us a stale major ceasefire or deacon collection agreement. also from about 4 years ago, the russians had a role in that as well. and so because the actual resistance and fundamentally running forward and security policy under these non public is that about building a better order is not about stabilized states. it's actually that creating instability of managing chaos that come from that instability. they were fundamentally unprepared for what app is given, as well as military successes in the region and some os against as below. occasionally even against iran, back militias. any rock as well as twice to get started with these. this was indeed a game changer. and if we look at all the things that have happened, the actions of resistance largely being demolished, russia not being capable of defending one of his close friends. we know the

incoming us president donald trump very hostile to the writing machine, just help vulnerable is iran and it's nuclear program. now, a while indeed, the last card in the deck really is a nuclear carter. these monica public. yvonne could do 2 things to try to offset the incoming trump administrations desire to return to maximum pressure, which will need to have a significant regional component to it. i would say respectfully, that was one of the areas where there was a shortcoming impacts of pressure. one point out of the routine could either further expand, engaging, vertical and horizontal nuclear escalation ro, additional capabilities and try to even recognize and try to threaten the troubles with this ration with that and try to force them to not pay attention to the region and only deal with a nuclear and the 2nd is that they may be trying to attempt trump with some level of limited and get their diplomacy to get past the october, 2025 step back deadline and create visuals with other transatlantic community and lock up america's most powerful economic, political,

and military tools through the prism of the deal. i heard the commentator and say earlier asked earlier today, how worried should the move laws be runs leaders they they see what happened to serious regime they, they have to be asking themselves, are we next? what do you say? and i would say indeed, there's actually commentary by regime a leak says political leads and a whole host of youtube burs, telegram channels, other asking precisely the same question, and they're having a rather open debate about it. i mean, if you paid particular attention to harmony's remarks today, he's even pointing out the difference between diaspora, media and local media coverage of the crisis and syria and the political implications. he's even talking about people in iran needing to be prosecuted as committing, quote, unquote, thought crimes or, or speech crimes for deflating the morales of these nomic republican, the acts of resistance by pointing out this gaping goal that it's regional strategy . so making a mistake, what's bad for the acts of resistance is what's bad for sod is,

was bad for these monica public, which is their patriot. and the regime is trying to prevent the contagion effects. because anything that is also bad, but it's not public, is also quite good for the running population. and you've seen the 0 sum mentality in multiple rounds of the state street versus state protests, even in 2018 when he running protesters chanted, forget syria. think about us been have been totally good with the foundation for the defense of democracies in washington dc. we appreciate your time tonight in your inside sites. you thank you. the carbon credit. they're supposed to be a tool and an incentive to get industries to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, and that is what they are supposed to do. they are not designed to facilitate fraud investigations along with the german public broadcasters. adf reveal how german authorities may have been tricked with the credits. it all started with

a tip off. a chinese company had developed environmental projects at oil fields in china that were supposed to save millions of tons of carbon emissions, is in reality, an inside are told us. they were part of a 1000000000 euro fraud, setting up a real project cost tens of millions, whereas faking a project just purely on paper like out of senior, you only need to forward your basket of new documents and you gain hundreds of millions of bureaus and return the projects were submitted under a german scheme, allowing companies here to meet their admission targets by investing in carbon saving projects abroad. in the months long investigation dw and its partners, adf acquired thousands of pages of project documents, and compared them with satellite images and photos. we found 16 projects which should not have been eligible under the germans, came a my because they were not building something new. take this project in china's

sions. young region. the station collects gas that would otherwise be released during oil extraction. saving more than a $120000.00 tons of carbon emissions a year. the application lists the planned project start date, september 2020. but satellite images from 2019 to the plant was already there. the for n g tanks are clearly visible. truck tracks and the security flare suggest that the site was in fact operational more than one year before the application in germany was filed. his project should never have been approved. it's not acceptable for the plan to already exist before the application was submitted. and yet, germany's environmental agency green light it, as well as 65 other project in china. their total market value is an estimated $2000000000.00 euros. the agencies president dark messner told us that none of its

employees ever visited any of the projects in china. they relied on the audits conducted by private companies, as we only have 3 colleagues and the federal environment agency who deals with all of these projects. the type of a context protecting code data and any detailed uh and they context satellite images. either we cannot say for sure whether the audit and companies were in on the fraud. but what we did find were many in consistencies in their reports. take this project, which was supposedly visited by auditors 7 times in their reports. they confirmed that the installation consisted of 6 big storage tanks and 12 generators. with satellite images and photos we acquired only ever show for tanks and for generators. it's very unlikely the inspector was on the side facing tanks. cons be missing. so the inspectors didn't do their job. absolutely not. or even was the

order time should be suspended. been tied to elements within these companies. so just to become part of the deception that would be a worst case scenario. the german environment agency has placed 45 projects under suspicion and says it is now working to resend as many of the credits as possible. the program was close to new applications. the full damage has yet to emerge. one thing, however, is already abundantly clear. it didn't take a lot to defraud a system that was supposed to make a dirty industry, a little cleaner. and remember what ever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day. we will see you then everybody, the

choosing practice primary school. it's now monitoring imposed and it's been hugely pop, you know, do you take it very close by may bring russian. poland already has the most liberal gotten those in the news is this is fine of hope. for the future, over all the focus on here, a note on d, w to good to be true. translating green energy globally is within reach. if you

have any, it's connected, you can have tina and chief of power coming from a neighboring system, which the meal benefits from imagine long cables carrying solar power all the way from australia to singapore and ingenious idea. but the project is in jeopardy of failing, made into many in 16 minutes on dw, the, the devastating house. or we can change. i mean the for a station in the rain forest continue, carbon dioxide emissions have risen again. the people of the world are we? what impact the biggest change doesn't happen

the make up your own mind? me the hello and welcome to this week's edition of focus on europe. i'm glad you could join us geography, math or for language. well, school children do have different preferences, but there's one subject now taught in code the schools which seems to be hitting the mark fire arms lessons. the subject now is compulsory beginning as early as junior high school. the ongoing war in ukraine.