wrong, the russian empire violated the treaty concluded with the tatars by annexing the crimean khanate after the divisions of the polish-lithuanian commonwealth at the end of the 18th century, most of the ukrainian lands were part of the russian empire, the rest became part of the austrian empire, the ukrainians managed to preserve their cultural identity as part of various empires, in 1798, a part of ivan kotlyarevsky 's poem was printed the aeneid was actually written in the modern ukrainian language, this became the impetus for the development of ukrainian literature in 1847 russian authorities arrested the members of the kyiv secret society, they wanted to change the state system and democratic development of ukraine, they severely punished the free-thinking poet and artist taras shevchenko, a former serf, he was sent to the army for 10 years, the russian tsar forbade him to write and paint, shevchenko lived for 46

years, only 12 of them were free, he was talented powerful poetry became popular and since then inspires ukrainians to fight for their homeland russian authorities have always seen a threat in ukrainian national rus imperial government from the first limited and then banned the distribution and publication of books in the ukrainian language, as well as its use in performances and concerts, he is the author of the statement that the ukrainian language does not exist and cannot be part of the austrian empire, ukrainians felt freer here, they could participate in elections, and in 1890 created the first ukrainian political party, which was headed by the writer and scientist ivan franko, the austrian authorities abolished serfdom in 1848, giving the peasants the land they worked on in the russian empire serfdom in 1861, but

forced peasants to buy up land for decades, in the second half of the 19th century, a real industrial boom began in the eastern and southern regions of ukraine, with the support of european investors and specialists, industrial enterprises were built here, in particular, the british james news built a metallurgical plant and a settlement for workers on the site of cossack sloboda, and this is how the city appeared yuzivka, later renamed donetsk, the population of cities and villages grew during the 19th century, kyiv increased tenfold, odessa increased 20 times, peasants who lacked lands began to seek a better fate abroad hundreds of thousands of ukrainians from both empires left for the united states and canada in particular, there their descendants often became famous figures despite everything, ukrainians fought for political and civil rights

, built powerful corporations and railways, opened gymnasiums and hospitals, contributed to science and technology, as well as developed language and culture, the 20th century began tumultuously for ukraine, millions of people found themselves in the maelstrom of the first world war, those who survived witnessed the decline of the empire and the declaration of independence of national states , ukrainians also began the creation of their own national state in 1917, after the bolshevik coup in russia, the ukrainian people's republic was proclaimed, and in the autumn of the following year, on the ukrainian lands that were part of austria-hungary, the western ukrainian people's republic was created in three months, on january 22, 1919. the state united with the rest of ukraine in those revolutionary years, they approved the ukrainian state symbols, the yellow trident flag as a coat of arms, and to them

ukraine is not dead yet, they founded the national academy of sciences gave an impetus to the development of innovative cultural processes that blossomed during the next decade, the avant-garde of constructivism, futurism , experimental cinema and music. but all this was soon interrupted by the totalitarian regime . it was not possible to retain independence in the early 20s. ukrainian lands were divided by neighbors. the majority of ukrainians ended up under the rule of the totalitarian regime in the communist ussr. this it was a difficult time marked by tragedies and terrible trials that took the lives of millions of people, the famine of 1021-23 years, numerous repressions, forced deportations collectivization, in the end, the crime of famine, genocide , 32-33 years of 1939, the

second world war, which was started by the nazis together with the ussr, came to ukrainian lands, the war enabled the soviet union to capture also western ukrainian lands on the territory of ukraine twice . the front of the second world war swept through it, ukraine lost about 8 million people 3 million died in the battles due to the holocaust perpetrated by the nazis, about one and a half million ukrainian jews died in may 1944, by order of stalin, 200,000 crimean tatars and representatives of other nations were deported from crimea about half of them died, ukrainians fought against hitler and his allies in the armies of poland and the ussr, canada and france, the united states of america and czechoslovakia in the arenas of military operations in europe, africa, asia, on the pacific and atlantic oceans during the second world war, ukrainian nationalists made an attempt to restore independence 30 in june

1941, in lviv, hoping for the support of the nazis, they announced the restoration of the ukrainian state, but the nazis began arresting the ukrainian nationalists and their leader stepan bandera were held in prison until the fall of 1944, in 1942, the nationalists started the creation of the ukrainian insurgent army, which waged a partisan struggle against both the nazis and the soviet communists, the nationalists resisted the communist regime, and after the end of the second world war, their active struggle stopped in the 50s but individual insurgents lived underground until the collapse of the soviet union in the post-war years ukrainians experienced another artificial famine 46-47 years of repression dubious economic and social experiments of the communists in 1954 for overcoming the economic crisis in crimea, it was officially

united with mainland soviet ukraine in difficult conditions, ukrainians founded and rebuilt cities and villages, created space rockets and nuclear power plants, developed medical technologies, invented new methods of welding and the world's first computers not to mention the significant contribution in world culture and art, the economy of the ussr remained inefficient, the standard of living of citizens was low, the average soviet salary was not enough to buy a tv or a winter coat, besides there was a constant shortage of goods, and their quality was low. on april 26, 1986, the reactor at the chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded. this accident became the largest man-made disaster in the history of mankind. the consequences were felt by dozens of countries in the world for decades. ukrainian independence fighters, human rights defenders and

dissidents made efforts to destroy the totalitarian communist regime, which eventually and it happened on august 24, 1991, the verkhovna rada proclaimed the independence of ukraine on december 1, 1991 in an all-ukrainian referendum by over 90% its citizens supported independence, this led to the collapse of the soviet union. since then, ukraine has been building a free, democratic and sovereign state. life in an independent state was not cloudless. ukrainians had to overcome stubborn attempts to plant authoritarianism in the country and to tie it back to russia. millions of citizens took to the streets and squares. in 1990 - 2004 - 2013, defending their rights and freedoms, the peace was destroyed in 2014 when, without declaring war,

russia attacked ukraine, occupied crimea and lands in the east, this war for independence does not stop and so far, the history of ukraine, which has often become the history of the struggle for the right to be free, continues anton shranochych, the head of the ukrainian institute of national remembrance, who is now a serviceman of the territorial defense forces of the ukrainian armed forces, anton , i congratulate and congratulate you on the air and happy statehood day. i will start with the general, and the general in this case is that the day of our statehood coincides with the day of the baptism of russia, which we have traditionally celebrated for many years on this day, it is not by chance, that is, in this way, we send a clear signal that, first of all, it should be said that yes,

now that you are absolutely right that this actually stands in for the statehood day, this is the previous day, which actually did not take root very well in ukraine , it was not widely known. well, plus, his reputation will be badly affected to the fact that russia tried to use the day of the baptism of russia in order to push its own narrative, roughly speaking. they wanted to use this day to show how the russian russian church, the russian orthodox church, inherits the tradition of kyivan rus and such in a way, so to speak , exercises symbolic supremacy over the tradition of kyiv, and a very revealing case was when patriarch kirill of moscow , eh, hmm, a sacred watchman for us, we know who we are talking about, and he was on the committee and told how russia is correct, where it comes from

, and so further, because when we introduce the day of statehood, first of all, this is fair because it is an important day, it is such a symbolic date because baptism is one of the events of the princely state that we inherit, and secondly, it is actually a day that we remind ourselves of the thousand-year-old path to our state to our statehood and refocus it with this religious tradition, a tradition that to some extent has already been slandered by moscow orthodoxy and moscow - this is laborism and in fact we stand in for a normal secular day on which we remember this longing but also we do not forget about the religious component either, well, that is, there is this thousand-year history of statehood , we consider it so traditional. we pay attention to this, but what are the main exits of statehood? when can we say that there was a

state and it was a ukrainian state or simply a ukrainian state, of course, the year 978 is not the beginning of ukrainian statehood, er, even kyiv, which dates back to the sixth century at least. that's it . centuries already had its urban traditions , political traditions, and so on. well, we can also prepare for part of the scandinavian heritage those who say ancestors who came here. well, that's why it 's such a date, just one of the most famous. one of such episodes, the second, regarding your second question, is absolutely correct, ukraine did not have its own full-fledged state under such a name in such a political format until 917, but all this way these thousands of years, starting at least from the middle of the first millennium of our era, we gradually base by puzzle a community that here the living was

turning into the ukrainian people with the goal of the final such point of existence of which was the creation of its own state, respectively, these stages are such questions of the princely age, it is without doubt, in the principality within the framework of the grand duchy of lithuania, including the cities that received magdeburg law, ukrainian soldiers or soldiers of those communities that later suddenly became the ukrainian people in the defense of the cossacks, necessarily including their traditions of self-government, even the attempts of the hetmans under the warfarist power of the russian empire to build their own project, as well as for example, ivan mazepa is also this puzzle of the great path to statehood, and of course the culmination of that was the proclamation of the ukrainian people's republic 100 years ago, then in all variations ukrainian everything was a soviet socialist republic, although it was a fake. well, in fact, we understand that it was just a province of the

communist empire, and then the triumph of our statehood was in 1991. so spotting can definitely be done. tied to the concept of statehood is obviously not least due to the fact that we had long historical periods when there was no statehood as such and we wanted it and dreamed of it, but this experience without a state the existence of the ukrainian nation, he influenced us in different ways. and for example, there is such a popular opinion among intellectuals that precisely the absence of their own state is now reflected in such a disrespect of ukrainians for the institutions of power, because the government has traditionally been foreign for the last several hundred years, and accordingly, why respect a foreign government and this the traditions of respect for the authorities are no longer there. what are the consequences of these stateless years in

ukrainian history and how did they affect us? well , this is a completely valid issue, because there are stateless peoples, it’s one thing when these peoples simply did not have their own state, they never simply existed as a separate ethnic group with their own culture - this is a rare phenomenon, so there are absolutely tragic cases when a people was once the mass of a state and now there is none. for example, the russian empire destroyed the statehood of the crimean tatars, they understood the crimean state-the crimean khanate. it was a separate state. this is a big drama. it is obvious for ukrainians as well. it is absolutely right that you said that in some period we always had foreign power and, accordingly, we never had of their team and their country, which they felt as their own and for us, they should have first won the ukrainian people's republic for 5 years. yes, we didn't orientate ourselves, so we couldn't feel it for all ukrainians, and we couldn't feel it as ours. not everyone fought for it. that's why she's one of the reasons why it did not appear, but since 1991, it

begins our great journey of awareness, our state, we are told about our duty to pay taxes, obey its laws and defend it, but this is not yet a finished process, we are lucky, we young truth, we will still have to take a sheltered path well, as the american classic said, the tree of liberty, it needs unfortunately, from time to time, fluctuations in the blood of patriots, and here we are . after that, there will be responsibility for taxes in education and so on. thank you anton and once again happy holidays. anton shronich, head of the ukrainian institute of national remembrance and now a serviceman of the territorial defense of the armed forces of ukraine was with us on the air we we continue our broadcast and will continue with president volodymyr zelenskyi and his address today on the occasion of the day of ukrainian statehood

, the broadcast of the television marathon to the news person continues and today it is largely devoted to the celebration of the first celebration of the day of ukrainian statehood further and we will also talk about this with mykhailo pedalyak, the anti-crisis adviser of the head of the office to the president of ukraine, mykhailo, i congratulate you on your holiday . how do you feel about today's celebration? well, that's probably not a question today's celebration is the question of whether we have begun to understand who we are. and it is very, very powerful, very powerful to understand that ukraine is a great nation, a great state . they came up with it. no. today, ukrainian statehood is spoken of with great respect in the world. practically all civilized countries, and this is not

a solemn holiday, but a holiday when we can really say that historically ukrainian statehood everything is as it should be for such a big country as ukraine. i fully support it and thought a lot about it today, especially when i woke up to the explosions of about 20 rockets fired from the territory of belarus in the morning. but i thought about whether or not to give ukraine a gift on the day of statehood and finally not to break diplomatic relations with belarus in especially since there is no ambassador to belarus and ukraine, but there is no ambassador of ukraine to belarus we recognize lukashenka as the elected president, we do not recognize the legitimacy of their government, why do we deny ourselves such a step as severing deep relations with belarus, which directly declares that it

supports russia in everything in this war. it is already very interesting and, in my opinion, right listen to her, you need to think about it, because it seems to me that statehood does not exist in belarusian , that is, if we are talking about ukrainian statehood - it is already an axiom for the world, it is an axiom with a great historical perspective, then it seems to me that pavlo lukashenko definitely did everything to prevent belarusian statehood from becoming a part of the russian federation. in this way, it ceased to exist or reputationally proved that it is impossible to be such a puppet state as belarus is today. in my opinion, these proposals are correct because the country is really and mr. lukashenko are behaving extremely primitively and defiantly, that is, they not only offend logic as such, that is, even if you give your airspace in

order to bomb peaceful cities of ukraine, all the same you still have to keep your mouth shut yes, but this is not about lukashenka lukashenko is so trifling that he says everything he can, comments and so on and it looks extremely disgusting, yes, that is, he is a person who really does not understand that history will clearly record who he is and what he and all his puns , he has been there since 1994, the president of belarus, he constantly said that i am a father, look at how i effectively manage the country, so he destroyed the reputation of his country, destroyed the prospects of this country and destroyed his place in the history of this country, this and e- is as well as mr. putin - this is a phenomenal achievement of these two types - this is a phenomenal achievement of these two uh-uh, we called them presidents, yes, for a certain time, there was a time when we called mr. lukashenko the president of belarus,

but you know, i thought about it here perhaps he acts according to the principle of the opposite. there is such a paradox in history that the bad reputation of a historical character serves as long as the good reputation of herostratus . the history of his work. and you know, reputation is not just something abstract, yes, it is concrete . lukashenko, who in principle is quite a primitive person, well, i don't think that he is an intellectual and so on, he just took advantage of the fact that in belarus, well, there is a very calm abscess. yes, they treated his dictatorial, uh, dictatorial principles very calmly

manners and so on. and it’s with belarus, uh, also . let’s just say it played out history very badly, that is, the country had prospects, and these prospects, unfortunately , are getting more and more vague today. well, it’s true that you say that this can affect the cases of belarusians, fic-specifically lukashenka, but only if there are such descendants and they will be considered belarusians, because so far belarus has every chance of being so annexed and swallowed up by russia that after years there will be no belarus left at all, it will be another federal district, there is a very, very interesting paradox a paradox depends on the victory of ukraine, the fate of not only ukraine depends on the fate of what such countries

will look like in the future. to become an interesting country, a sovereign country, yes, that is, if russia loses, it is very important for belarus, even if they indirectly support russia today, this is the first and second, whether russia will exist in what form, because if russia it will lose. it has to go through a certain transformation and it will probably be a completely different russia. i think that there will be more than one country in the territories of this state, but it is very important for the world because then we will be able to see how other communities in the territory of belarus are really being formed in terms of reputation. there won't be a soviet sovka, well, that is, even more so, it won't be on the territory of the russian federation, but at least russia must lose . this is necessary in order for ukraine to

get everything it needs to keep, and ukraine has today, to be a leader in europe is definitely second , that belarus should be preserved in principle as a state, principles as a state, and that russia should cease to be this legendary gulag and try to build some other reality and still become a civilized state to some extent, that is, for us the big mission is not just that today we are at war with the russian federation for the territory, today we have a fundamental mission to do what was not done in 1991 when the states of ukraine and belarus and russia did not pay the price for life in the soviet union that we had to pay in a smaller way, in a smaller way, and for example, russia had to go through atonement for its guilt of communist ideology and so on . this was not done. well, but as you correctly noted, for this ukraine to win

here, politico edition the other day quoted congressman adam smith, who was in ukraine and met with president volodymyr zelenskyi, and he conveyed the president's words that the next 3-6 weeks will be decisive in our military company because we still have atmospheric opportunities and using the warm weather to make the most of them and to receive as much help as possible from our partners, military aid and even recently literally today my colleague milan-lelevych was interviewed the former head of the eu with american troops in europe wants ben, and general tezh also confirms that ukraine has every chance to reach the demarcation line before the end of this year, at least on february 23. please tell us what is lacking in order to implement these bold forecasts, first of all, mr. president of ukraine

is absolutely right in order to continue to effectively wage a counter-offensive war we need success and look at the blockade of kherson, for example, yes , this will very significantly change the psychology of war. that is, we will prove it to our people as well that we can effectively not only defend ourselves, but also counterattack, unblock our territory, this is very important psychologically, and it will also be a demoralizing factor, a powerful demoralizing factor for the russian community, they will understand that all this propaganda stops talking at all about some part of the truth and tells only lies and they will see that there is no russian army because it will be significant and very sensitive for them, see kherson and that's why we have to do it, and there is a third component, this is for so that the people who live in the occupied territories understand that we will fight very, very powerfully for them, today they do not support the russians in their mass there, there are separate

elements, well, these are criminal elements that had a very bad reputation there under ukraine and practically, they should be sitting there today in some occupation administration, entering as some officials there, yes, but it all does not matter because if we start to unblock and people see it, it will be euphoria, which will allow even more effectively in those territories that will still be occupied to introduce it is the work against the occupier, it is guerrilla work, it is informational, certain work, it is very sensitive factors that we need what for, you know very well that today is the third stage of the war, what is the third stage of the war, it is not even long-range artillery as such well, the 155th caliber is , first of all, rssu systems in sufficient quantity, which allowed us to sensibly hit the logistical support of the russian army, destroy warehouses with shells, destroy them with diesel fuel, destroy operational-tactical headquarters and thus disrupt the

logistics provided by the russian army of occupation, they reduced significantly reduced the number and intensity of our shelling, and we can thus calmly continue to destroy all support, destroy manpower as much as possible and move forward. this is very important because we need to list very simply the first - this is the mlrs system - this is the key second - this is the abm system anti-missile defense so that these people, well, people yes, that is, russians. in our cities, this is key for us. we must ensure the ability to protect our peaceful cities and neighborhoods, common neighborhoods, and finally, the third is drones, any drones, first of all, shock drones that will allow to inflict significant losses russian armored vehicles and russian hanging forces, well , that is, these non-humans, whose

brown assets they are recruiting somewhere in dagestan and so on. thank you , mr. mykhailo, the answer is as clear as possible. mykhailo podolyak, the anti-crisis adviser of the head of the office of the president of ukraine, was in touch with us, we continue our special broadcast of the television marathon today, especially because we are celebrating the day of ukrainian statehood for the first time, and we will continue with dmytro kuleba minister of foreign affairs dmytro good evening with the holiday good evening and to each other thank you, i am with the main news, it is obviously for me the main diplomatic news of today, which can be considered as a kind of gift to us. on this day, i am talking about what the senate of the united states passed -th resolution that appeals to the american secretary of state with the demand

that russia be included in the list of countries sponsoring terrorism for its actions in syria, georgia, and ukraine. it is obvious what this will have as a result if anthony blinken follows this path and russia is recognized country as a sponsor of terrorism. and you know, despite our very good relations with the biden administration and constant contacts at all levels, in which we constantly ask the secretary of state and the leadership of the biden administration in general to make this decision, yes, these decisions were not made approved and now congress has joined in now it is a matter of the internal politics of the united states and the attitude of the administration to the position of congress, we did everything we could to ensure that such a decision was passed