a, an in depth look, it's karen who use events analyzed by x. the i'm critical thinking is this is the weekdays on dw, the heading to a primeval forest. but it's not a tropical jungle or the amazon rain forest were in europe. a continent once blanketed in primeval forest, 6000 years ago about 80 percent of it was covered and treat most of the as far as the guns. but a few primary force remains. and there a paradise for ecologist and other scientists. all listen more about trees and forest on this edition of the da at least science show. welcome to tomorrow today. who the fog? a rush mountains in romania home to one of your last primeval farmers.

there are still areas here where few people have a set of books we had on the cloth and the remote problem are you forest project at the check? university of live sciences in prague loves the deep valleys if the company attends, but she's concerned the most of the rain forest it gets huge. media attention paused here in europe. we don't seem to be caring about our own for us. that's our existing research team keeps finding clear cut areas deep within the forest and i, this is quite terrifying. the rates of the for our station occurring here. we have no clue or studies remote from what you force across different regions of europe. what makes these far as unique is they have remained largely untouched by

human activity. some of the trees are of a 500 years old. deadwood is left in the forest, which is a key difference to managed ones. there is flawless by diversity of hey you can walk and it's quite normal to find traces of bez links and lots of other animals around. when i came to visit the primary forest for the 1st time, it was supposed to be blown away. but the beauties of the forest a girl grew up in a big city where the only far as jane counted nearby managed ones. i can almost not say that these bruce plantations are for us. it almost feels like a factory because everything is so uniform and what you're really missing this like lights that exist in front of me for as the team revisits each forest every 5 years to document changes in specific areas. so each tree has specific number and sometimes they die. so it's interesting to see the disturbance

history of the area and the dynamics isn't the 1st course. with the help of special mops, they can locate and study the same trees. he is late to 95 . the projects database includes over a 1000 research cloths, but the work is meticulous on. the team can only survey about 3 plots per day. not main spending weeks in the cold and rain deep in the remote valleys of the fall . gosh, mountains, the toughest parts of the work is probably getting l sales and the equipment to a base tense. carrying up to 30 kiddos of scientific equipment, food on camping gear, they track through the forest. there are no trails here. it's quite a tough job. but this is the beauty of the work activity that we go to these most

from which places the nearby colleague a friend takes fat and sick is heading to another research site. he'll collect samples from an insect truck instead of a device to record the csa. of the seas, gathering data from romania as primeval, far as to use as a benchmark for assessing bio diversity in other european forests. bio diversity is significantly higher in old growth forest study, managed ones, making the loss of untouched forests. a major concern by diversity is losing in france. simple deforestation, and dig relation is the, the main reason the for ongoing worldwide lo,

diversity loss for forestry industry can also benefit from studying these pristine forests. for example, by understanding how natural structures make forest small, resilient to climate change requirement to increase quite fast. the loss of the costs and the nature of the co systems are equal assistance from which we can we can learn. yes. right. so he misstated in for his mother's mind a mix of tree ages, a diversity of species under which eco system all contribute to a prime evil forest. the ability to adapt to change we can say that primary for us are something like a lumber authority for us and for a liberal 3 for science and for assigned to the work in romania is primeval forest is tough, but rewarding. the research conducted by re unemployed and i take that in 2nd, that teams help us put pressure on the romanian government. in 2020,

they implemented new protections, but primeval forest, here and one of europe wildest valleys. today, most of europe, forest are managed. trees are planted and harvested for their wood. the trees stand in perfect rows and everything looks neat and orderly. but for forest florida drive, it needs a lot the flames to help things along. the 1st worms are coming to the rescue. helping forest adapt to climate change. martin glen our own $38.00 heck, there is a forest in southern germany. most of it is dominated by spruce trees. for years, spruce was considered ideal for the region, but rise and temperatures are taking a toll. he's determined to transform his forest into a thriving mixed woodland. so far,

he's following the standard 3 selections recommended by the forestry service. yeah, let's see for plans for there's a lot of maple trees were planted and, and the connect for a segment. we also planted a lot of for trees, and we're also testing out a small number of douglas 1st visuals on time. but dominic yolanda prefers to think big. he's a researcher with a life future forest project and specializes in studying for us soil's. he believes that nurturing a healthy and living soil is key. the building for 4050 when we say and living, so we mean the organisms that inhabited the female and we'll take a look here, but probably won't find all that much. these organisms are crucial for breaking down bio mass like needles and leaves into humans, which is might offer 3 help on that environment with that. so if you're interested in healthy soil is rich and humorous, which provides essential nutrients for plants. first forms play

a central role in creating humans, but how many earth forms actually live here? to find out a mix of mustard oil, alcohol, and water, it seems to coax the worms out of the soil. the number is then extrapolated to a hector. this method is standard in organic farming, but in forestry, the role of soil organisms has largely been overlooked. looks and it's causing kind of dolphin. so there's very little data on earth worms and for us to maximum of this together and incredibly underestimated species, they performed vital tasks for the forest floor. for example, the channels they create allow water to see through reducing the risk of flooding. these channels also enable trees to grow deeper routes and reach ground water, helping them survive and thrive even during the long dry spell. in spite approximate length of this, but various forms don't do well in the acidic soil of a spruce forest. puts a slight can into unfortunately we haven't found a single or a form here so on. that's not surprising. given that the soil has been shape, find

a spruce growing here for 70 to 80 years before that they were probably spruce trees here too. so from our perspective, the soil is as lifeless as it gets. there's absolutely nothing living in it clicked on it. so it does kind of an exec, none at all. my team plan our own to another plot of land. 30 years ago, a storm toppled the spruce trees and beach grew in their place. for many experts that would count as a success. but dominic london begins by examining the soil. this is due to the offices last year's layer, and it hasn't decomposed much. so there's not much sort of life here. it's not a living soil and beach leaves like oak leaves contain quite a bit of tannic acid, which earth worms are all that king it onto the box. so how do you invite earthworms into your forest? with the right trees must be all and it's like on from birth forms, love naples,

lyndon's, horn beams, and wild surface trees. somebody. if i have enough of these trees in my forest, i'll have healthy living soil and my body didn't help. but hobby's young from board not far away. i'm on hoffman has spent the last 30 years putting the living social philosophy into practice. he also puts a lot of salt and care and attending to the trees, and it's paying off board mailbox. and the reason disperse which these are growing much better. i have far fewer species dying out which lowers my vulnerability to climate change to all things to living soil. i mean, it goes because it's 40 different 3 species grow here. i'm on hoffman has also planted many earth for him friendly species like the common white being dominic alonda. then we'll count 1st forms here to repeating his experiment.

sure enough. they discover one warm after the other. the thick layer of humus and the dense network of routes are clearly visible. now met him, so we already found 7 or 8 or his forms in just a few square centimeters. busy the soil is thoroughly mixed down to the depth. we don't miss the vanity these earth worms have been hard at work and creating humus that stores water and allows it to see through it's remarkable going comedy central central to monte vanilla. also plans to sell his temper more relying on species, mike, linton and maple give them enough trees to work with unlimited storage by stuff like if there are several good tree stations to choose from, i can pick the next one to plant based on its toil and other benefits less important. don't have to defend is that it's a really exciting process into your system. but earth warms can do it alone. a

true forest of the future needs and living soil, diverse structures and a mix of tree species. and half of them should be, are torn friendly. the 1st ones are great. but what about beaver's? they've had a tubs, history, and 19th century, europe. they were hunted nearly to extinction. but now there are protected species and are making a comeback. returning to the old habitat and it is their nature, they're busy, re shaping their surroundings and for us are benefiting to to spot one, it's best to get up early or stay up late. fevers are naturally shy, primarily nocturnal and masters of camouflage.

but the trace i say leave behind are unmistakable beavers are natural builders, re shaping the environment they live in like here and a former forestry plantation in switzerland and many trees have died in the forest as now the deep and water everywhere you look there tell tale signs such as tooth marks, visitors, switzerland's most famous beaver territory, and the centre piece of a 4 year research project. the project brings together ecologist spot in this amazon wall logistics commission by the swiss environmental agency studies 16 different fever territories. their main question is, how do beavers shape their environments? what might seem like random destruction at 1st glance is actually the fine art of eco engineering. i was

definitely very surprised by the magnitude of some of these be very impacts for either much don't. what amazes me is that it's always like this. i'm, i'm listening. i just give them access to the right spot and they do rest on the done from within the us on the line. the are raising beaver cast or fiber is europe's largest road and for nearly 15000000 years they've been shaping europeans for us. knowing on trees and eating young shoots and herbs. they're also known to raid crops from nearby farms and gardens. beavers live as a family and it be for a large and are territorial. they don't welcome strangers. by the time young beaver's turn to they leave to find a territory of their own camp. stay here. the next generation will soon take their place. the beavers establish their territories along rivers and

streams. dragging massive amounts of building materials to construct their largest and dams. these dams create ponds and much of the lodge lies beneath the surface. fevers prefer an underwater entryway. with their ambitious construction projects, these busy creatures dramatically transform their habitat at the same time, they help address the bio diversity and climate crises so and compete con, i know it goes to an area like this can hold a lot of water, which allows for some exchange with the ground water and give you some assessment that helps replenish groundwater. to a certain extent, you to ask the principals and steering drive periods. so in this area, can feed water back into the stream below for a longer time than it could without a beaver dam bye to mc osman. this kind of people that researchers have also discovered the beaver dams benefit fish population. in the past,

it was thought that the dams might negatively affect fish migration and movement. to study this ecologist, tact, fish and release them nearby for damage. the antenna is track their migration and the results show that even at low water levels and with relatively high dams, the fish can still swim freely and even thrive. fishing goes so that the courtesy should we find a bigger, healthier fish and a greater variety of issues because the habitat is so different. and on the top you thought this on the labels all this so bio diversity is one major benefit. scientists have found that these unique habitats attracts a wide variety of plants and animals in the water. the teams studies plankton diversity, beaver upon support up to 40 percent more species,

and the slower flow rate more than doubles the amount of bio mass for stream changes into a pond. and by changing into a pond and having like a what area around it, it does change the composition of the organism. cindy, obviously impact on the other organisms that leave on them as predators or, or facilitators. and these creates, you know, huge differences at the local scan in terms of, of general, by the, of us it's pcs, interactions, flowers organisms of that kind. surveys in several fever territories. show that on average, these areas, the port $2.00 times more species. and 7 times more individual flora and fauna, and then in rivers sections without the 1st open choice stream $22.00 species of drag and 5 here, 5 up stream. 16 aquatic plants here. none upstream for

a species of fish. here too. i birds benefit from the increase in price as do some highly endangered mammals, like fats, which fine perfect hunting conditions at night over the beaver pond. beavers even effect the chemistry of the atmosphere and soil. sentiment analysis reveals that areas near beaver pond store about 50 percent more carbon than other locations spots. a national alert shows that this here is a very rich and carbon energetic matter. it smells a bit rotten to like egg fund i to z. and in contrast, this gray color indicates that there is significantly less carbon in here, cool and stuff. and so beaver's also help track greenhouse gases in the fight against climate change and species lost. they've proven in valuable,

at least in places where they're allowed to live and build undisturbed beavers usually nettle on young plants and trees. they generally ignore old trees. these giant guardians of nature, that store huge amounts of c o. 2. 1 project in germany is working to protect them and help them thrive. the comb in eastern germany is home to a special lime tree more than 800 years old. a true tree of the ages. this ancient giant is more than a historical landmark. it's a climate champion because it surroundings stores water and absorbs as much c o 2 as $800.00 younger trains. and tell us to hold off at the mass a professor of tree biology at the technical university of trust. and he's on

a mission to protect these last surviving climate giants by identifying them, providing specialized care and mapping them as national heritage stories. he hopes to preserve them for generations. 915. this is a call to discuss months on i'm one of the goals of this map is to ensure that each national heritage tree, there's no more than 100 kilometers from the next one. this way you could toward germany visiting 50 trees in 2 weeks and the thing 2 or 3 trees a day to see, i don't know if we plan to publish it as a book from like a travel guide does, does all be in the eyes of fuel intrigue go to the whole north, discovered his passion for old trees at the botanical garden and forest, and ton where he was director for 30 years. that's also where he developed the criteria for a national heritage tree. it must be at least 400 years old and have a trunk circumference of more than 4 meters. sons made

a i own devices. he's also on the lookout for trees, showing signs of age related damage as i'm in the middle. every hole and every dead branch pads to the trees point value, which can reach a maximum of 60 or $65.00 points. but that doesn't mean the tree is near the end of its life long. so a chestnut tree like this, even with several dead branches. good, live, another 800 years of yahoo! the spotlight is on trees and the decay you say so which begins at 200 to 400 years old and can last for centuries depending on the species. during this phase, the tree develops cavities becoming a vital refuge for rear organisms. these aging giants team with life earning the name habitat trains as to how much a good notes we can use as a wallet just studied this chestnut tree and compiled a report item total. he found 103 species of beetles and astonishing number far

more than we ever expected. for the deepest advantage in some of the beatles you identified were thought to be extinct. it's always good store, for example, and this type of click beat on this new key. it's considered a relic of the primeval forest and there are been only 5 recorded sightings inside . so noon is actually vis. riverbank is another protected area, but illegal logging remains a problem. biologists from the university of copeland's have documented cases of 140 year old beach trees being felt here. even though it's punishable by law. you know, this red each has a whole likely made by a blackboard packer. it's a habitat tray, it should never been cut down. now it's decaying fung dyer taking over and it will probably end up as firewood annual. it's conservation authorities don't monitor these areas closely enough. as a result,

trees are often felled for profit in nature reserves to even though it's clearly illegal. sanders, of course, that's intentional and that's probably all about the money. it's deliberate and the illegal loggers just hope no one complains democracy yet it's not just in for us and protected areas where trees can be harmed by human hands. here there's a roadside tree that's been poorly proved, clearly the work of amateurs. yeah, that'd be. that's what happens when the lowest, the better gets the job. a large healthy branches were pruned supposedly for traffic safety. but even branches on the side away from the road were removed. cuts like the should never exceed the diameter of 10 centimeters in diameter. starting to find this, norway maple will start to the k. it can't see a lot of wounds this big, leaving it vulnerable a fun guy. and big question will eventually spread into the trunk comes on, was damaged like this site estimates

a tree has about 20 years left. one of the rare places where trees can grow old naturally as in parks, like the one at i'd sell the monasteries, claudius and becca a passion to treat historian overseas their care. keeping these aging giants healthy requires individualized attention deficit. see the electric pulling that is a this cover beach was infected with gun exam, a found god. so we had to act quickly and talk with this a good audience. we introduced a trick, a damn a fungus pick up a 9 antagonist that naturally fights the guy know dam on that to lease pretends from the around 35000 trees here, some 3 percent require specialized care, costing around a 1000000 euros annually. links to alicia vines, as long as honestly we need every bit of funding we can get in these effect projecting valuable treatment is site and especially in the face of climate change

is a matter of survival. trees are living history just like the ancient walls that often stand beside them. the court, lime tree, and con, earned its name because criminals were once chained to an iron ring beside of black lifting their crimes. public meetings were also help initiates, sprawling branches. heavy i live in, man, you can call if we hadn't stepped in the tree could have collapsed this spring under the weight of its newly video moving without securing it all. that's exactly what would have have the organizational impulse here. the comb lime is believed to be the oldest tree in saxon, and it's just been named the 21st national heritage tree in germany now and will be cared for with the most advanced forestry techniques. and it could lead to be a 1000 years old or more. the

thanks for joining us on this journey through forests centuries, the unsung heroes of our environment. see you again next time on tomorrow. today. the science show on dw bye for now. the, the, the

big for the time we talk about private data isn't helping decide crying social media on the incentive to ship because our digital networks world not as done. so what are the biggest challenges we'll talk about that shift coming up on d. w in the stranglehold of creditors, thousands of people in come on victims of so called like clothes,

which are easy to obtain. but come with a high interest rate resulting in a vision from which there is no escape trapped by debt. in 15 minutes on the w, the she suffice to 100 is oh no, it was an ocean. it's as a to you it was only much nation that you day to confront to deal with me to embark on that journey. i survived are the starts january 24th on d w. so you don't think and feel

the same way you expect and one different things from life, from your parent. i just want to pursue what steps my saw on fire or you think you kid is 2 different, risky, irresponsible, unreasonable, all stuff. i want my son to become a doctor to in the canal. it's time to to and then when generation nash, which now dw documentary, the frankfurt a lot, international gateway to the best connection, south road and radio. located in the heart of europe, you are connected to the world experience outstanding shopping and dining offers. antonio's services be our guest at frankfurt and bought cd,

managed by frank bought the . this is data we news and these are a top story of israel's government has ratified a ceasefire deal with her laws and the bringing a 6 week pause to the war and gaza. the deal went ahead after hours, long deliberation, and strong resistance by several far right cabinet ministers. the 1st hostages are expected to be released on sunday and us supreme court has upheld a law banning tick tock from operating in the country unless the platform is sold by its china.