with regard to the crime of aggression and that is why at the beginning of march the idea of ​​creating a special and dedicated to only one type of international crime of aggression and this tribunal will work precisely in order to bring to justice the higher military and political leadership of the russian federation what is now being heard from the president's office. this is an explanation to both our western partners and specialists and ordinary citizens why all this cannot happen in one international criminal court . it is very logical and absolutely correct to prove war crimes of genocide is a very long

process that requires a forensic examination, where the prosecutors of both ukraine and our western partners are already working, as well as international criminal courts, and unfortunately, this procedure it will drag on for years, this needs to be understood, and we will not get anywhere from this, but proving the crime of aggression is much easier, and even after looking at how putin was getting permission for a full-scale invasion, this is the meeting of the council security of the russian federation, which was broadcast, perhaps live, perhaps on tape, but we see all the people who directly made the decision about the full-scale invasion that took place on february 24, 2022, that is, from a legal point of view

, there is no doubt that this is a crime of aggression, but we need to talk about it only you and i , understanding what is happening in ukraine and understanding what role putin plays in the modern russian federation, we need to have a verdict that is the result of the work of some legal body as a result of the legal assessment by the best lawyers in the world, we need to have a competitive process, that is why the creation of this tribunal is necessary, it is expedient, it will significantly speed up the process, but how do you understand creating it is not an easy task either - this is not a decision of ukraine, it should be a decision at least in the civilized world, it is clear, but it is precisely in order to establish and

prove the crimes of the russian military, in particular , that 42 countries with the beginning of a full-scale invasion turned to the international criminal court on the fact of this issue, however roman, please explain what is the problem of establishing and finding such evidence, if at the moment we even take the terrorist acts that are being carried out in relation to our country, when rockets are fired at the civilian population, when whole terrorist attacks are committed in cities, the difficulty is that it is a competitive process, you know how it is even when we know that person a killed person b, an investigation must still be conducted, there must be evidence, a motive must be established, and then the judge will issue a just verdict, which no one will doubt, because prosecution

responsibility - this is another step towards this transitional justice and towards building at least some kind of relations with the russian federation. unfortunately , we will have to continue to live next to the russian federation. all russians will not disappear tomorrow, no matter how someone would like it, that's why the international criminal court yes, he should not just pass a sentence to convict some persons, this sentence should be recognized both by ukraine and by our western partners, and at least by some part of the russian population of the russian federation how much we like to refer to the nuremberg trial and the nuremberg protest, the process is valuable

because it helped the citizens of nazi germany to understand the horrors that were perpetrated, including on their behalf, and the international criminal court, and in addition to proving legal facts must show that these horrors really happened and that the president of the russian federation cannot simply say that this is some kind of fake hey, and the victims of this act were thrown there and in general, what are we here for, unfortunately, this is not happening and it will not help in recovery of justice, therefore, we must clearly understand where the rocket took off from, where the rocket went, unfortunately , unfortunately, we will need to find out where this missile was supposed to aim, yes, because military

targets and attacks on them are allowed under international humanitarian law in certain cases, a plus what kind of intelligence did the russian federation have? it’s a very long process. it’s legal, but not so that someone avoids responsibility, but so that this responsibility is clearly fair and there are no doubts in this case. roman, see ukraine did not ratify the rome statute, but it recognized the jurisdiction of the international criminal court, and before the start of the full-scale invasion, experts mostly talked about the fact that we did not ratify the rome statute, it affects the validity of the investigation of crimes committed on the territory of donbas or the annexed crimea, well, frankly speaking, i would not draw a

direct parallel between these two facts if the international criminal court has started an investigation and if the mts has jurisdiction over the investigation of these crimes, the investigation will be carried out as efficiently as possible and as quickly as possible in the international criminal court. now we have a new prosecutor who is quite ambitious . the prosecutors of the international criminal court work in ukraine, so the speed and ratification on option e, at the same time, ukraine does not have such certain rights as the participating states of the rome statute, for example, ukraine does not participate in the international criminal court and cannot

to speak at these assemblies, emphasizing the importance of this case. at this stage, ukraine is still a priority for the international criminal court, but in a year or two, it may change, and without radicalization, we lose another platform, where we could talk about the need to conduct such an investigation. is this a critical loss? no, but it is probably better not to have any losses than to assess whether it is critical or not. the rome statute probably needs to be ratified. but there must be political agreement for this. at this stage does it affect the investigation of crimes

committed by russians and citizens of other states on the territory of ukraine by the international criminal court? well, it does not affect normally. how do you assess the probability that the consideration of cases of crimes committed by russia at the international court in gaza should be clearly distinguished here? judicial institutions that are territorially located in the case and that ukraine uses to bring the russian federation and certain individuals to justice we have several tracks that are used first of all, yes, this is the un international court of justice, which is considering two applications of ukraine, the first was submitted back in 2016, it

seems, and related to the convention on the prohibition of racial discrimination, the ban on the mejlis and other oppressions of the crimean tatars in the autonomous republic crimea and the second convention on the prohibition of the financing of terrorism, which related to events in certain areas of the donetsk luhansk region, and in march 2022 , ukraine submitted a new statement concerning the convention on the prohibition of genocide, in which accuses the russian federation of using genocide as a basis. well, as a statement about the possible commission of genocide as a basis for a full-scale invasion of the territory of ukraine. now we are mostly talking about this statement

submitted at the end of february at the beginning of march 2022. already at the beginning of march, a decision was made on temporary measures so where the court ordered the russian federation to stop the full-scale invasion and armed aggression against ukraine, but the russian federation did not comply with this order of the international court of justice the un in december will extend the consideration of this case, this is the responsibility of the russian federation as a state, and here we also see opportunities, well, the decision of the un international court of justice will be another confirmation of the correctness of the imposition of sanctions against the russian federation, both by ukraine and by other states because the

current russian federation unfortunately does not have to hope for the implementation of the decision of the international court of the united nations, the international criminal court is also located in the e-e gas - this is a matter of individual responsibility, so that is a russian serviceman committed some kind of war crime on the territory of ukraine and for this he must be brought to justice either in russia or in ukraine from a third country, well, in the international criminal court, unfortunately, the international criminal court seems to be the most realistic option for bringing this person to justice. in the international criminal court, it is also possible by the end of the year, the preliminary hearing of the determination of jurisdiction , the determination of specific types of international

crimes are not crimes, either crimes against humanity or crimes of genocide, which were committed and gradually gradually we will come to accusations against specific persons regarding specific persons. this war because the russian federation is trying to involve and now we are hearing information about the risks of the invasion of the belarusian army on the territory of our country the republic of belarus is currently an aggressor state against ukraine, there can be no other qualification here because

attacks on the territory of ukraine are launched from the territory of the republic of belarus with the permission of the republic of belarus, rockets are launched and the invasion of the russian army into the north of ukraine took place, the republic of belarus at the same time, it is not side of the armed conflict because there are no direct hostilities between the armed forces of ukraine and the armed forces of the republic of belarus, we hope that they will not be conducted, therefore, there may be the above-mentioned military and political leadership of the republic of belarus have no doubt that mr. lukashenko committed crimes against ukraine because the power structure in the republic of belarus at the moment is such that without a decision of the president

no other decision can be made except for mr. lukashenko here it is already more difficult, most likely for crimes of aggression , the generals who carry out general management of the places from where the missiles are launched can be prosecuted, but here you already see that it is necessary proving that it is even possible that they are completely controlled by the russians. and it is difficult, yes . why can it all drag on for years, because we need to gather the truth here and there. but in the modern world, the truth will still be found, and no one will be able to avoid this responsibility but if there is no mr. lukashenka, there is no doubt that this tribunal that we are talking about

must bring to justice not only putin, but not only lavrov, what about him and other citizens of the russian federation, and mr. lukashenko, it is important to remember to understand and to work on this too, because this is the restoration of justice and we will definitely restore it, mr. roman. thank you very much for such a comprehensive conversation and for such detailed answers. roman yedrlev, executive director of the ukrainian association of international law , joined to our broadcast of the marathon, the only news well , we continue on, together we are strong pavlo v head of the expert group of military relations with the public director of information policy in the field of defense and strategic communication are joining our broadcast p. vasyl, my congratulations to you. congratulations, if you evaluate the current events in ukraine

, in the ukrainian information space , parallels are often drawn with the events of the second world war and the current one. from your point of view, as a historian, is it correct to make such a comparison? and are there many of these common between events in different centuries well, in this matter there are several layers that could be distinguished , first of all, parallels should always be sought because they can suggest how events can develop further find certain options, certain opportunities, find some kind of caution. that is, this is such an interesting work, an analytical work that can give us a certain ground for thinking on the other hand , any comparison it drives us into certain frameworks and then, for example, if uh now in there are a lot of comparisons with the second world war, but most often not even with the second world war, but in its russian paradigm with the

great domestic one, because i, in our expert circles, have not come across any comparison of the events on the territory of ukraine that are currently taking place there with events on the western front, with events in north africa, with events in the pacific ocean, they usually look for some high-profile elements from the soviet narrative , grapes, the kursk arc, eh, but in principle, for these two , let's say, for these two events, no one goes further. because this is evidence of the fact that there is a lack of knowledge of military history, and this is on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is the fact that a large part of our society is still in the soviet paradigm in the soviet council, and this is evidence that the knowledge that most of the society has received in the soviet school, the knowledge and information that is located in a certain segment of the internet is overwhelming, that is, something must be done with it,

first of all, it is the education of the population, it is to tell about some uh-uh different moments of the second world war that happened on other uh-uh fronts and here i did not look for parallels again, why if we draw a parallel about, for example, the battle of stalingrad in the battle of stalingrad, who are we, the soviet troops who defend stalingrad or we the german troops who attack it in the battle of kursk? it is we who associate ourselves with the nazi wehrmacht there or with the soviet occupation army that destroyed ukrainian statehood in 17-21 years, that is, here comparisons can lead us into a very significant trap that will then play against us if we are looking for parallels, then we decided to look for them in ukrainian military history there are a large number of them. for example, if we talk about the events of february april 2022, there are a lot of interesting parallels in the so-called first russian-ukrainian war

december 1917 april 1918, also the west from the north the main goal of kyiv-kharkiv is the same, the goal is to cut off communications, the goal is also to force the higher military and political leadership of ukraine to conclude a peace treaty, this parallel would be more correct on the one hand, and on the other hand, it immediately opened our eyes to what was happening then what is happening now is an attack on communications, this is an attempt to establish control over the main roads at that time - these are railways, now these are highways, this is mass terror against the local population in order to force it to accept the soviet government then, and now the russian occupation government, and comparing it with the second world war immediately leads us to the opposite. well, i am saying that we do not see in the context of the battle of stalingrad

, the battle of kursk, we do not see the ukrainian narrative, we see ukrainian meanings, so there is a danger in this, people yes from the russian federation who do not support putin's regime, who did not support the occupation of donbas at one time, how do you feel about this or do you really need to keep a cool head because it is clear that if they shoot at you, they hit rockets into the civilian population into civilian infrastructure into residential buildings, it is difficult to somehow separate the grains melted to say well, yes, there is a part of good russian people who do not wish us harm, this is such a very interesting question in this situation. there are no good russian languages ​​for ukrainians , there should be useful russian ones, and in this situation it will be

more appropriate because you absolutely rightly noted that the strikes on ukraine are carried out like this so-called well, we cannot say what the bad russians are doing, or whether there are bad russians, the russian society, which has given putin confidence, is doing it . somewhere they sit in the depths of siberian ores and keep a proud silence eh well somehow it is inappropriate because eh russian rockets russian shells russian terror-occupied territories says a lot better than they started, thank you very much. and also, russia is now often called a formed nazi state, if we put aside emotions and

analyze from the point of view of history, whether this country really already has all the signs that are characteristic of the third reich, here we should talk about two points that originate from in the soviet union, in the soviet school, the majority of our population is confused between fascism and nazism, and in russians, in general, it is a direct identification. if we talk about the political regime in russia, then it is pure fascism, in which the state controls everything, in fact, this ideology was expressed by shbeni, therefore, solinia, everything is in the state, everything is for the state, nothing is outside the state. what do we have in russia, but at the moment all this has been superimposed on russian nationalism, or you can even call it russian nazism, which actually repeats the policy of adolf hitler,

the policy of the third reich, when one nation is defined as the supreme one, which has to rule everything, and vaccination or various social groups are defined as the enemies of this community. so now ukrainians have become enemies of the russian world, on the one hand, on the other hand, appeared inside russia itself, and are appropriately placed on the same level with it, and in fact, what is now in russia is a completely soviet political regime, which is, well, if so one can say a little embellished with everyday russian nationalism, which takes its worst features since the time of the black hundred, the time of the union of michael the archangel and that ideology, which was formed in russia in the middle of the xix century, the orthodoxy of the autocracy of the people, that is, here we we have all the features of these regimes of these ideologies, which

i will not give in a strange way, they fell asleep in the head, it begins in the minds of ordinary russians, but the series is at your discretion, is it important now in the armed forces of ukraine to promote the history of the ukrainian army, the battles in which it participated , and the history in general of ukraine, can it in any way affect the morale and combat arc of ukrainian fighters and additionally stimulate them , first of all, it is not just appropriate, it is necessary, secondly, this is being done during, well , in fact, the last eight years of waging war against russia, in the armed forces of ukraine , a system has been formed, well, we are used to talking about this in the military of patriotic upbringing. i would say that it is more like a historical enlightenment , because we have not reached the kind of derangement that we reached in the armed forces of the russian federation. in the

same way, in the higher military educational institutions of the future, officers study courses in the history of ukraine, the history of the ukrainian army, where the history of ukraine is considered through the prism of its military and political aspects, as well as the military organizational aspects are studied not only let's say that the victories of the ukrainian army are promoted. we have a whole number of our military units whose name count is based on these honorary titles. this is the military history of ukraine from the earliest times to the present. we have a unit that bears , for example, the name of a prince. svyatoslav the brave, this is russia, this is the 10th century - these are the roots of our military history, our military culture, we have the famous 72nd separate mechanized brigade, which distinguished itself in the re-defense of kyiv, the defenses of chernihiv

which bears the name of the black zaporozhians in honor of the unit of the army of the ukrainian people's republic that glorified itself in the battles of 1919 against the soviet occupation troops, we have 58 separate motorized infantry brigades named after the hetman of ivan vyhovsky of ukraine, who defeated the moscow troops in the battle of konotop in 1659 , this work is being carried out, these e-e elements can be directly said to be ideological work of influence on the personnel of e-e in our country, but it should be noted that the same influence is also carried out the russians have more of an ideological system, as much ideological preparation as ideological processing of their own personnel, and here we already have

a battle of narratives, as you can say in the west, or will the historical narrative be stronger and win in this war because this war, in addition to what is being done on the battlefield is also being done in the consciousness and including in the historical consciousness of both ukrainian and russian society, we can recall that actually a year ago on july 12, 2021 volodymyr putin published an article on the historical unity of the ukrainian people, which became the actual justification for the historical justification of the russian aggression against ukraine, so the popularization of ukrainian military history and propaganda and glorious pages is a very important factor for strengthening the fighting spirit of the ukrainian army so that our modern soldiers understand that the enemy we have been beaten by ancient enemies for a long time and

constantly, the threat was only that we could not always take advantage of the results of our victories, now you will intercept the defeat, we will win bristles news together we are strong their values ​​loyalty courage and strength their elements earth air and sea their goals victory victory and victory glory to the naval forces of the armed forces of ukraine we are those who side by side as brothers beat the enemy in the teeth in the battles for the gostomel airfield defended kyiv and kharkiv held mariupol, those who imperceptibly destroy the invaders with a precise shot, shoot

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