to somehow pull them over to your side. well , we can already see. these are the results. what can we say about it and what other surprises do you think lavrov's african tour might bring? what is next with the grain corridors, or is it insufficient? in this way, russia will press everyone who buys ukrainian grain to they bought cheaper from her, our stolen goods, you know, i will tell you that today. if we take the grain market , then there is the power of the seller, not the power of the buyer , that is, taking into account the presence of a shortage, taking into account the food crisis, which was warned about by the un and eh, daviskie forum even last year, even before the war , that is, there were already signs that there would be food books and a shortage of food, so it seems to me that the problem is that someone refused our grain at all, because there are more than enough buyers for our grain, just sell with regard to egypt, i

would for example wait a little longer what will happen next why because if we talk about egypt on its own, then it is quite dependent on the united states in terms of the supply of weapons, including and in addition to the united states from germany from france and besides on this last tour of biden in the near east, he took a picture with the president of egypt, which was very important to him. that is , it was replicated in any way and it was such a significant sign of attention from biden to the president of egypt, so i waited to see how it would end in the end. perhaps we will receive additional explanations and perhaps we will see what will happen after that, what agreements will be concluded and so on, because it seems to me that there is not enough information yet to draw a conclusion. i would not say so far, what this shows is that russia has pressed egypt, that is, so far i think there is not enough data to

say so, if we talk about the african continent in general, it is important that macron was president on the african continent for three days and his tour was enough, it was positive because there was no french media wrote back about the fact that macron was greeted much more warmly in africa than ever when he was met in france. that is, a large number of ordinary people gathered there and chanted and so on, and macron himself was there. quite frankly, he turned to the african leaders and said so. he says, i understand. yes, what they are going to do to you, i am not a fool, but that is not possible. yes, they called the war a war, you continue, no, you do not join the sanctions and everything else. and i think that we will soon we will see the results of macron's tour. in addition, we know that this week he is going to the african continent, and linda tomos is the us ambassador to the un, who

will also explain to the african leader, on the one hand, debunking russian propaganda on the other side offer side the united states with the help of support because macron has already said that france helps more than russia - the russian federation to the african continent, it supplied more weapons, more food aid, more financial aid, and i think that we will hear the same from the united states, including the proposal to increase this aid is anthony blinkin's briefing - it is not so often, in fact , that the secretary of state conducts a briefing. moreover, the entire briefing was dedicated to the actual war of russia against ukraine, and at the briefing he noted that for today, the united states, together with its partners and allies, is working quite successfully to denounce russian propaganda, including on the african continent and in the last it is here that j20 alevrov heard from one by one, each country

said the same thing to the laurel unlock unlock unlock unlock give the opportunity to respond grain and it was repeated to him so often that he simply did not even make it to the end of the summit and left because he was simply not ready to listen to it, according to today russia actually is in a diplomatic sense in such a state that even those countries that are its allies, even those countries that did not impose sanctions, even those countries that did not call the war a war, they tell russia to its face to unblock because we are not to blame we do not have to bear the losses our people do not have to starve because of you, and it seems to me that the possibilities of russian propaganda are already very limited, and this laurel tour that was on the african continent was to what extent was it aimed at the fact that there are some contracts to sign someone what to convince how much to somehow save face because all of his all their lies are russian, that the sanctions

prevent the export of food, that it is all the fault of the sanctions, ukrainian mines and non-treaties , the ability of ukraine. it was all debunked, and he tried to at least somehow preserve russia's position on the continents, and actually mrs. aggie, i want to ask about the current situation in the economy, we understand that the biggest taxpayers are suffering the most now, very often from the war, this is big business, industry in particular, you have read that rynat akhmetov's fortune has actually fallen by two-thirds, we can see, for example, arcelor-mittal announced that they are going to stop production for at least two months. well, in the background of all this sophistication, the times makes a forecast that the ukrainian economy may collapse rapidly in the fall and there will be problems even with budget payments, what can ukraine oppose here, how to save the situation, you know i would like to

say first that i respect the fenichel times, i read them, but they are precisely characterized by more pessimism forecasts, and just before the invasion of the fey-ne-shell times , they were one of those publications that, uh, most of the articles about a possible invasion had an almost unequivocal prediction that ukra ukraine would fall in three days, so i would be careful here. but really, us there are big problems ahead because we have a war and this, i'm sorry, this is a normal state when there is a war, we have a huge budget deficit. when we may have problems with paying salaries and other things, what should we do about it? let's be honest, we can't cope with all this. now they wouldn't do it if ours businessmen did not try to imagine that we have a super ideal government and so on

. the world is entering this winter with several crises at the same time: food crises, energy crisis, economic crisis, climate crisis, and there may be another health care crisis ahead, and other crises await . others, that is, they are also in a very difficult period and the terrible word recession, which is repeated more and more often, will also be difficult for them, but they are able to help us, it will of course be difficult, they will also have to cut their expenses in order to help us. but there is such an opportunity, but what is the condition that they helped us, this is our reform , that is, if we continue to play the fool the way we play today, if we continue to appoint an independent, apolitical prosecutor general from the party's servant of the people who are yermak's friends. if we

continue to nominate an independent apolitical candidate for the position of judge of the constitutional court, again a member of the servant of the people party, a deputy, and as if by competition, in fact , without a competition, contrary to all the demands made by our international partners, we will not receive help, and we ourselves we won't be able to handle this, that's why it's simply critical for us, it's a matter of our survival to stop playing the fool and carry out the reforms that we undertook to carry out, the war is not prevents this in any way war does not prevent the appointment of an independent prosecutor in any way the war does not prevent the appointment of independent judges of the constitutional court by competition and it is not because our international partners are angry that some external administration demands this from us, it is because we need it that is this is a necessary prerequisite for our development, if we do not do these basic homework, we can forget about any development, we will have winter, we will have a severe

economic crisis, then and after, even in the post-war period, when we win, we will be a wall. that is, we will not be a country in which money will be invested, which will develop, which will be the new singapore that we dream of, or the new israel or the new taiwan, we will actually be just a wall that everyone will try to bypass, how can we comment on these news about naftogaz's default, how do they affect what kind of winter awaits ukrainians this year, and actually what's next ? the results of those personnel decisions that were made last year, secretary anthony blinkin once came to kyiv and went to different offices and said the same thing, there is no need to hide the corporate reform of state-owned companies, there is no

need to do this, there is no need to do this, but no one i was listening to where. that is, we thought that this was not important, but personnel decisions were made, which today gave results, because in fact this is the default that could be avoided absolutely, that is, there were no difficulties in avoiding of this default, if the management of naftogaz had communicated professionally with the government, the management of the government had agreed on a common position in advance, but whether naftogaz would repay these debts or not, how he would do it, and had negotiated in advance with the creditors of this default, it did not happen that now we have, of course, that was peacetime this default would simply be a catastrophe that is, it would be an earthquake incredible with incredible consequences the effect and negative consequences are usually mitigated by the fact that we have a war yes that is a mitigating circumstance, let's say so, but the diploma completely closes the possibility of

lending for naftogaz, that is, all of avtogaz can get about a billion, but only from one creditor, and today, due to the fact that it has not been repaid, he will not receive 300 million of this money. and with this money, we should buy gaz and should provide, including consumers, naftogaz performs the function of a supplier in a strange nadiya. that is, it is the company that has if no one supplies gas, it is of course very risky to drive such a company into the oven, now everything will be left to how the government will hold negotiations with other criteria already at the state level, if these negotiations end positively and they agree on authorization, then naftogaz will also have a chance to resume negotiations with creditors to agree on restructuring, which will open up an opportunity for it to attract credit funds in the future, otherwise, of course, buy gaz from there will not be enough money for naftogaz, we see how much gas costs now, it

simply exceeded all limits in general, even fantastic even of the boldest forecasts. that is, this price is absolutely abnormal and inadequate, and our our own production, the steep gas costs that we allow ourselves today are not enough, let's see what the european union did, they just the other day this week made a decision to reduce consumption by 15%." all

these conversations are of course good to talk about it, but apart from the beautiful name above, there is nothing behind it because the volume of gas on international markets is very limited and all the gas that the usa can export today outside the borders of the united states is supplied to it to europe, which lacks it accordingly, we can hardly count on any gas equipment, forest or anything else, that is, for us today, the first task is to conduct negotiations with the creditors of the government to make a restructuring so that gas can re-open negotiations and again talk about restructuring this borscht in order to get out of this default and the second task is urgent, but right now we need to implement austerity methods that will allow us to consume less gas already in the summer, including air conditioners and everything else on the list

thank you, ms. age, and i am a lawyer from zagreb, a state representative of the antimonopoly committee of ukraine in 15-19 and an expert in international politics. she was in touch with us in a moment, and we will watch a short film with you about... all the milestones of ukrainian statehood , because today ukraine celebrates the day of ukrainian statehood, this date emphasizes the continuity of ukraine from the state of volodymyr the great with the capital in kyiv to today , and that is exactly why this day is july 28, when in ukraine celebrates the day of the baptism of russia ukraine was chosen to celebrate the day of statehood, the ukrainian institute of national remembrance prepared an animated animated film about the history of which

we will now review, well, for now, we can actually report a few news, well, in particular, about what about what today on the occasion of the day of ukrainian statehood high -ranking international guests came to us, as well as a number of statements were made by our partners, in particular, today in ukraine , the guests of the president of lithuania gitanas na useda and is in kyiv well, the head of the european council char-michel congratulated the ukrainian people on the day of ukrainian statehood in his twitter account, saying that today, when russia is waging a brutal and unprovoked war against our country, which has been going on for the sixth month, the european union

will support and support ukraine as long as it lasts what is needed, let's watch the film of the institute of national memory about the day of statehood. well, after that, we will switch to the news, then there will be new analytical studies, we will also talk about the situation in ukrainian politics and about the support of ukraine by our international partners. this is sofia of kyiv, she is 1000 years old, and this is the ukrainian coat of arms, which has been known since the 10th century. you can shoot dozens of exciting series about the history of ukraine, but let's start first with the first name by which ukrainian lands are known in history, which is scythia, yes, for 2.5 thousand years that is why the ancient greeks called them the main at that time on our territory there were scythians who traded with the greeks and fought with the persians

. north of the scythians, various mysterious tribes, among them the distant ancestors of the ukrainians, later the scythians were replaced by the sarmatians, followed by the goths. and when the brilliance of the ancient civilization of the darkness faded into the historical arena, the slavs entered the historical arena, archeology proves that it was from transnistria and the dnipro that their great settlement began. slavic state centers were gradually born in the lands in the ninth century, one of them became russka zemlya , or simply rus, most often from it, and the beginning of the countdown of ukrainian statehood, the center of rus was according to legend, kyiv was founded by prince kyi with his brothers chek khoriv and sister lybid. in the ninth century, vikings, whom the slavs

called varians, came to kyiv. they became the founders of the princely dynasty of the rurikovichs, whose descendants ruled these lands for the next several centuries. the varangian princes quickly adopted the local flavor. so they had little to do with their small homeland, they even changed their names to slavic. the most famous of the princes were volodymyr, who introduced christianity in these areas, and yaroslav who built hagia sophia and founded the library, he is also remembered as the father-in-law of europe, who was born through the marriages of his daughters and sisters with the emperor of byzantium, the kings of sweden, norway, poland, hungary and france, it was during the times of volodymyr and yaroslav that russia achieved the greatest development, its lands expanded from the black sea all the way to the baltic, however, the russian princes could not reliably protect themselves from the nomads in the 13th century, the

mongol army captured russia and destroyed kyiv, the population of the city, which reached 50,000, was reduced to tens the most influential russian prince at that time was danylo halytskyi from the pope. he received the title of king, thanks to which the russian kingdom was established in 100 years. the danyla family broke away. tell about the poles , who spread their order and religion to the lands under their control, the mongols lost their influence in the region in the 15th century, the crimean khanate was formed, its population crimean tatars were an important force in near the black sea in the 16th century, the polish and lithuanian states united in the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, and the ukrainian

lands came under the power of poland. at that time, a fifth of our territory was a wild field, mostly an undeveloped steppe, inter-possessions of the crimean tatars and the polish-lithuanian commonwealth. the fury of peasants who fled from heavy duties landowners who built fortified settlements criminals fugitives and skilled soldiers from them and the cossacks formed the ukrainian phenomenon of free chivalry in the 16th century cossacks built on the dnieper fortifications of zaporizhzhya sich began to be called the zaporizhzhya army. it was almost a knightly order with a democratic form of government, because the cossacks chose their chieftains through free elections . during the wars against poland,

muscovy, and sweden, the crimean tatars were often enemies of the cossacks, but they were often partners and allies . tried to limit their influence after a series of unsuccessful cossack uprisings in 1648, a real war began. the zaporozhians, led by bohdan khmelnytskyi, together with the crimean tatars, defeated the troops of the commonwealth of nations in several battles. the cossacks were supported by the inhabitants of other ukrainian lands, and as a result, the ukrainian cossack state of the hetmanate was created, but they were unable to resist independently the polish-lithuanian commonwealth was not long ago. in 1654, khmelnytsky concluded an agreement on military support with the tsar of moscow, but the tsar used this treaty was to start the absorption of the hetmanship and

in 1667 he agreed with the polish-lithuanian commonwealth on the division of ukrainian lands. ukraine was divided and destroyed. this period of history was called the ruin of 1708. hetman ivan mazepa tried to restore the unity and independence of the ukrainian state. he agreed on support with the king of sweden, charles xii and opposed the moscow tsar, but the allied troops were defeated. mazepa's figure became so famous that victor hugo voltaire and byron wrote about his life after mazepa's failure hetmanship gradually lost its autonomy in 1775. russian troops destroyed zaporizhzhia. in a few years, russian authorities spread serfdom, a form of slavery, to ukrainian lands. at the same time, the russian empire violated the treaty concluded with the tatars by

annexing the crimean khanate. the rest of the empire became part of the austrian empire. ukrainians managed to preserve their cultural identity as part of various empires. in 1798, a part of the poem was printed ivan kotlyarevsky's aeneid was written in the actual modern ukrainian language, this became an impetus for the development of ukrainian literature. in 1847, the russian authorities arrested the members of the kyiv secret society. they sought to change the state system and democratic development of ukraine. they severely punished the free-thinking poet and artist taras shevchenko, a former serf. the russian tsar personally forbade him to write and paint. shevchenko lived 46 years, of which only 12 were free, his talented

powerful poetry became popular and since then inspires ukrainians to fight for their homeland russian authorities have always seen a threat in the ukrainian nation, the imperial government from the first limited and then banned the distribution and publication of books in the ukrainian language, as well as its use in performances and concerts, he is the author of the statement that the ukrainian language there is not and cannot be as part of the austrian empire, ukrainians felt freer here, they could participate in elections, and in 1890 they created the first ukrainian political party, which led by the writer and scientist ivan franko, the austrian authorities abolished serfdom in 1848, giving the peasants the land on which they worked in the russian empire, serfdom was abolished in 1861, but the peasants were forced to buy up the land for decades, in

the second half of the 19th century, a real industrial boom began in the eastern and southern regions of ukraine with the support of european investors and specialists are building industrial enterprises here, in particular, the british james lews built a metallurgical plant and a settlement for of workers, the city of yuzivka appeared, later renamed donetsk, the population of the city of villages grew during the 19th century, kyiv increased tenfold, odessa increased 20 times, peasants who lacked land began to look for a better fate abroad, hundreds of thousands of ukrainians left both empires, in particular for the united states and in canada, their descendants often became famous figures, despite everything, ukrainians fought for political and civil rights , built powerful corporations and railways, opened

gymnasiums and hospitals, contributed to science and technology and also developed language and culture. the 20th century began tumultuously for ukraine. millions of people found themselves in the maelstrom of the first world war, then they witnessed the decline of the empire and the declaration of independence of national states . ukrainians also began the creation of their own national state. republic, and in the autumn of the following year, on the ukrainian lands that were part of austria-hungary, the western ukrainian people's republic was created in three months on january 22, 1919 - this the state united with the rest of ukraine in those revolutionary years, they approved the ukrainian state symbols, the blue-yellow trident flag as a coat of arms, and for them ukraine is not dead yet, they founded the national

academy of sciences, gave impetus to the development of innovative cultural processes that blossomed during the next decade, the avant-garde of constructivism, futurism, experimental cinema and music on all this was soon interrupted by the totalitarian regime , it was not possible to retain independence in the early 20s, the ukrainian lands were divided by the neighbors, the majority of ukrainians ended up under the rule of the totalitarian regime in the communist ussr it was a difficult time marked by tragedies and terrible trials that took the lives of millions of people, the famine of 1021-23 years, numerous repressions, deportations, forced collectivization, in the end, the crime of genocide, the famine of 32-33 years 1939, the second world war came to ukrainian lands, which was started by the nazis together with in the ussr,

the war enabled the soviet union to seize western ukrainian lands as part of the territory of ukraine twice . the front of the second world war swept through it, ukraine lost about 8 million people, 3 million died in battles due to the holocaust committed by the nazis, about one and a half million ukrainian jews died in may 1944, by order of stalin, 200,000 crimean tatars and representatives of other nations were deported from the crimea, about half of them died, ukrainians fought against hitler and his allies in the armies of poland and the ussr, canada and france, the united states of the states of america and czechoslovakia in the arenas of military operations in europe, africa, asia, on the pacific and atlantic oceans during world war ii, ukrainian nationalists made an attempt to restore independence on june 30 in 1941, in lviv, hoping for the support of the

nazis, they announced the restoration of the ukrainian state, but the nazis began to arrest ukrainian nationalists, their leader stepan bandera was kept in prison until the fall of 1944, in 1942, the nationalists began to create a ukrainian insurgent army that waged a partisan struggle both against the nazis and and with the soviet communists, the nationalists resisted the communist regime and after the end of the second world war, their active struggle stopped in the 50s, but individual insurgents lived underground until the collapse of the soviet union in the post-war years ukrainians survived another artificial famine 46-47 years of repression dubious economic and social experiments of the communists in 1954 to overcome the economic crisis in crimea it was officially united with mainland soviet ukraine in

difficult conditions ukrainians founded and rebuilt cities and villages, created space rockets and nuclear power plants, developed medical technologies, invented new methods of welding and the world's first computers, not to mention the weighty contribution to world culture and art, the economy of the ussr remained efficient, the standard of living of citizens was low, the average soviet salary was not enough to buy a tv or a winter coat, besides, there was a constant shortage of goods, and their quality was low. on april 26, 1986, the reactor at the chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded, this accident became the largest man-made catastrophe in the history of mankind, the consequences were felt by dozens of countries of the world for decades, ukrainian independence fighters, human rights defenders and dissidents