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the nominal assembly trees are a bridge between 2 worlds of financial home. the oak is king of the for holding any from the center to the cold. so, so the oak symbolized the link between the spirits of the sky and the earth, and is this between that, that the or not so much for, for the, for as the show has a special ok now called a wishing tree. it's supposedly fulfills wishes with forward to

a new roof on the shirts. the, the new solution tree is a small reminder of how important the trees used to be for the people who are totally dependent on the forest is our 20 professor to full potential. and they found on the forest was their source of food and the issue. these trees are truly mystical homeowners. i'm what is the city is only i find the legend of the wishing tree very moving. it has something magical that feels good. the

of the over one 3rd of the european continent is covered by forest. but not all forests are the same. many forests from brittany and france to the euro in russia are deciduous, huge patchwork that sprawl over millions of heck dares every branch and every leaf is a part of a vast eco system with complex connections and interdependencies. life in this forest is determined by the cycles of nature, all living creatures adapt to the seasons in their own way. especially the trees from horn beams to chestnut, copper beach, to birch. they all shed their leaves in the fall and become dormant. the ready to awaken to new life. in the spring the oak plays

a special roll among the trees. it snarled trunks supports, broad bio diversity. thousands of species live here, interacting, reproducing, and even fighting. together they form a microcosm teeming with life the a world of its own. within the larger forest ecosystem. cabinetmaker hall mosey go che lives and works in jura on the border to switzerland, in harmony with nature. he tries to use forest resources respectfully and listen to the rhythm of nature. he says the phases of the moon play an important role in the quality of the wood and determine the right time to fill a tree. he sees himself as part of a centuries old tradition, plus soon,

much would speaks to me in a sense of cause i know it's fascinating to work with a living material. includes a for sure, the just saying you, i always try to use word that's been cut in the correct moving phase available in the kind of what you're learning. timber is one that has been failed when the moon is waning. so then you go down here and it all says this, all the implantable finally said will know, hey, it's a bit like what the times. so notes, when the moon is waning, the trees have tends to flow to the roots. of course, that means the wood will drive faster. so then when the wood is less moist, it's less susceptible to fungal infestation point 8 course. i think there's something like this where it does not need to be chemically treated because it

already has an intrinsic, lasting resistance. don't i don't know what i coils, is it faith is? can we trust our ancestors? i'd like to think so. the cloth, the play, another factor to consider is that the forest is a very complex eco system. it's completely connected to the a good question should always be which tree do we fail to have the least impact on the eco system with system the, the i'm constantly in search of a compromise shifting, looking for me on to the, on the one hand i want the perfect treat ship while also trying to preserve the eco system that the tree lives in as much as possible. sit down with support. so many

should i mean yeah, you can change the light and the temperature or even damage the soil by leaving trees too far apart. and so 21, all these things have to be considered totaled. 2 2 2 don't you finish now? what if the tree has dfcs that low branches not crooked or twisted gross? i did my job in the workshop is to adjusting to all that i to you so much and have a decision. but if there's the grain, the color texture, warm 6, i can bring out all the different characteristics of the wood shop and got the mission that is install. oak is very resistant. new pool please indicates mechanical properties are almost perfect. kitchen, they price objects made from 0 can easily last for centuries,

the ship the oak trees have incredible longevity. they're often the oldest trees, indecision us for us the. this english, for example, is 450 years old. it provides a habitat for numerous species whose existence as far more short lived than data vio itself. but the tree is also a food source of trees, produce hundreds of thousands of leaves every year, providing both sustenance for numerous insects as well as

a place for them to lay their x, the, the grooves of its protective bar. our ideal for moss is lichens and phone guy of the but it's the acorns that are the biggest prize for many forest dwellers. the oak jay is hoping for a big hall, but he's not alone. this red squirrel also wants to share the. it explores the narrow, the arms of the old oak, looking for a suitable place to nest the, the wood mice gather on the ground. they love acorns to they've dug their

burrows directly under the oak to have a ready supply and use the trees roots as protective walls. meanwhile further up, another resident has been hard at work carving out a home to nest its spring loaded chisel beak is the ideal tool for burrowing into the wood. the great spotted woodpecker. it's used as a place where wood decaying phone guy called the loft. i guess phone guy have already soften the wanted because would packers chisel more hollows than they need . they also create a living space for other animals, such as bats. psychologist, low home to young. this head of the department for bio diversity at the french national forestry office. he's interested in the relationship between baths and

woodpeckers. and in the fundamental role that play the life and dynamics of a forest, push it down, fall a like when i was little, i was always told that baths were definitely going to be avoided you. but when i started observing them and i became as fascinated by the spacing senior high, say have amazing ability. 60 for like super heroes. like superman have nothing. i'm and play all. she kept the news from. our current mission in the forest of y'all's say, is primarily focused on one spacing, dis, dispatch times that it feeds on, insert it this back to the tree, would or least one was really sick so it helps to clean the floors and is a true l. i o d o, they form small colonies and live in empty woodpecker nastiness, dipped the

info on deck on which there was a mutual agreement that the bird and the tree were together in our document object. if we want to find out how the best style that uses the force to protect the poke as part of the overall force management don't know categories that is for, for us to the last got a senior level, i lost the signal or last night we attach the transmitter to a c mail back to signs bad with a frequency of 150.6 to 0 megahertz to track the colony. and see if i'm down so we don't know if it's living and it's 3 then we identified

in previous year or nearby 3 where the signal stronger it has to be this one. and that one, the so the $219.00 l when it found this way. and for that, once we find the colony, we can capture the baths which live high up in the trees. some football woods that go the inflected and kept when the trap and says we remain very still and just go with a rhythm for is it to jeff? like you said, i thought we wait the

panel to pm and the 1st bad as appeared as expected. it's an adult female. if you still have sharp teeth, chopped punch. she's not that old yet. 10 grams. i can here's for fun. it's leaking away behind. that there's a lot of them. as you said, i think that will continue for a couple of hours that a person catching them has to work fast so that he can release the funds needs to be put in. they can get back to hunters submitted to a 20 or 4040. you're very grumpy. when we caught 10 baths and the 1st 5 minute you're saying the same for me. i mean,

it seems. yeah, that suggests a very large, collin, 30 to 50 individual is the 2nd so we know that a colony effect steins baths can use between 30350 different hollows a year. 7 different. so a force has to have enough roosting optimal enough hollows available to see if is i want to know the

isn't the picture, don't our research results are very interesting for course management to take to the show that in force where many large trees provide lots of woodpecker, hollows, colonies look back signs, baths do very, very well 10 times on the left. voice out of the forest isn't inter just handed for where everything functions together. we found that bio diversity is the driving force behind the force eco system and proper function. protecting bio diversity is vital toss. you go, my beauty the

the interplay between various species and the forest becomes even more apparent with the onset of fall. the decision with forest glows and varying shades of gold and copper signaling. but the days are getting shorter and the temperatures cooler . as the old oak, not only changes color, it also drops its ripe acorns that allows other forest residents to feast or stuck up for the winter. this female squirrel is pregnant. she is one of the 1st to pounce on the acorns. with winter approaching, she's keen to put on weight and build up as many reserves as possible. she buries and hides a treasure trove of fat,

rich seeds and not smear her nest. she will find all the hiding places again. so she may be helping a young oak tree. get it start on life too. but it's the jays that spread the most seeds for the oak tree. each one distributes several 1000 acorns every year. sometimes over long distances, giving the oaks a chance to conquer new areas. the tree itself also prepares for the cold season. it becomes dormant, storing nutrients in the lower sections of its trunk and roots to survive the winter, the end to save energy. the 3 sheds its leaves, surrendering them to the wind,

and above all the ground. a single oak tree can shed several 100 t loops of leaves that acorns per year, which are then utilized, recycled, or processed by all kinds of animals, insects, fund guy, and bacteria. the, the together, they are part of another system of interdependencies in which fund guy play a key role. the fund guy have a symbiotic relationship with trees. they produce an underground network of threats or my sylium, that we don't usually see. but they are very important for the trees. my colleges, paul says, my tom has spent more than 40 years studying this partnership, the cause of plymouth. and when you walk through this magnificent oak forest, you don't realize that you're walking on

a living carpet and extraordinary network is supporting and animated exchange right now below our feed people. and we don't notice any of it. it would take me 2 or 3 lifetimes to better understand these mechanisms that we suddenly discovered recently. the closer the soil is extraordinarily important too, but it's not just the base that supports the oak trees. we see say again, more reviews also where plant animal and my crew be a waste is recycled by numerous decompose or fund guy to talk of those additional additional being able to compose the cable. the ways to do is converted into nutrients for the trees. have utilities abra,

dawn is all these i want to show ever trees can't absorb minerals from the soil on their own. they are dependent on symbiotic fungi, known as mike cries. so if we know these mushrooms well, they include bullied truffles. shandra rose and moved cap mushroom solution, the symbiotic fun guy to connect with the trees root system. so he's the most, you know, there's all the. ready the commissioner, just this is a good place. said with found any yes there others? oh yes, very good meal cap mushrooms is to be sure that they're growing on the dead. would you?

will they never companion, fun guy of the ok. we find a network of micro russell my see william here? well again the i'll send a good, bad, magnificent. let me see pamela. i seem to ship her bowl grew li, covered in my garage. oh yes, me coolly full of mike arise asked. you'll see that's definitely an open, no cabinet on the whole network of micro rise or roots is connected to the milk academy mission. so for this and this fruit body is growing out of it. so it's it to slick if he gets you one, a legal reason like a rice, a, a, a root, fun guy, a mixture of the tissue of the tree. he came to that of the fungus distributional piano. and this is where all the exchange has take place. between the children partners,

122 so decreases the micro rise a form a network of grades or am i see liam that penetrate every tiny crevice in the soil and absorb all the nutrients that the oak needs for its growth lessons is i'm actually in a questions to shift the issue and in return for all this the tree produces sugars. now, bush issue duplex owned in spring and summer leaves synthesize sugar. most of it supports the growth of the trees, but roughly a quarter of the sugars are supplied to the micro rifle fund guy via the root system in a symbiotic relationship to the system motion. now look at that beautiful network. right?

yes. really beautiful to move which oh, do you think the network of this mill cap is connected to sweet plus? but i said it could be connected to several oaks to gain the best possible advantage to work with that way. it would get the carbon provided by all the oaks on the other account, but now you've got to to didn't issue of the see to, can you? it's estimated that for every meter of tree root, there are almost 1000 meters of mike horizon networks. and you'll see that it's an incredible extension of the root system and quite happy to do she still motion at the don't want to ship him, but the world of trees and the mushroom population have a superb alliance that proved that additional can you the penalties i'm about to

increase would not have been able to develop on earth if they have not entered into this alliance some 200000000 years ago. practices daniels to fit. that's no good. i have been studying micro rights of symbiosis for more than 40 years. and i'm still fascinated by this biological process because it is a magnificent example of the role of cooperation of symbiosis in the development and smooth operation of one of our planets. key ecosystems. the far as glenette can collect fully. symbiosis between oak trees and mushrooms shows what alliances are sometimes necessary to ensure survival. but as winter approaches, the oak must depend above all on itself to cope with the threat of strong winds and

storms. after shedding its many thousands of leaves and the fall, it faces the cold season. there, the oak does not have the suppleness of willow trees or the flexibility of poplars . its shape and relative rigidity are fully exposed to the elements. a deep and extensive root system anchors it solidly in the ground and allows it to stand firm the but the oak has come up with a surprising strategy. bullshit form on many of its branches, points that are deliberately more fragile to allow the tips at the branch to break off more easily the,

the tree protects itself by sacrificing parts of itself to the winds and storms. this essential survival mechanism prevents major damage a partial sacrifice for the good of the whole tree. the the extent to which the oak depends on an intact and balanced eco system becomes especially clear in winter. even though it has shed millions of acorns over the course of its centuries, long life, many of which have terminated this oak has yet to produce any mature trees. the young oak shoots fall victim to herbivores, especially in winter when food is scarce. in some regions, the absence of natural predators, such as the links and wolves, has led to

a drastic increase in deer populations. the number of deer is many times higher than it was 50 years ago. an increase that is threatening the future of many forest . creditors can indirectly protect for us and help trees grow. ready the. ready ecologist sonya so i need to study this vital dependency. ready ready ready ready time assembly this you can see it's great to think that there are links here is only although i've never seen one of it, but i'm sure they've seen me many times because you're welcome to create any standards for 2012 this area special because there is a natural credit or here no more will the increase in its population effect of the behavior of the dear to a local baltimore. well, the oak trees grow better because of the presence of these predators. c. o quays also declare that to so far. and france,

we've mainly worked in places without predators and nice those to you and we'll talk about it only means you. these questions haven't really come up for us to don't go not by to just have to. so to show the usually it's frozen we can all get the s d car picked up these d. c. nice agent moment. what do we have? just a few people. dogs. yeah. the foxes are there. yeah, and then we have a surprise. what is it we have our link, it's too much for he looks familiar, couldn't you? do you think he's watching us to proceed? be very just really. maybe even right now. the

cool, now you put on your colleagues when we have colleagues in poland who are study natural for us and also their findings show the deer are much more vigilant when links are around and the more vigilant they are, the less time they have to feed your bus book, a motion from someone past here. do you tracks cool, right? yes, they had problems with the snow over 20 centimeters high. it's difficult for them. the nothing to you know, not even to is a tough time to lose young people who served before as often feed on brambles and other pushes you're due at the end of winter when there's not much blackberry foliage or ivy left to do so there's no more green leaves, they start to eat leaf by so me, and that's when it's

a problem for the oak tree. it's not my play for that. of course i'll solution the fall. so here before populations need to be regulated in france for level to be, so we need to find a balance where both fonda and flora contrive. what priest, the guy, the, let's look at the young folk with a blackberry bush and split down the blackberry leaves have been see me. see lois here and here to the least bugs are intact. so we have to, as long as they're grams of salt oak safe but, but your young oak has made it this far, you know, it'll be fine. your skin the location which must produce a lot going on around. ready and at least you don't know,

and if you don't see sure enough people, there's a balance between the creditors and the herbivores people. things are currently looking good for those trees and the only those. and they're not too many herbivores in relation to vegetation. cordell people hop on it has to stay that way . so i found you the regulating herbivores is a delicate subject, particularly as the apparent equilibrium of a system, often masks a series of permanent imbalances. the seasons with their changing conditions created dynamics that forces species to adapt. the oak undergoes

a new transformation every spring as though awakening from its winter slumber under the rays at the spring sun. it's buds unfurl into green foliage that is home to new generations of woodpeckers, n j. the female squirrel now has a family to feed to and while life is evident everywhere, death is also on the problem. every member of the animal kingdom is a potential victim for its predators. the, the, the oak can be the scene of many attacks. and sometimes the oak is itself. a target cherry goal was, for example, belong to the family of gall wasps. they cause spiritual growths or goals to appear

in leaf tissue where they lay their ex goals are wound for the host. but home for the wasps, off spring, a kind of compromise between treat and insect, on the way to coexistence. but other attacks are worse, the thousands of caterpillar's can attack a tree lane, ways to it. birds can help by feasting on the caterpillars. but the tree itself is not helpless. over the centuries, it has developed a range of defense mechanisms, each bitten leaf consent warning signals to the neighboring leads in the form of

volatile organic compounds that escape from where it's been bitten. the that induces the intact to lead to secrete tenants that make them unpalatable, causing the intruders to lead. these signals can even a truck, natural predators to come and feed on the leaf, eating insects. the oak tree owes the resilience to the fact that it has constantly evolved over millions of years from a single species to now several 100 different species today. our english oh is also the result of this amazing genetic diversification. it is an integral part of the evolutionary change and will pass on to its descendants, the adaptations that has acquired during its own existence. this increases bio

diversity and ensures the resilience of the forest in the face of environmental challenges the but the rapid changes brought about by human intervention in nature are threatening to overtake europe's tempered for us. the, the expansion of roads, cities, and agricultural land is bright, glinting forest habitats, creating isolated islands and hindering the natural distribution of wild species. and when new trees are planted, areas are created that have little to do with the resilience and adaptability of a forest that has grown over centuries. all too often, these are areas with few or sometimes just one tree species. these mont, of cultures can be plague bypassed since no diverse network of mutual dependencies

has been established. mano cultures lead to a sharp decline in bio diversity. the real strength of the forest lies in its bio diversity, which is fundamental to its resilience and beauty. silva also, hong founder of the canopy association, is committed to ensuring that forest mont, of cultures become a thing of the past to go to law. he's a dozen top when you enter a cultivated forest, you immediately notice the absence of any sound just for that song. the absence of birdsong was, who will not control. it's more like a wooded desert than a living forest, who therefore, he won't sit on the floor as their planted after the land has been

cleared. the eco system and soil have been destroyed, especially by removing trees, dump, you know, let me just look to see if we cannot allow semi natural forest like this one, to continue to be cut down and replaced by mano cultures. that's why i'm fighting goodman the you see on this or play or in long the mall use and there are still old english folks here and there aren't many left, so they have to be protected as they're crucial for biodiversity. for sure. the, it's, it's for you, as it is, forrest was cut a legally and then fly for most of the cost

into a do. 2 thirds of the forest in france consist of decision with trees. but we have a timber industry that demand softwood and standardized products that doesn't fit. and this is what happens people's to come to the temptation to replace the sensuous trees with maritime pines for money to the short history. today is much more intensive and takes the form of large amount of cultures, which you called yourself when you simplify an eco system. it triggers a chain reaction. the port and we'll just get all the in 2020 to 40 percent of plantations. we're failing, meaning 80 percent or more of their trees died from performed as

well. next to the 20 allow planting trees is seen as a prime example of how to help the environment. but in reality, young trees are very fragile. and so of course, they're exposed to the full sun. well, the typical forest environmental with large protective trees that could compensate for fluctuations and temperature is missing. and new trees are planted on almost bear dry ground, say, hello, young maritime pines, or a tinderbox. the season hot, if you raise all this and plant maritime pine saplings, you create a highly flammable forest. these can offer me the to so now these trees are also vulnerable to weather problems like hail or stores. when you consider all the hazards facing the forest, you can only conclude that mano culture is must be avoided before you look at you

of the vision for the more diverse a forest, the more it establishes, mechanisms of cooperation and even competition for resources like she also so which leads to greater resilience because you know that they've been going when disaster strikes and there are always disaster. so you get the forest consultants who show the experience shows that adding oak trees to a maritime pine plantation makes it more resilient to promote the check for sure every action in the forest must be carefully considered. starkey but we mustn't take the wrong road because we are at a crossroads and forestry. they look out for

the do. we are for production oriented forestry where we greatly simplify the eco system and just create fields of trees. whisk g, or do we decide to protect what is left is key and that's what's at stake. just like, you know, sensors with this is the cross roads where we stand now the, [000:00:00;00]

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fast. and young people clearly have the solutions, the future you a this 77 percent every weekend on dw the, this is the w news live from balance tens of thousands of los angeles residents, adults afily rapidly growing wildfire as wind whipped flames breakouts and a 3rd area of the city consuming homes is residents, race to escape trust and neighborhoods will say coming out from the program. who will lead? gemini is the next government chunks that will actually, it's fights to his political life against the conservative challenges. clearly to maps the outcome promises to have consequences far beyond

the