yes, face to face, please, for every force in this world, there is a counter force, necessarily in the case of russia, i also would not overestimate its capabilities, they did it themselves, they overestimated their own capabilities, so success depends on the consolidation of efforts, so far, really, no other country does not fight against russia, but the consolidation of the world community is extremely important and vital, to the extent that they will support ukraine with weapons, financially support with humanitarian aid, etc. of sanctions, one of the most key issues now is the refusal to buy russian energy carriers, this is the thing that is really capable of inflicting a greater blow on russia than even the possible supply of weapons to ukraine, so we see what to

do. it is possible that the task of the ukrainian army, of course, is to inflict maximum losses on the enemy and to fight with the occupiers, and the task of our diplomacy is to support these international efforts to support ukraine and the isolation of russia in order to prevent the weakening of this anti-russian front, such an economic and diplomatic one, because there is such a threat, there is no doubt that the so-called war fatigue will grow in other countries, that they will try to somehow adapt to the situation, somewhere there will be elections on the noses of politicians they, too, will try to mimic their voters here, the same thing can happen in ukraine

, war fatigue can grow in any case none of us has the right to allow ourselves to relax and get tired let's rest after the victory in any case. i know that the field of your research and the field you are interested in is somewhere around the intersection of the 19th and 20th centuries, and in particular the ukrainian war for independence in the years 17-21 , which, unfortunately, was lost and it is really difficult for these 4 years. you have to study a lot, understand, know, read different diaries, research, memories, er, to actually orient yourself well, because what happened there, i am interested in such a question , they always say ukraine lost because there was no unity, ukraine lost because it was weak support for the west well, there were also problems in the west and quite significant ones, well, ukraine lost there for some reason, but in reality, please tell me , in this war that lasted a long time, were there any opportunities for ukraine to take place and

defend its independence? how poland defended its own. well, at least until the 39th year, there were no such opportunities a priori. and if they were and were lost. let's just say, i almost said another word that arestovich likes. so why were they lost, please? there are a lot of different things here . factors, but on the one hand, you know, it can be considered that if the ukrainian state could not take place then, it means that it had no chance, but on the other hand, you can think about certain turning points when something could really help the ukrainian state to hold on. in my opinion, one of the of such turning points is the year 1918, when the ukrainian people's republic and the ukrainian state of hetman skoropadsky rych existed, in that after the peace of brest-lithuania, ukrainians received serious military support from germany and austria-hungary and no one knows and cannot guess

this already. alternative history is for fiction writers. we should turn to what could have happened if germany and austria-hungary had not lost in 1918-the first world war and would not have withdrawn their troops from ukraine if this support was maintained for a few more years. it is quite possible that the ukrainian state could stand firmly on its feet during that period. unfortunately, this did not happen, and the ukrainian state was also weakened due to internal constant contradictions, incoherence, the struggle of various political forces in fact became a victim of the bolshevik white guard expansionism, this is how, in principle, we can say a look at your opinion now . well, i understand for myself that it is very difficult . tests fall on our generation for several generations. maybe i am not talking about the collapse of the

soviet union. the chernobyl accident . hungry nineties and banditry and so on. now this test, i don't know, maybe it was possible to be commensurate with the chernobyl disaster. but again, it was an invisible enemy that struck and again in limited in a limited reality, now rockets hit all of ukraine and this happens every day, but can we agree that it is possible? i believe in some higher power that is so um, you can call it different people, but something like that controls history. maybe they are so visible as they would like well, but there is some kind of management and maybe our generation even though we speak different languages ​​until now in ukraine there are different views and vote for different politicians and like different movies and there, well, there was a lot, a lot of things different maybe now we became more united but maybe this generation is really the most ready and morally and physically and

spiritually the most ready to give this last one for russia to the fighters of the empire and therefore it fell to our fate that now the generation is the most ready, there is no doubt at all because if to compare with the situation that existed 100 years ago during the ukrainian revolution, then simply the level of national self-awareness was not commensurately lower, then a huge part of the population felt that they were not even ukrainians, but somehow completely apolitical, but if read memoirs there about the ukrainian revolution, everyone writes that peasants are simple soldiers, workers, they often called themselves little russians, and someone called khokhly , someone orthodox, someone christian, etc., etc. the nation was then still at the stage of formation, not at the stage of consolidation. now we have 2022, the nation

is already created. she is completely self-aware, she is completely mature, worthy of her own independent state , therefore, it is definitely a historical chance and historical opportunity that cannot be lost under any circumstances. and now i have all the opportunities for this and i would like to add that this was foreseen by the people of the past and back in 1895, yulian bachynskyi, a western ukrainian thinker, wrote the book ukraine iridenta, where, as it is believed, for the first time, he formulated the idea of ​​an independent ukrainian state that unites the west and the east, and he wrote that in the future all will become ukrainians who live here, that is, russians, poles and jews, he wrote, they will become ukrainians in the context of ukrainian citizenship and patriotism. because the ukrainian state will make everyone ukrainian patriots

, they can speak different languages, they can they may practice different religions, have different cultures , but they will become citizens of ukraine and ukrainian patriots. by the way, i now suggest watching a video about our ukrainian children, what they have become, what this war is doing to them, how well they understand what ukraine is, how they love it, and who really is the enemy let's see what time to sit they mean there was a roadblock and

alarm and they sing the national anthem of ukraine there are not isolated stories like this all over ukraine children fight with the russians beat them and create roadblocks fight this generation is growing up, this generation will be, i think. how do you see what will grow from the blood of this war? yes, these are actually difficult times and a great tragedy that we pay for our independence with the lives of our citizens, this is a huge tragedy, but the truth is that freedom is never given to a generation in vain. are now growing up who are witnesses of these historical events, these are already people who were born in independent ukraine, who are growing up in independent ukraine, who are being formed right

here, seeing all this. with their own eyes, they are never told to russians what russia committed against our country, that genocide, these are people who study in ukrainian school in ukrainian universities and the future of the ukrainian nation is definitely being educated. i thank you very much for this conversation. thank you for taking the time to join and talk about the importance of worldview things volodymyr murayev, candidate of historical sciences , employee of the research center for humanitarian problems of the armed forces of ukraine and co-author of the well-known project on youtube, history without myths, i wish you success in this work. i apologize for your work . we are creating our victory this was the program vasyl's world view winter all the best and watch the express congratulations news

of the economy during the war i am andriyanitsky on the espresso tv channel wednesday, june 29 if you watch us on the internet, please like it, comment like this, more people will see us today, i have a lot of positive news, first of all, ukraine is starting to sell electricity abroad, the project was approved by the european network of current transmission system operators, the technical base is ready, so the supply to other countries will start on june 30, he said minister of energy herman galushchenko, the volume of current exports will gradually increase, this will bring additional funds to the state budget and allow to stabilize a possible financial crisis in the ukrainian energy market i would like to remind you that our country became part of the european energy market only in february, earlier than it was planned to do so in july, fuel shortages at gas stations will disappear and

restrictions will be lifted in one hand, said the head of the energy committee of the verkhovna rada, andriy gerus , according to him, in june already from european to ukrainian more than 600,000 tons of petroleum products entered the market, of which 400,000 tons are diesel and 200,000 are gasoline and liquefied gas. he states that the situation at gas stations is stabilizing, although there is still a certain deficit in the center and east of the country. let's listen to the direct language of this process, which has already begun due to the saturation of the ukrainian market and it will continue in the near future. we hope that in july the situation will be normalized, if today at some gas stations there is a limit of 40 liters per car, and at some more 20 liters remain, then in july these limits will either be raised, or perhaps by the end of july, they will be removed altogether, so that ukrainian motorists

will be able to freely refuel with any amount of gas from the city of gola prystan in the kherson region she was forced to leave her home on the first day of the full-scale invasion on february 24. since then, they have been living in lviv, but they are not sitting idly by. the tastiest immigrants successfully sell their drink, they say the secret lies in the ancient technology of brewing on the sand well, the unusually mobile coffee machine, or rather the coffee train, as the owners call it, also arouses the interest of the locals watch more in the plot, she's not very hot for herself. i'm already driving, she's smoking near me, and i 'm driving. it's clear that i'm moving. i'm just pedaling, but it's moving like a real steam locomotive

, nowhere, and i can still see the driver because of this boiler, i still look in one direction . this is how every morning a person from the kherson region, dmytro sevak, goes to work, carrying his mobile coffee machine in front of him. the man made this unit with his own hands already in lviv. the principle of operation is that a simple fire in the stove heats the water with which the barista brews coffee, and the main stage of preparation takes place on the sand, which is also hot. the tradition of coffee was created on the sand. this is a common, traditional method for many, many thousands of years. the people have already moved away from this a little bit. we are returning to brewing and selling coffee . elena 's wife is from lviv, so with the beginning of the full-scale russian aggression, the family had nowhere to move, but it was not easy with work, dmytro's temporary part-time jobs as a loader and construction worker

ended and the spouses decided to do the same in the new place as they did at home. god, rope parks, there was such a small coffee shop. that's why, for years, probably everyone brewed such coffee on sand, in principle, the principle is the same as here. because we are actually and they have already moved to this coffee train, here are the spices, we chose the spices that people like, the spices are prepared on the sand and finely ground after milling, the grains are sent to lviv as a city of coffee, the immigrants say they have something to surprise the locals, and this is coffee, well unusually strong even for lviv residents, many people say oh, we are not used to such strong coffee, but this is real coffee, if we say coffee, and not about whom the drink is, the coffee should be like that where the elevator floats, you raised it, and then we will be nothing there without it nothing, thank you, delicious. thank you very much. the people of lviv like

kherson coffee. we go to work and we decided to try this kharkiv coffee, or what kind of kherson coffee, then we decided what it is, because i am a native of lviv and i am already sick of lviv. which they will tell you honestly and i wanted to somehow help these people to earn some money and try their coffee. but it is very convenient because you can walk with the children, you go straight to drink coffee and so on. there is no city near here except to the south. well, it is also a little far, but it is very convenient here, if you want, you can always to find a way out, the main thing is not to give up, that is why i am very supportive. someone buys coffee to support the displaced people, and someone has already fallen in love with this drink made from a dzhezva

heated on the sand . from time to time, there is a craving for coffee. they come here not only for coffee, but for communication, this is a separate thing, but i miss you, communication, i work with people, i am interested, i want to talk to someone for six stories , everyone comes with their own story, they want to talk, they want to be heard, and even though things are lviv is doing well. dmytro dreams that one day he will get on his coffee train and go to his native kherson oblast, liberated from the invaders. i don't want to stay in lviv. i want to go home. i really want to go back. iryna ostrovska oleg polymar espresso is sure that we will visit khersonskyi kava not only in lviv, but also in the kherson region. now let's talk about macroeconomic topics with our traditional guests in the middle. two of our experts will be on the air

. of the icu group mykhailo demkiv congratulations , gentlemen, the united states has banned the export of gold to the russian federation with the russian federation. sorry, other countries are also thinking about it. this is at the meeting of the countries of the great sevens - this question was discussed, it surprised me a little, because gold is something that seems to me to be from the past years. where is it now, how is this metal used? well, except that they can use pe for a wedding ring. am i wrong? the volume of gold trade in the world is quite high. mykhailo, let's start even in 2022, gold is still to blame, every year it is used for approximately four thousand tons, and you really correctly

noted that about half of this amount goes to jewelry, engagement rings, various types of jewelry and countries such as india, the emirates, turkey, they are lovers of gold, they like to buy it, and these are actually those countries that are not very willing to join the russian sanctions, or rather do not join them, only 10% of all gold goes to the needs of the industry these are primarily electronics , computers, telephones, these things contain gold, and the remaining 40% is actually investment demand, which is bought by the central banks and russia, which, in principle, was not so noticeable on the world market, but everything is somewhere up to 10 % belongs to this country for many years, they have been actively buying their own gold of their own production into reserves somewhere. obviously

, they have been preparing it for sanctions for many years, and in principle, if we talk about the consequences of this decision , somewhere they estimate 14 billion dollars in export revenue. that is, this it is not a large amount, it is not a fact that all countries will join these sanctions, but this is another painful step of russia, which by itself does not change much, but the totality of such sanctions will certainly and painfully hit e economy of the russian federation so russian gold is becoming toxic, and russian propagandists very often say that the collapse of the dollar is about to come and everyone in the world will go back to the golden start and return to the old times . yevgeny, does it even make sense to talk about such conspiracy theories and what significance

will sales restrictions have for russia? gold, gold, it was and is one of such large investment assets, therefore, the conspiracy theory of the conspiracy theory, but it is one of the most exchangeable and fruitful e of the gold and currency reserves of any civilized central the coach of the civilized bank is also about the consequences, well, at first glance, it seems that the volumes are very small. last year, gold exporters from russia were about 17.4 billion dollars. this is about three percent of all russian exports, in fact, it is even less, because last year, russia was very strong, two of half the time, it was export growth because it did not buy gold in its reserves, so the impact is somewhere around 1.5-2 % of exports. balance, but the main thing here is the main sanctions. we are

waiting for that because britain is about 4/5 of all purchases of russian gold, they are recognized by the london stock exchange, it buys this gold, and if britain joins these sanctions, if britain bans the purchase of gold then there will be a very tangible blow to russia. this is the kind of small-scale tactics that will work. well, in the form of sanctions . well, i am glad that it is britain against another country. as far as i understand, britain is one of our most loyal allies. i hope that this is the solution. will be accepted but we will talk not only about gold, we will move on to more modern financial instruments, we will talk about military bonds so , the ministry of finance has placed military bonds for e 2 billion uah - this is a relatively small amount, we know that there are already hundreds of billions of such debt securities placed,

but to be noticeable, no, the rates are not increasing, that is, they are all quite low, yevgeny, let's continue our conversation with you, what about these bonds, mm, what does such a small volume and such low rates indicate, my impression is that the market you know, as they say, the market is waiting for the real price, the market is waiting for the ministry of finance to raise interest rates in response to the national bank's rate hike, so it is quite inactive now that banks, even individuals, are investing in military funds, we see that at the beginning of june, we even have deposits the population in these ovdps, they decreased by almost billions of hryvnias, well, the truth is due to foreign currency ovdps. therefore, now, in fact, everyone is watching every tuesday

to see if the ministry of finance will raise their pockets. they are not raising rates yet, what will this end up with ? personally, i would like dolphin to raise the rates, because the main thing is to attract funds, and service costs are here. at this stage - in my opinion, this is secondary, but we will wait. because the situation as it is now is actually very unstable. and when the discount rate is 25, and the rates are for hryvnias gdp is 9,500, mr. mykhailo, i have a question for you, that is , from my point of view, it looks like it is actually not such bad news, that is, no one is forcing anyone to buy these debt securities, at least now, that is why the market can react and show your uh real demand, that is, if someone was somehow forced to do it, then the volumes would be much larger, is there room for optimism, well , limited optimism, they calculated that after

the start of the full-scale invasion, the ministry of finance attracted to through the utp, it is 60 billion hryvnias less than he paid off during this time, paid off the bonds and also paid out interest income, that is, the sums are really low and they overlap somewhere due to the issue due to the purchase of bonds by the national bank directly to the ministry of finance in the amount of uah 225 billion, and actually when we talk about the fact that we expect an increase in rates, which would be more adjusted with inflation, we are talking about the fact that such an increase will stimulate demand, people will buy more bonds and the national bank will have to print less. in order to help the ministry of finance finance its expenses, let's

continue the financial topic. here are our colleagues, investigators from the e-e scheme program, found that russia pays its military through gazprombank, that bank for some reason is still not under sanctions. yevgeny, why gazprombank is not under sanctions, it seems to me that the story here is that gazprombank is the only one of the russian big banks that can finance expert import operations, well, in their own words, the purchase of oil and gas. because all other banks that are able to make settlements with russia in such volumes are already under sanctions and that's why you know the moral and ethical dilemma here. after this investigation, on the one hand , there are allegedly no alternatives to gazprombank. because other russian banks simply won't pull, on the other hand, not to impose sanctions on the bank that finances there terrorists, too. well, this is a kind of dubious practice. of course, it would all be easier if europe

gave up russian oil and gas altogether, but at this stage they are not ready. but why wouldn't russia use some small banks? i know that after the 14th year, they used such banks in crimea, for example, so that, even if they fall under sanctions, the financial system of russia itself will not be affected, that is, here they could pay their military through some anonymous banks, but this is such an audacity specially to show that here we have gazprombank and you can't do anything with it, well, it's a very characteristic feature, but by and large, the russians don't care which bank they pay their military through, how much, well, because of their internal card system, it works in russia even after the introduction of sanctions, after the castle was closed like that, they announced their withdrawal from russia, that is, technologically, they can charge their

citizens with rubles to their military, but they will not use them abroad, because, well, this it is absolutely clear that they will not go there legally, so by and large it doesn’t matter sberbank gastro-bank are you or atb pays the military here, the question is only in the export of oil and gas as long as europe is ready to buy it, at least one bank will not to subscribe, we have very little time left, but i still took the risk, the question is very short: are you satisfied with russia's default, which was literally announced by the moody's agency yesterday , and piskov responded - the press secretary of the russian president reacted moody's can talk about the bankruptcy of russia about russia's default. if the rating agency refused to rate us, mr. mykhailo,

let's continue talking with you, what is left to do if all the western press talks about russia's default, people like him with default of the russian empire 100 years ago, and he must be involved except in relation to the details, yes, the agency stopped rating the country. but formally, the default must be fixed at least to pay people who bought insurance i have such a defoe, yevgeny, are you satisfied with russia's default, or is it still not enough? of course, they are satisfied, of course not enough. the question is that russia's default there is a fact. and what more will putin and others be quick to say that we don't have a default, all the more so ? they will actually have a lady, so let them say thank you, dear experts, we will meet with you next wednesday, and finally, i have one more positive news, this is such a completely optimistic issue well, if

amazon does not go to ukraine, then ukrainian companies themselves go to amazon, and this time it is about the state enterprise ukrposhta, which opened its store on this international internet e-e platform, now you can buy stamps there, said the general director of the company ihor smilyanskyi, this is the first such case in the world of e-commerce , currently there are postage stamps in the online assortment with a dream ship, as well as clothes and caps with an inscription about where the russian ship should go. eventually , goods from other sellers will appear in the store, which they will be able to deliver to the usa on this today it was all news of the economy during the war, we come out on weekdays every morning at 8:00 a.m. and repeat in the evening at 11:00 p.m. i'm andrii yanitsky , espresso tv channel, together we will win