was born, the owners work from dawn to sunset, the siren began, the soil in the rear, we will be able to close this food crisis in our region, in our community, a battalion of farmers . business, people are all grouping up, working, it is important than ever before , we will revive our cities and our economy. i love ukraine. i was born here and i want to live here. we work with faith in ukraine. watch the project to find

your own by kateryna osadchai from the search for the missing every monday at 21:30 1+1 returns to the air with you night watch we continue our discussion and here we are together well, the car has become like that , everyone is talking about cars, yes, but uh, together with cars, in april, the customs duty and payment of vat on the import of any goods into ukraine were canceled, yes, this uh, it caused certain discussions in business circles . - and together with the return of duty payment on the car is returned, the customs duty on the goods, on the goods and, well, on everything that goes to ukraine, but you know, few people talk about this at all, but how well and this well, everyone understands why there are customs duties on certain goods at all, it is the protection of the domestic

producer on any country imposes a duty on imported goods there or components there for production in order to protect those businessmen who also do exactly that inside the country , how do you understand the initiative, it is also a mistake well, yes, in our country, cars are like cats, that is, everyone is interested yes, and they collect the most likes on - in fact, if you look at the structure of our budget's income there, well, about 40%. almost half of this is revenue from customs, that is, we have internal business, well, this topic is very popular in our country, that business pays very high taxes. well, here we also need to look at the segments, and there, for example, from the wage fund, a lot of taxes are really paid by the income tax on income not very much , but if it is structured, it is really an internal business, less taxes have been paid than that given by the customs office, i.e. customs payments are a value- added tax, part goods and customs and import duties, this is actually taxation of non

-domestic business, this is taxation of imported goods flows, i.e. those that enter the domestic market. that is, it is actually poles that the state collects from importers for access to the domestic market well, according to the theory, these buttons are transferred to the end consumer, that is, the end consumer pays vat and party duty, and in the final price but this theory does not work for us or works very limited because that we actually have a certain price at which you can sell goods on the domestic market, many markets are monopolized and there will be value added tax in the price structure, everything will not be equal and the partner will sell at the highest possible price on the domestic market thus, when such opaque internal competitive mechanisms, e.e., any tax benefits, they actually do not benefit the consumer, that is, the tax benefit does not lead to a price reduction, but they simply go into the pocket of the person who sells the product, that is, well

a simple example, for example, buckwheat yes, it is imported buckwheat and if it costs, if they will buy it yes buckwheat yes if people can pay uah 100 for it, then they will be sold for uah 100 despite the fact that vat will be added to this imported price , see if there will be, that is, the difference is only in because the importers who import this buckwheat, in fact, if there is a tax benefit, there are additional 20 or 30 hryvnias for one kilogram, he would put it in his pocket, but the difference is the same, it is logistical problems. that is, again, the question is that in we are reducing taxes and the problem of imports is not solved because by reducing there completely canceling vat on imports we will not unblock our ports, that is, there will be no more imports from this, then in this regard, a classic example is the price of fuel, well, everyone can see that there are huge benefits now the excise tax was reduced to zero, the value-added tax was reduced

to 7.8%, and in fact, and at the same time, there is no a pavlov, and it is still increasing in price, that is, to understand what you said, that we just correctly rhymed, and now we have fact so we we return just as we and on imports, there is a second fact, the last one is there for two months when you come to the store. so your final check becomes bigger even if you buy imported goods there, including imported goods, from this, your forecast or your understanding of the situation with the cancellation of customs duties on and prices for people are not in the same store, so they will become higher . still, as i understood, you hinted that they will not change, look, and regardless of whether there will be customs taxes or not, prices will rise, this is called cost inflation or inflation costs of the economy of the military state. that is, all these costs and the logistical risks of the supply of goods are

transferred to the domestic consumer and always operate in such a market. companies that receive excess profits because in high risks they are compensated by profits here. the question is whether the state will be taxed on profits or not. will be, and the prices will continue to rise steadily, that is, the reason will be how they can explain to us later. it is not that we are returning. we have returned the taxes there, and the prices will continue to rise. i can to assure you that if they were not returned at customs, everything is exactly the same. in september, you saw the increase in the prices of all social goods and services that are now available. well, the goods are yes, you remember, we discussed on the air why the price of oil and the price of meat are increasing now yes, for example, oil used to make up 70% of a bottle of oil, it was the oil itself, 30%, it was the packaging, logistics, now, on the contrary, the oil itself as a product is very much violated by theft of 30%. and 70%, then

the bottle and logistics also cost cancellation because it was a very powerful parter, that is, it is really profitable for the importer, he created a unique system, including for certain channels from the flow of capital from the country, well, look, for example, we take the fop, which is sitting on uah 10 billion. it passed the circulation of uah 10 billion 2% pays from the turnover, he can actually buy some imported goods there and abroad to show that its value was, for example, a billion hryvnias and establish that its value is actually not a billion 500 million , it is actually impossible to check this before this manipulations, i.e. using the channel of import operations or for the outflow of capital from the country, they were restrained by the fact that it was necessary to pay 20% vat, and in our apartments, on the contrary, they always understated the import value there, for example, sandals from china cost $10 there yes, for example, they understated and now on the contrary, they overestimate

import contracts in order to simply withdraw capital because they pay only 2% of this amount , that is, in fact, a huge cash conversion of cash hryvnias into a non-cash dollar somewhere in the west we have them, now the scheme costs 2%. in fact, you drive currency abroad under the so -called critical import, and you buy this critical import at a fixed rate of 2925 because it is already fixed, we do not have an interbank, that is, you also use the support of the state from the point of view of the exchange rate of the administrative rate and in fact for two percent, you can choose any amount abroad, there were many, especially the same import vat was converted into export vat when the importer brings a container of shoes there, pays with he has 10,000 dollars there, for example, vat, then he sells shoes, sells shoes to another company, and then these shoes turn into some kind of seed or into a cake and turn into export vat, which is compensated for by whom, but we are now

talking a little, a little, now we have come, it is changing in the direction of overestimation of import prices, because this is how you can take money abroad now, since the economy has lost, it is interesting in general, but we are constantly talking about losses and, er, we are talking about the fact that almost 50% of the economy of ukraine has stopped. by the way, about loss of the economy. yes, we are losing on exports . yes, we are talking about the loss of the economy at the level of a discussion about cars. so we are only talking about grain. that's right, but if, for example, the number one sector in terms of export revenue is really agriculture, then, for example, last year the volume of ukrainian exports was estimated at 68 billion dollars, of which 27 billion are agricultural products, but discussions about grain delay the second step of ukrainian exports, which is metallurgy, 22 billion dollars, and there are 3 billion the chemical industry has more problems. now we are talking about numbers, yes, which are yes. but in the

global plan, we have 27, well, it is blocked there, it is superimposed, because, uh, portish . industry. that is, almost, well, let's call it almost all of our exports , so it is now stopped. well, in fact, we now have a complete bankruptcy of our economic model, which will lead to a war, which, in principle, i criticized a lot, including in my articles, it was based on of the three main whales. it was a cat. the first cat. let's call it the so-called export of raw materials. this is the export of huge physical volumes there, ore, grain , and so on. for speed, for this, you need to have ports, because large transshipment can go only through the port, and the second - these are the so-called labor transports of our workers who were abroad, who sent 15 billion dollars here to ukraine, and the third one - this is the it sector, which in our country was called that there would be a third cat, in fact, these are cats, they turned out to be paper money well, they are paper

in fact, now they are under me, because you can say they simply melted in the water or they were simply burned at first during martial law, because now, for example, we have migrant workers, on the contrary, now men work in ukraine, transfer money to their families in europe, that is, a financial flow turned 180° large volume and physical volumes of raw materials we can no longer export, that is, we need to move from large physical volumes and raw materials to large added value in order to reduce it constantly and says that we do not have enough there every month about 5 billion that we need external borrowing, external money, that is actually in this financial import. let's talk, and it turned out that at the beginning of the war, in the first month of march, they brought in uah 95 billion of western investments , that is, what we were promised by western partners, and then for some reason this flow dropped sharply, they started importing 25 billion every month, and this is very, very

little, because ukraine needs at least 118 billion for defense alone - that's 18 billion every month, and under these conditions, it has now become the largest donor to the economy the national bank, let's see, printed a-a 200 billion uah in just one day, and on june 9, 70 billion uah came out of the trampoline factory, so that it is clear how much it is in terms of volume, and i will say yes, 1 billion uah, 1 million uah in 500 uah bills - that's 2.3 kg and 70 billion is 61 tons, i.e. 8 vans filled with 500 uah bills, and this is a huge amount of money, but you know, i am reminded of a simple children's truth that children say. if you need money, you can take it and print it, yes, that means that this money was printed and delivered distributed in banks to people, we simply have an emission, the mission does not take place for the

benefit of the economy or society, that is, we generally have very strong phantom pains from the point of view and the mission. an interview with the economic journalist serhiy lamts asked him three questions regarding the topic of the national bank printing money, how critical is it? let's listen to him and then discuss his thesis and for some reason supplement it. money, it is justified because in the conditions of the war, ukraine does not have any money inflows to the budget, that is, if we did not print money, then a large part of the citizens of ukraine would be left without money, and military financing programs for the military would also be left without money. unfortunately for the dead or injured people

, that is, all this needs real money right now. and when the economy is in a state of shock, when it is destroyed. well, i think a third of the industrial industrial potential of ukraine when people do not work because they have left, either within ukraine or beyond the border, well, there can’t be any taxes, it can’t be , everything doesn’t work abroad, it doesn’t give us as much money as we need, that is, the help of the west, it mostly goes to the purchase of new weapons, we have the only way left - it’s to print money, but well, that’s what we’re doing, but for now that it is quite safe, now the situation is such that we see inflation, but this inflation does not originate

from money, that is, imagine on the one hand there is a mass of goods, on the other hand there is money that there is a lot of money, this can lead to hyperinflation, but now it is a different case, now on the contrary, there is very little money in the economy, this is the first. that is, when the national bank prints money, it, you know, sort of compensates for the outflow of the money that was the second, and the inflation that exists, it is not of monetary origin, what does this mean, uh, it means that to growth it is not the large amount of people's money that leads to price increases; it is the increase in the price of energy carriers once the balance in the economy is disturbed. that is, we do not produce many things that we buy now and we need to import them abroad.

prices, etc., that's why they don't print how much money in this case, or vice versa, how much money they don't take , they continue to think about it, so right now it's quite safe. i think it's safe to print this money. why? because we have inflation of expenses, not inflation. experts of the national bank of their assessments because they model uh what they model they compare how many people are left uh what they need in order to literally live survive and receive such a necessary basket of goods and services and when they calculate how much fewer people have become and

how much money they need, then we can calculate how much money is needed, how much money it will be safe to calculate and print this money, this is the first and second. far from all the money that the national bank prints, they go to people, relatively speaking, a lot of money and go, for example, to purchase fuel , that is, they immediately go to currency market and they leave ukraine, i.e. they do not enter the country, they do not enter the country, they do not cause prices to rise here, that is, they do not have this money and now, for example, naftogaz of ukraine is planning to receive 200 or so billion hryvnias, which i imagine there is no place to take except that they will be printed by the national bank, and then with this money, we will buy currency that will be provided to us by our western partners, but this money will not go to the market, it will not go to pensioners, it will not go in our

wallets, that is, this money will not cause pressure on prices inside ukraine, and all these things must be put together, combined and understood by the national bank, that is, it has a large staff of analysts who understand this very well. the ministry of finance and the national bank help the budget in the form of such poisonous printing of money well, not all of us feel that way about ourselves, every ordinary citizen of ukraine, well, the national bank has actually changed finances, they are now like a cat and a dog more than 5 relationships remind well, as for the mission well, for one thing on the other hand, we are observing a huge monetary experiment , which many countries also wrote about. they started the direct mission of their central banks here, the direct financing of the government with money during the pandemic crisis. that is, it is not only the usa or is there the eu and developing countries, for example, also

indonesia, that is, they began to directly pump money into the economy so that after the end of this pandemic crisis, there was a quick start to the recovery of the economy, this really led to a certain increase in infectious processes there, but here the alternative would be that, well, this would not be applied, that is, now we see in the world there is an increase in inflation and if this mission had the national bank was like a citadel of retrogrades and conservatives. they said no, it's all bad, everything that is done in the world is all wrong, we will target inflation there, the inflation rate is the most important thing for us , and economic growth, the creation of new jobs , in general it's not up to us, it's up to the government well, as a result of such a policy, we had the lowest start of exiting the correspondence crisis, that is, if we look at 21 years, we had a growth of 3-4%, then this is a very low indicator, well, compared to the fall which had passed, well, even before last year, that is, we did not have this quick way out of the

crisis because there was no synergy between the efforts of the central bank and the government, that is what is also called an expanded government in the world when it is combined with the efforts of the central bank and the cabinet of ministers and they didn't want to do it, but the war forced them to turn to aggressive methods, and they actually know how to do it and cry, they do it, that is, the effect is positive, but the effect gives a squeezed economy, but they are all the same, well, you know how people, when a person does something that he is not sure about, they always try to somehow spoil everything, that is, they print money, but the discount rate was taken by more than 80 to 25%. completely stopped all lending to the economy in these credit processes and created absolutely such hothouse conditions for banks to earn on deposits with a certificate of the national bank, that is, they made an exchange between the banks. now, instead of lending to the economy, the banks give the national bank money under deposit certificates, for example, 23%. and in fact,

in this system of commercial banks of the national bank, 200 billion hryvnias are currently closed, that is, which circulate between them in the economy, this money does not go to this banks earn billions of hryvnias there if this money is not given to the economy, what kind of money does the country live on now? by the way if we look at the numbers, we prepared them in advance, so for which penny in general, which penny does the state budget receive, we can see the visualization of the calculations and see that the most taxes are precisely the most money is directed by taxes, it is customs and dividends, the state, the state, state-owned enterprises, 300 billion, on the second step, the national banks, which budget caused 209 billion hryvnias, on the third place, there are already grants and loans from western partners. well, that is, at least the figures seen, first of all, they show that in the conditions of war, ukrainians still provide for their country with their own money, and not what we are told that we are flooded with money from abroad

there is no place for children, this is the graph that they used, this is more or less the normal situation for our country, this is little, this is a lot, this is good, this is bad, that is, how do you understand this reality, this is you, what i said during our broadcast today, two more sources well i was talking about the customs, but now we are talking about the emission source, these are the two sources by which the economy of the country can survive during the war. that is, it is the customs that will give money to the budget and this emission source, which will also give money to the budget, all other sources are international help is there the population buys military bonds, these are only additional tools that will not be able to receive the budget, that is, now, in fact, if it were not for this emotional source, we would have seen a complete collapse of the economy and the social system, that is, there was no money to pay at all, and it is bad that this synergy of the government and the central national bank because, for example, the national bank gives a mission, the mission goes to the ministry of finance,

the treasury, the treasury pays pensions, salaries , this money remains, but not all of this money goes to in cash form, they are on card accounts, on the accounts of enterprises, that is, they spread throughout the banking system, and here the second stage must come into effect, when banks begin to lend to the economy at the expense of this resource. and they do not lend because the discount rate has been increased, they take this money and give it back to the national i mentioned the bank and the certificates of deposit, but in our country there are not only internal ones, there are also some burghs. yes, we already have a lot of external debts, so if we take the figures for december 31, 2021, well, the state debt was set at 86.61 billion dollars, of which 55% is foreign debt , respectively, domestic debt set at 45%. but in 2022, we can see on the chart that ukraine has to make payments on foreign debt in the amount of about 9 billion dollars. well, if you take this 9 billion dollars and divide it among the entire population there, how many of us are 44 million

people, then each ukrainian owes 2,235 dollars, but this is not are bad, they calculated that in belarus well, if you divide the foreign debt in belarus, then each belarusian owes $3,700 and you know, you noticed a trend that the more developed the country there is the united states and britain, the higher is the debt of each citizen. well, to the majority of russian citizens, they owe nothing to anyone, because there are chuvash people and somewhere in the distant taiga. and in the far east, people just live and have nothing to do with a debt of $4,000 per person in russia. well, they well, if you take developed countries, there is such a small feature that they print their debts in their national currency. and that is, here, but you know, i would like to touch on the topic of the possibility of writing off the external debt, yes, or some kind of restructuring of it, because there is a lot of it experts they are starting to talk about it, write why, the ministry of

finance - well, there is no need to use the word forgiven yes, it can be postponed, or reduced or revised in some way, draw up another payment algorithm, reduce interest, that is, there are various tools , and here we are, let's listen to one more short comment, er, serhiy alyancha about uh, is it possible at all, and then we will discuss it. i think this is an interesting topic, look, we have an interesting situation , such tools exist, and even more so, we are a warring country that is a victim of an attack, and for us it is already very many countries, many experts have proposed such a way as starting negotiations on restructuring or even writing off a part of the foreign debt, but these talks, these talks. they are still stopped

inside ukraine itself, that is, they are stopped at the level of the ministry of finance of ukraine. the ministry of finance does not even want to talk about these things, although we can write off some of the external enemies why others don't want to talk about these things about these ideas about debt relief all quite an interesting question because no one understands it er many people er say that it the principled position of ukrainian banks is that if the external debt is written off but the internal debt is not touched, external creditors can raise this as a question, and then ukrainian banks risk that part of their debt will be written off, this is a question of capital - in general, this is a lot of problems this first approach, as explained by the second approach, is of course some people say that this is a certain kind of

political corruption, because the foreign debt of ukraine is suspected to be held by, among others, certain influential persons from ukraine who brought out these brought out their funds and invested them in the foreign debt of ukraine and they are interested in any case to keep their own and not to write off part of the funds . but the ministry of finance, i am sure, will not do this. i don’t know why. the third version is that ukraine’s foreign debt is controlled by influential international financial institutions, influential influential

funds, for example, these funds. they have certain lobbying opportunities, including within ukraine, and that is why they also block it on the surface, we only see the official position of the minister of finance, markenko, and this position consists in the fact that well, how do we take it directly? it's just that now we take a lot of pressure and if we now let's start demonstrating and giving a signal that no one will give us part of our debts. i think it's like that, you know, it's like that, as they say, from the evil one, and the position is because, well, you know, they give us money not because it's profitable, they give us help to ukraine in particular, the big seven do not help us because of the operation, because we are defending europe, we are defending the world from the aggressor from russia. that is, this is

political financing, and we recognize it, and if we ask to write off part of the old debts, this is a very servile, very valid proposal from ukraine, but no one has accepted it. does why does not do this is a big question, we wanted to ask all these questions mr. marchenko to the minister of finance, but three days before the program there was no time to give us a comment. i hope that it is possible in the following programs that he will be able to take part directly, and this is not the first time in the broadcasts of the marathon, several times we tried to turn it on, to talk, to ask questions that concern every ukrainian, it was already agreed upon, and then suddenly something at the last minute he refuses to go on the air, and i think i understand the importance of the work of the minister of finance, his workload but people have the right to get answers to these questions, so mr. marchenko

, please go to any of our firms, we are ready to receive you and hear your answers to all these questions, because we objectively, we wanted to hear it and people want to hear it, so please find 5 minutes to broadcast the marathon, thank you, oh, well, oleksiy, how do you see the story with the possibility of writing off these debts very briefly ? in my opinion, in general, the fact that she and us are absent now , the position regarding debt cancellation is, well, you can call it financial looting in a simple such expression , that is, paying off foreign debts during the war. well, this is already some kind of absolute aa. well, no, it is not a state position, because of restructuring and he is trying to tell us that it is very bad. this is a default and so on. in fact, within the framework of the so-called london cup of territories - these are private pergs of the paris club of creditors - these are insults to other states and international financial organizations, and such revelations