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nominal assembly trees are a bridge between 2 worlds. 20 shell homer. the blue sheet oak is king of the for any, from this center. so the cold so, so the oak symbolized the link between the spirits of the sky and the earth and is this between that, that the all right, so make sure to show that the forest of show has a special ok called a wishing tree. it's supposedly fulfills wishes with forward to it, a new roof on the shirts.

the, the new solution tree is a small reminder of how important the trees used to be for the people who are totally dependent on the forest is our 24 producer of safety. so platforms they found on the forest was their source of food and the new issue. these trees are truly mystical. and how long is how much is the city is only i find the legend of the wishing tree very moving. it has something magical that feels good. the

of the over one 3rd of the european continent is covered by forest. but not all forests are the same. many forests from brittany and france to the euro in russia are deciduous, huge patchwork that sprawl over millions of heck dares every branch and every leaf is a part of a vast eco system with complex connections and interdependencies. life in this forest is determined by the cycles of nature, all living creatures adapt to the seasons in their own way. especially the trees from horn beams to chestnut, copper beach, to birch. they all shed their leaves in the fall and become dormant. the ready to awaken to new life. in the spring the oak plays

a special roll among the trees. it snarled trunks supports, broad bio diversity. thousands of species live here, interacting, reproducing, and even fighting. together they form a microcosm teeming with life the a world of its own. within the larger forest ecosystem. cabinetmaker hall mosey go che lives and works in jura on the border to switzerland, in harmony with nature. he tries to use forest resources respectfully and listen to the rhythm of nature. he says the phases of the moon play an important role in the quality of the wood and determine the right time to fill a tree. he sees himself as part of

a centuries old tradition. lost so much would speaks to me and this and the cause. i know it's fascinating to work with a living material because if i send the just send you, i always try to use word that's been caught in the correct moving phase available in the moon. timber is one that has been failed when the moon is waning. so then you go on and unit on says this on the implantable value, so we'll know, hey, it's a bit like with the times. so notes, when the moon is waning, the tree south tends to flow to the roots. of course, that means the wood will drive faster. so, and when the wood is less moist, it's less susceptible to fungal infestation point 8 course. i think there's something like this where it does not need to be chemically treated because it

already has an intrinsic, lasting resistance. don't i don't know what i quails. is it? faith is. can we trust our ancestors? i'd like to think so. the cloth, the play, another factor to consider is that the forest is a very complex eco system. x is completely connected, talked with the ticket questions should always be which tree do we fail to have the least impact on the eco system? a system the, the, i'm constantly in search of a compromise shell, looking for me on to the, on the one hand, i want the perfect treat ship while also trying to preserve the eco system that the tree lives in as much as possible. sit down with the support so when should i mean? yeah, you can change the light and the temperature or even damage the soil by leaving

trees too far apart. and so a total of all these things have to be considered total hold. i. 2 2 don't know what if the tree has dfcs that low branches, not crook 8 or twisted growth and it to my job in the workshop is to adjust and to all that that's a use. and once you move, how do i just say you move to the top? there's the green, the color texture, warm 6. i can bring out all the different characteristics of the wood shop and got that the mission is install. oak is very resistant. april please, indicates mechanical properties are almost perfect, collect and they plesk objects made from 0 can easily last for

centuries, the ship type us in the oak trees have incredible longevity. they're often the oldest trees interested us for us. the, this english, for example, is 450 years old. it provides a habitat for numerous species whose existence is far more short lived than that of the oak itself. but the tree is also a food source of trees, produced hundreds of thousands of leaves every year providing both substance for numerous insects as well as a place for them to lay there. x the,

the grooves of its protective bar. our ideal for moss is lichens and phone guy of the but it's the acorns that are the biggest prize for many forest dwellers. the oak jay is hoping for a big hall, but he's not alone. this red squirrel also wants to share the 8, explores the narrow, the arms of the old oak looking for a suitable place to nest. the wood mice gather on the ground. they love acorns. to save dug their burrows directly

under the oak to have a ready supply and use the trees roots as protective walls. meanwhile further up, another resident has been hard at work carving out a home to nest it spring loaded chisel beak is the ideal tool for burrowing into the wood. the great spotted woodpecker. it's used as a place where wood decaying phone guy called the last i guess phone guy have already softened the wood. and because woodpeckers chisel more hollows than they need, they also create a living space for other animals such as baths. psychologist, low hall to young is head of the department for bio diversity at the french national forestry office. he's interested in the relationship between baths and woodpeckers. and in the fundamental role that play the life and dynamics of

a forest. push it the on the phone like when i was little, i was always told that baths were definitely going to be avoid in you. but when i started observing them and i became fascinated by the spacing so you have reports, they have amazing abilities. like super heroes, like superman have nothing on my plan at home. she don't get the news from. our current mission in the forest of y'all say is primarily focused on one spacing, dis dispatch stein's bat. it feeds on insert it this back to the tree, would or least one was really sick. if i wanted to have it helps to clean the floors and is a true l i o d o. they formed small colonies and live in empty woodpecker. nancy stripped the

info on deck, on which there is a mutual agreement, the bats, the bird and the tree work together, a document to check if we want to find out how the best style bad uses the force to protect the poke as part of the overall force management don't, you know, candle investors for, for us to the last got a senior level. i lost the signal to last night we attach the transmitter to a c mail back signs bad with a frequency of 150.6 to 0 megahertz to track the colony let's say 5 down, so we don't know if it's living and x 3 then we identified in previous year,

nearby 3 where the signal stronger it has to be this one and that one the so the $219.00 l when it found this way. and for that, once we find the colony, we can capture the baths which live high up in the trees, some football with the flickered and kept to in the trap and says, we remain very still and just go with a rhythm before to jeff. like you said, i thought we wait the

see, here we go. panel to p. m. and the 1st bad as appeared as expected. it's an adult female doctor. if you still have sharp teeth, chop punch. she's not that old. you. 10 grams. i can use for fun, it's leaking away behind that sacramento. there's a lot of them as you said, right. and that will continue for a couple of hours. now do you're the person catching them has to work fast so that he can release the funds they need to put in. they can get back to hunting. somebody can to a, to an awful, i bought interesting. you're very grumpy for you. we caught 10 baths and the 1st 5 minute you're saying the same meat 6. yeah.

that suggests a very large collin, 30 to 50 individual this the 2nd center. we know that a colony effect steins baths can use between 30350 different hollows a year. 70 effort. so a force has to have enough roosting optimal enough hollows available to see if you want to know the

the picture to our research results are very interesting for course management. i think though, they show that in forest where many large trees provide lots of woodpecker hollows, colonies of rec, stein's bats do very, very well 10 times on the level they found them. the forest isn't inter just handed for where everything functions together. we found that bio diversity is the driving force behind the forest ecosystem and proper functions and protecting bio diversity is vital also, you go, my beauty, the

the interplay between various species and the forest becomes even more apparent. with the onset of fall, the decision was forest glows in varying shades of gold and copper signaling, but the days are getting shorter and the temperatures cooler. as the old oak not only changes color, it also drops its ripe acorns that allows other forest residents to feast or stuck up for the winter. this female squirrel is pregnant. she is one of the 1st to pounce on the acorns. with winter approaching, she's keen to put on weight and build up as many reserves as possible. she buries and hides a treasure trove of fat, rich seeds,

and not smear her nest. she won't find all the hiding places again. so she may be helping a young oak tree get it started on life too. but it's the jays that spread the most seeds for the oak tree. each one distribute several 1000 acorns every year. sometimes over long distances, giving the oaks a chance to conquer new areas. the tree itself also prepares for the cold season. it becomes dormant, storing nutrients in the lower sections of its trunk and roots to survive the winter, the end to save energy. the 3 sheds its leaves, surrendering them to the wind,

and above all the ground. a single oak tree can shed several 100 t loops of leaves at acorns per year, which are then utilized, recycled, or processed by all kinds of animals, insects, fungi, and bacteria. the, the together, they are part of another system of injured dependencies in which fund guy play a key role. the fund guy have a symbiotic relationship with trees. they produce an underground network of threats or my sylium that we don't usually see. but they are very important for the trees. my colleges, paul says, my tom has spent more than 40 years studying this partnership, the cause of diploma. and when you walk through this magnificent oak forest, you don't realize that you're walking on a living carpet and extraordinary network is supporting and animated exchange right

now below our feed people. and we don't notice any of it. it would take me 2 or 3 lifetimes to better understand these mechanisms that we suddenly discovered recently did the, somebody knuckle stall. so this is solely is extraordinarily important too. but it's not just the base that supports the oak trees. we see say again, more reviews also where plant animal and my crew be a waste is recycled by numerous decompose or fund guy who took off those additional additional. can you compose the people? the ways to do is converted into new transfer. the tree saving td's abra dawn is

all these i want to show ever decrease can't absorb minerals from the soil on their own. they are dependent on symbiotic fungi known as micro rise. so if we know these mushrooms well, they include bullied truffles. shandra rose and moved cap mushrooms, the symbiotic fun guy to connect with the trees root system. so he's the most, you know, there's all the. ready the shut you off, this is a good place. said with found any yes there. oh yes, very good meal cap mushrooms is to be shipped instead of the issues that are growing on the dead would you will be able to companion fund guy of the ok.

what we find a network of microwaves on my see liam here. well again the, i'll send a good, bad, magnificent. let me see pamela. i seem to ship turbo crew lea covered in my garage. oh, yes, meekly full of mike arise asked. you'll see that's definitely an oak, no cabinet on the whole network of micro riser roots is connected to the milton cat . that mission sort of this and this fruit body is growing out of it to, to, to speak. if he gets you one to suit legal reason like a rise, a or root fungi, a mixture of the tissue of the tree ends, atoms of fungus distribution. and this is where all the exchange is taking place between the 2 flock. there is 122

back to now. so the reason the michael rice a form a network of these raids or am i celia that to penetrate every tiny crevice in the soil and absorb all the nutrients that the oak needs for its growth lessons. there's a shooting of questions to shift the issue and, and return for all this. the tree produces sugars. now, bush with issue depart, organ, spring, and summer leaves synthesize sugar. most of it supports the growth of the trees, but roughly a quarter of the sugars are supplied to the micro rise of the phone guy via the root system. in the symbiotic relationship, the, i'll just use the motion now. look at that beautiful network, right?

yes, really beautiful to move which oh, do you think the network of this mill cap is connected to all sway plus the nice a split on it could be connected to several oaks to gain the best possible advantage to work with that way it would get the carbon provided by all the oaks on the other gentleman, are you going to tooting issue of the see to, can you it's estimated that for every meter of tree root, there are almost 1000 meters of mike horizon network. it's an incredible extension of the root system. and quite happy to do system motion of the don't want to shoot them, but the world of trees and the mushroom population have a superb alliance to prove that additional new the penalties i'm about to increase

would not have been able to develop on earth if they have not entered into this alliance some 200000000 years ago. practices daniels to fit. that's no good. i have been studying micro rights of symbiosis for more than 40 years. and i'm still fascinated by this biological process because it is a magnificent example of the role of cooperation of symbiosis in the development and smooth operation of one of our planets, key eco systems. the forest landscape cannot fully symbiosis between oak trees and mushrooms shows what alliances are sometimes necessary to ensure survival. but as winter approaches, the oak must depend above all on itself to cope with the threat of strong winds and

storms. after shedding its many thousands of leaves in the fall, it faces the cold season. there, the oak does not have the suppleness of willow trees or the flexibility of poplars . its shape and relative rigidity are fully exposed to the elements. a deep and extensive root system anchors it solidly in the ground and allows it to stand firm the but the oak has come up with a surprising strategy. bullshit form on many of its branches, points that are deliberately more fragile to allow the tips at the branch to break off more easily the,

the tree protects itself by sacrificing parts of itself to the winds and storms. this essential survival mechanism prevents major damage a partial sacrifice for the good of the whole tree. the the extent to which the oak depends on an intact and balanced eco system becomes especially clear in winter. even though it has shed millions of acorns over the course of its centuries, long life, many of which have terminated this oak has yet to produce any mature trees. the young oak shoots fall victim to herbivores, especially in winter when food is scarce. in some regions, the absence of natural predators, such as the links and wolf, has led to

a drastic increase in deer populations. the number of deer is many times higher than it was 50 years ago. an increase that is threatening the future of many forests. predators can indirectly protect for us and help trees grow or. ready ecologist sonya so i need to study this vital dependency. ready ready ready ready kindness and we do this, you can see it's great to think that there are links here. it's only although i've never seen one of it, but i'm sure they've seen me many times cuz you're welcome. yeah, fox pronounced it just returning to this area special because there is a natural credit or here no more will the increase in its population effect, the behavior of the dear to local baltimore. well, the oak trees grow better because of the presence of these predators. see all players also declare that to him so far and france, we've mainly worked in places without predators. nice also,

and we'll call the years on the me, you, these questions haven't really come up for us to don't cool, not by to just have to. so to show the, usually it's frozen. and then we can all get the s d car picked up these d. c. nice agent moment. what do we have? just a few people. dogs. yeah. the foxes and yeah, yeah. and then we have a surprise, what is it we have our link. it's too much for he looks familiar, couldn't you? do you think he's watching us to proceed? be very discreetly. maybe even right now the

equal now you put on you to call nice when we have colleagues and poland who are study natural for us. and also their findings show that deer are much more vigilant when links are around and the more vigilant they are, the less time they have to feed your best. but most of the, from somewhere in the past here. do you tracks cool? yes, they had problems with the snow over 20 centimeters high. it's difficult for them. the nothing to you know, not even 2 is a tough time not to lose. they'll be able to serve, of course awesome feed on brambles and other positions at the end of winter when there's not much blackberry fully as you're ivy left for do so there's no more green leaves sky. they start to eat least by me. and that's when it's

a problem for the oak trees them. i pray for that costs institution the fall. so here before populations need to be regulated in france for the multiple ways. so we need to find a balance where both fonda and florida can drive or the county. let's look at the young oak with a blackberry bush and split down the blackberry leaves have been to me, let's see here. and here to, or even the least bugs are intact, so we have to, as long as they're grams of salt oak safe, which is your because made it this far, you know, it will be fine on the location. she must produce a lot going on around, you know, you see,

don't know. and if you don't see sure, know, there's a balance between the creditors and the herbivores people. things are currently looking good for those trees and you don't need those. and they're not too many here before. wait in relation to vegetation, your thought for the people stop on. it has to stay that way. so i found you the regulating herbivores is a delicate subject, particularly as the apparent equilibrium of the system. often masks a series of permanent imbalances. the seasons with their changing conditions created dynamics that forces species to adapt. the oak undergoes

a new transformation every spring. as though awakening from its winter slumber. under the rays at the spring sun, its buds unfurl into green foliage that is home to new generations of woodpeckers n j. the female squirrel now has a family to feed to as and while life is evident everywhere. death is also on the problem. every member of the animal kingdom is a potential victim for its predators. the, the, the oak can be the scene of many attacks. and sometimes the oak is itself. a target cherry goal was, for example, belong to the family of gall wasps. they cause spiritual growths or goals to appear

in leaf tissue where they lay their ex goals are wound for the host. but home for the wasps of spring, a kind of compromise between treat and insect on the way to co existence. but other attacks are worse, the thousands of caterpillar's can attack a tree, playing waste to it, for its can health by feasting on the caterpillars. but the tree itself is not helpless. over the centuries, it has developed a range of defense mechanisms, each bitten leaf consent warning signals to the neighboring leads in the form of

volatile organic compounds that escape from where it's been bitten. the that induces the intact lead to secrete tenants that make them unpalatable, causing the intruders to lead. these signals can even a truck, natural predators to come and feed on the leaf, eating insects. the oak tree owes it resilience to the fact that it has constantly evolved over millions of years from a single species to now several 100 different species today. our english oh is also the result of this amazing genetic diversification. it is an integral part of the evolutionary change and will pass on to its descendants, the adaptations it has acquired during its own existence. this increases bio diversity and ensures the resilience of the forest in the face of environmental

challenges the but the rapid changes brought about by human intervention in nature are threatening to overtake europe's tempered for us. the, the expansion of roads, cities, and agricultural land is bright, glinting forest habitats, creating isolated islands and hindering the natural distribution of wild species. and when new trees are planted, areas are created that have little to do with the resilience and adaptability of a forest that has grown over centuries. all too often, these are areas with few or sometimes just one tree species. these mont, of cultures can be plagues bypassed since no diverse network of mutual dependencies

has been established. mano cultures lead to a sharp decline in bio diversity. the real strength of the forest lies and it's bio diversity, which is fundamental to its resilience and beauty. silva also home founder of the canopy association is committed to ensuring that forest mont, of cultures become a thing of the past. a good full. he's a golden top. when you enter a cultivated forest, you immediately notice the absence of any sound just for that song. the absence of bird song, which was who will not kick for sure. it's more like a wooded desert than a living forest who left for the home sitting through the forest or planted after the land has been cleared. the eco system and soil have been

destroyed, especially by removing trees, dumps number. let me just look to see if we cannot allow semi natural forests like this one to continue to be cut down and replaced by mano cultures. that's why i'm fighting with him in the you see on the shore. pleasure in long the well that's the, that's the model. you're saying there are still old english folks here and there aren't many left, so they have to be protected as they're crucial for biodiversity. for sure. the is it for you as it is, forrest was cut a legally the men for life also as the cost

into a dew. 2 thirds of the forest in france consist of decision with trees. but we have a timber industry that demand softwood and standardized a product that doesn't fit. and this is what happens, people to come to the temptation to replace the sensuous trees with maritime pines . phone on the shoulder street today is much more intensive and takes the form of large mono cultures, which you called yourself when you simplify an eco system. it triggers a chain reaction. the port and we'll get got all the in 2020 to 40 percent of plantations, were failing, meaning 80 percent or more of their trees died. come perform well next to the point to allow planting trees is seen as

a prime example of how to help the environment. but in reality, young trees are very fragile and so they're exposed to the full sun. well, the typical forest environmental with large protective trees that could compensate for fluctuations and temperature is missing, and new trees are planted on almost bear dry ground, say, hello, young maritime pines, or a tinderbox. the season hot, if you raise all this and plant maritime pine saplings, you create a highly flammable for a lot of these can offer me the 2. so now these trees are also vulnerable to weather problems like hale or stores. little gum, when you consider all the hazards facing the forest, you can only conclude that mano culture has must be avoided before you telling me to cheer of

the fusion for the more diverse a forest. the more it establishes mechanisms of cooperation and even competition for resources like she also some which leads to greater resilience because you know that they've been going when disaster strikes and there are always disasters. they get the forest consultants who show experience shows that adding oak trees to a maritime pine plantation makes it more resilient to promote the shock. every action in the forest must be carefully considered. starkey bears. we mustn't take the wrong road because we are at a crossroads and forestry. a 2nd look out for the

do we offer production oriented forestry where we greatly simplify the eco system and just create fields of trees. risk g or do we decide to protect what is left, which is key and that's what's at stake. the 2nd offensive way. this is the cross roads where we stand now the the,

the, the, the, the one that i shot shots are from so i can, none of them can help with conflicts to this team loses his hearing due to an illness. we join him as he uses co, cleared himself to assist him in understanding speech and living life to the fullest some news. i was fussy minutes on the w. it's like a 5 digit job and he's fine to against drug intimidation. to

show the co cane a global conflict that has reached europe is now pushing the german states to the fight. over this 1000000000 euro business is escalate the in 90 minutes. on d w, the d w. travel all over the side. phase 3, food john is with inside a tips. nicole. hi, 9. well, let's go here we go lower. so when it comes to sustainability information and trying to do that, when you travel, you can have it all the text in it. it has to check the bags, so you're planning

a trip to make sure you miss nothing about is on the w travels. i hope you enjoy the trip here as much as i did. what about you? what's your opinion? feel free to write your thoughts and the comments the . this is the w news. these are our top stores. us congress is formally certified, donald trump victory in november's presidential election. the joint session was presided over by vice president carmella harris. comes on the 5th anniversary of the storming of the capital and trump support has tried to stop jo 5 and certification as well as of the 2020 election kind of just just intruder has announced that he intends to step down as prime minister and leader of the liberal party, mister tudor, says you'll stay in office until the posse elect

a new.