schedule of taganrozi literally today we spoke with one of our victims who spent three months in captivity after being filtered, he was a volunteer who tried to get civilians out of mariupol and said that the relationship with the policemen is special because the occupation authorities count on cooperation with the policemen and their because of this, they are kept separately and various methods of influencing the whip are applied to them, gingerbread, so to speak, they are all required to sign consent to cooperation, and prisoners of war and civilian hostages pro-ukrainian, for example, activists or just people with a pro-ukrainian position or just ordinary people whom they may suspect of some activities in favor of ukraine, they simply keep everyone together in inhumane conditions and without elementary hygiene measures there very often there is no water in the previous months in the cold without heating just in raw land, people sleep there in one, it can be up to 200 people

, that is, as i understand it, it is very important for us to collect evidence. yes, but it is more important how to collect evidence, we have experience, even surveys from the occupied territories for example, we contacted prosecutor yuliya malashych with people in the occupied territories and she conducted an online survey and it all helped tremendously. for example, if we are talking about the international criminal court, then they use the so-called berkeley protocol when interviewing witnesses. this is a specially created protocol that is very clearly indicated what needs to be recorded yes, if it is some kind of video or photo evidence, metadata must be stored there, for example yes, that is, the place, time, where it was, geolocation where was where was the shooting for this, there are even now various applications for phones in order to correctly record, for example, evitnes or many others, and now they are actively being implemented in ukraine why because, for example, from the experience of syria, we know this is

what happened recently and we know that there was a lot of photo and video evidence, but most of them were recognized as inappropriate, including by the international criminal court, precisely because the raw data of this photo and video recording was not preserved, what we hear from russia even from one of the last shelling and across odesa and porto. at first they denied that it was their rockets, then they said there were military facilities, but we always hear later. it was a control center. it was a military facility. they don't just do it like that . how does this affect the court process later, because if it is proven that there really was a military object there, it will not be a war crime, that is, even in mariupol in the drama theater because of that they said that there were allegedly azov people in the maternity hospital if i am not mistaken they immediately dropped me after that. they said that

azov people were there, we interviewed many witnesses and victims, we have no data that ukrainian soldiers were there, we also know about the seizure of another intensive care hospital in mariupol. the woman in labor was taken to that hospital, she was captured by the russians and they did the same thing that the ukrainian side was accused of, they occupied the hospital , set up their equipment around the perimeter, drove even more civilians there in addition to patients and staff they gathered people there from the surrounding buildings and fired from this hospital, waiting for a response from the ukrainian side, and this is one hundred percent a war crime, because you cannot use civilian objects and hide as civilians if there. actually, that's why they do what they do. they are trying to create this distorted reality, all they are doing is to

blame the ukrainian side for this, and here is the proof . for example, we have a camera operator serhiy kilimnyk, in the first days in borodyanka, he filmed extensively, risking his life, he filmed just the faces of the buryats who entered his city, which was being shelled, he filmed how a tank was shelling yes, you can see faces there, can you build a chain from these privates to putin and to prove in this way that what they did in buchi in irpen is not that some private there decided to rape and kill on his own. and it was an order of the russian leadership; moreover, i will say that this is the purpose of the investigation, including the international criminal court, because the international criminal court will not prosecute ordinary military personnel, this is already the task of our national investigation. and

precisely its task is to build this chain of responsibility there or in the teams in english , because we have documented, i can say that what the russians did in in the northern regions , there is a lack of systematicity, it was not some excesses of the performers, and that is why it is necessary to investigate. actually, who gave the orders, let's say to kill the mold there or capture what we are definitely very we know very well that what we investigated for human rights is the deportation of the civilian population to russian prisons, we see this in all three oblasts and in kyiv's sumy and chernihiv regions where there were completely different units where there were different commanders and we know that very often between them even there was no connection because the russians have a problem with this interaction, but they all knew that they had to capture civilians and take them out very often through belarus, where there were already appropriate camps where these civilians

were received for several days and then already distributed prisons and pre-trial detention centers of russia, they all knew that they had to be done like that, that they had to be taken there, that means someone organized it, that means someone set such a task. and this is actually the task of our law enforcement agencies, and i hope that the investigative group of the international criminal court and the un commission of investigation will determine who gave these commands, i wonder what the point is to prove the crime of genocide against ukrainians, what elements must be present to prove that it is genocide and that it be recognized as an intention to destroy a race of a minority nation for a what is it for some affiliation, yes or ethnic membership or professional or some other status. since here you can't even talk about a crime against ukrainians based on ethnicity, because in our ranks there are also russians and jews and belarusians and

all possible nationalities that are possible , that is, we will most likely be destroyed as a political nation, that is, people who strive to live free from the influence of the russian federation from this russian world, and this is also an extremely fine line, but who helps in proving the crime of genocide, it is those russians who participate in these propaganda stories of haters, haters, and they write these comments about the destruction there, that everyone should be destroyed. more questions, you are also collecting social networks, this is also evidence, not us, but our partner organizations, and there are several of them. experts said that this is extremely helpful and the screens of all these comments do not light up. yes, they and they help, so provoke provoke. let them in social networks. let them write as much as possible of their malicious

comments in which it is clear that their intention as their nation is to destroy the ukrainians and in which it is clear that they are just infected with nazism so that a dictator in the current mother in the 21st century ends up on the dock even if he is from russia and does not leave russia , is only a legal aspect required or is a political one required the will of the world, of course, all of this is directly related to political will, but since most civilized countries have rectified the rome statute and recognized the jurisdiction of the international criminal court, it is no longer a question of political will and institutional memory and inclusion in this system of international law, and by the way, from this point of view, it is very important that ukraine also certifies the rome statute because, on the one hand, we place great hopes on the icc, and on the other hand , we are the main law of the icc, the rome statute is not we ratify, even though they once again recognized the jurisdiction of the international court of justice in in other words, this is such an extremely complex story, in

principle, there are no political arguments in ukraine anymore. why not ratify? parliament, what kind of manifestations of this political will. because it is a bit strange to expect political will from the whole world and not to show it ourselves, that is why i think that we have already reached the moment when it is necessary to ratify the rome statute and join this family of peoples of states that recognized these rules for the regulation of war and recognized the international humanitarian law itself, and in addition, we ourselves need it in order to start expanding the capabilities of our law enforcement system to qualify all these absolutely the entire spectrum of war crimes that what russia is doing in ukraine, ukraine is not only now fighting and protecting the whole world from an ignorant dictatorship, and ukraine, which is prone to nazism, is currently forming completely new mechanisms to counter

this. we are also in this unique situation when our experience can become a panacea for the world in the future. therefore our professionalism is so important to us and to other affected countries, but all this must be conveyed and our messages must be spoken in those countries, too, not only where in principle we are already supported, that is why the voices of the victims are also here extremely important, because they can speak in a way that will be understood, sometimes it is the language of emotions, sometimes it is tears, sometimes it is extremely difficult to listen to, and we can see, as i told fbs, when the ambassadors were sobbing while listening to alyona lapchuk, nothing works like this emotion, so actually it is one from the field yes where do we collect evidence where do we document where do we find these victims and to the highest offices where we give the word to these victims this is the whole

path that our public organization and our partner organizations go through sometimes it's just a break in the pattern because when you were in bakhmut yesterday, and tomorrow you have to perform in vienna or in gaz. sometimes it is very, very difficult for you, because now the logistics are very complicated for ukrainians, but we have to do it. well, fortunately, now we have a lot of support from the international community international donors who are ready to finance such projects and this is extremely valuable. i thank you very much. all of your team thank you because they have known how you work for many years. i am impressed by your strength, but my favorite slogan is our super strength is that we ukrainians believe that we will win, we all believe and believe that we will see putin on the dock. i, too, do everything for this, and journalistic work is also extremely important here. watch the project to find your own kateryna osadchoi from the

search for the missing tomorrow at 21:30 unconquered cities of ukraine lviv a city where more than 2,000 historical architectural and cultural monuments have been preserved, its center belongs to the unesco world cultural heritage, here at the monastery of st. onufry ivan fedorov founded the first printing house and printed the first ukrainian book, the apostle after listopadovoy the establishment and establishment of the west ukrainian people's republic lviv became the capital and the heart of the ukrainian liberation movement in june 1941 at

rynok ukrainian square. despite the repression, the people of lviv continued their struggle , today all roads lead to lviv, even angelina jolie did not miss it, it has become a second home for thousands of ukrainians, the council gives tons humanitarian cargoes and even under rocket attacks continues to work for victory because lviv unconquered viktor derevyanko he 31 senior lieutenant of the state border guard service of ukraine was wounded on february 24 in chernihiv oblast, and the enemy fired at seven more employees at dawn and shrapnel entered my heart, my happiness that i survived after this, first the border guard was operated on in the

chernihiv hospital, and then he was sent to kyiv to remove a fragment from the man's heart, the doctors wondered how viktor managed to survive, what did he do they answered, we need to live, we still need to serve , the story of a man with an indomitable fighting spirit, we are not lying and our work is righteous, holy, who is for what, and we are for independence, so it is difficult for us because of that,

no one could resist when crocs were made, she never once produced feminine sanitary pads during the entire existence of any brand could go otdat like in a tram half sits half shakes robbed robbed strangled destroyed greetings dear friends my name is bohdan verbytskyi today we will talk about the soviet union about its so to speak greatness about the myths associated with the soviet union and the historian oleksandr alfiorov will help me understand all this. oleksandr good health, thank you for coming, oleksandr. so, in general, according to polls in 2020 in russia, 63% of russians regret the collapse of the soviet union, and about 70%

consider the time of the soviet union to be the most successful for the entire history of russia. why do they think so? well, let's start with what the soviet union is. yes, the soviet union is a huge country. it is the rsfsr. there are 14 more republics, and when we talk about the soviet union, people usually have memories of the 70s. 80s, i.e., memories of the last two decades of the existence of this state. none of these people who participated in the question, for example, talked about the soviet union in the 20s, 30s, 40s, or the poll did not become a question. what did you think about your childhood? parents saying so, for example , addressing people who are 50+ there, that is, in fact, this section refers to the brezhnev stagnation

, the period when prices stabilized , life stabilized, that is, it was such a certain trap that actually preserved all understanding of what peasants' union, but i want to remind you in principle that , you know, armenian radio asked how life is in the soviet union and they answered that in the tram, half are sitting, half are shaking, 4,000 monuments to lenin , there were 20,000 busts in ukraine and 1,800 in russia, 20,000 + why so many? why do we have 4,000 monuments to lenin on the territory of a state where he has never been, because he is the bearer of ideology, they are now actively returning lenin to the occupied territories, and here the main thing is to understand that for the russian mentality, why don't they return lenin, and who should they return? and where is their hero? who is peter i

? who is ivan the terrible? the russian measure that they have been pushing for the last two dozen years, today it is lenin's ago. it is a mental anchor for them. look at their national holiday. it is on russia day. the anchor is also due to the fact that their peasant is ideologically very big, so it turns out that they do not have these heroes , in fact, they have lenin, they have may 9, they have all the beacons that they put up, so they are connected to the soviet union, because it is their ideology, which makes it possible to continue the end of the last empire, the russian empire, which has been collapsing since 1917 , and that is why, of course, they speak exclusively

from the point of view of the soviet union, because they speak and putin also says that ukraine created lenin before it was created in the ussr. yes when the bolsheviks occupied ukraine, there was a ukrainian state, the palace of the skoropadsky hetman, or the ukrainian people's republic, the territory of the state there was 800 thousand square kilometers, and in the 91st year, lenin created ukraine for us, which became 600 thousand square kilometers, the question where did 200,000 multiple kilometers happen and here it is the question to them is that you, someone, lenin or stalin, created ukraine. if we were deprived of essentially a quarter of our territory, how did you create ukraine? if we entered the soviet union with 50 million and left having 50 million, what is the distribution of 30-40 million of the main increase in population, who created what, in fact, they robbed, suppressed, destroyed, and today

they tell us that someone created ukraine . the streets and they ask, uh, do you want to return to the soviet union and why? well, most of them immediately start saying that they gave me an apartment for free in the soviet union, and that's a lie, they didn't give anyone free apartments we have to understand that if you didn't buy it and cooperative apartments were in the soviet union for 70 years, even then they gave you an apartment, but it's not your apartment, it's the apartment you have, it's state property, it's the period when they existed, privatization, when you were given an apartment, you should remove it there whatever, but there is no private property, so here you are in your underpants and a t- shirt, that's all you have, in fact, private property does not exist, that's why an apartment that was given out

for free to a person after the collapse of savka was privatized by the turn of e there i know that i thank god did not stop this period, there was the concept of queues. what if someone has three children there, then they are the first in line there, or those who have two there, they are a little behind there, and they are a little behind there, and how much were these volumes of construction there, even in in 1980 or 1985, a program called apartment 2000 was launched so that by 2000 all families would receive it. how did it work? it was lucky when your child turned seven, because after 7 years, she was considered to have received her gender. yes, it sounds strange, but the child there, until the age of 6-7, she was considered sexless in the context of an apartment, if there is a one-room apartment on the queue and you have a child of 5 years old, that is, it is considered a one-room apartment, if he turns 7

years old, it becomes a different gender than the parents, respectively , they give a two-room apartment. - this is definitely one of the elements of the existence of this system, which was also present in the 70s and 80s. but the queue is a deficit, a deficit that existed in the soviet union, it was a colossal deficit for everything because the state that manufactures nuclear weapons, the state that sent a man into space. shoes, and that is why people stood in line for his slavske shoes, that is, the state was oriented to ensuring the mechanism of the state for the existence of the state itself, but

to the people regardless of the fact that for someone a sausage is it was good there at that time, but for some it was not there. because more than 3 million people went through the guag system. so, that is, the exile camps where there were no sausages as such, that's why the queue is one of the elements that lacked banal things, toilet paper appeared. i i want to remind you that the production of toilet paper appeared in the late 70s and was more or less produced in the 80s , but who will remember such banal selected paper or shampoo that could be obtained by an ordinary resident until march 8, because it was ideal a gift because it was thrown away then to create a holiday for women or toilet paper when people walked the streets with such simple thoughts of this toilet paper so because it was reached it was necessary queues were most clearly manifested precisely at

the end of the 80s returning to the beginning of the conversation you said what people remember, in particular, in russia, the 70s and 80s. the 80s are the end - this is the beginning of reconstruction - there are terrible queues there, this is a direct shortage, when in reality the store is empty if you look. there are archival footage. why don't they remember this in russians a huge complex of inferiority, it is simply colossal, it goes beyond the scale, they believe that their country was robbed, they took ukraine, belarus , crimea, they took away their weapons, they took away the greatness of the country, that is, they still have this imperial burden, uh, what should they be ahead of, why ahead, why they should be better why do they have children in space in the first place because there is a complex of lower cost you just said about greatness i have a quote when big and big and big we were all afraid and trembling как толко мы толко шаг sdelaem well, in fact, this is also a deception, because

no one was in control when the soviet union took a step, and therefore when you don't think that every step of the soviet union was afraid that it would destroy them, no, but because it would be destroyed, that is what has been built up on the territory of europe for thousands of years, what are the rights a person's freedom is a field, a person yes, i have the right to life, to move, the right to act as a whole, and they are not afraid of the soviet union, but in russia there is an awareness that for some reason it was the seville union that was afraid of the consequences of the war, they were afraid, they were not afraid savka and why was everything like that was it cheap or was it really cheap, the ratio of, for example, earnings and expenses, in order to buy a car, a person needed not only to take this turn, so that we maybe, but instead, save up well , in principle, for more than 5 years, to exist without food, without food, without utilities, it is so easy to save on one salary pay to save up for a car, or do we have percentages like that, well, different phenomena

, because we have a larger assortment, so we are talking about cheap sausage. but if we count 2:20 and count with you to a salary of 120 and count these percentages, we will understand that the sausage costs the same and the quality is really a matter here, we can say about it that the standards were better, but for example , if we translate our modern average salaries and the average salaries of the syrian union of purchasing power, then we will see that in principle it was the same, but there were really cheaper food products, some we are talking about milk and we are talking, for example, about a pack of matches that cost 1 kopeck, but the question is how could you make a pack of matches for 1 kopeck, how that means someone worked for free for that pack of matches across the european border of the russian federation, someone cut down the forest

for free, someone did all these things for free. the second half of the 70s was marked by two interesting phenomena for me in the rural union. americans began to sell personal computers for the home in america, that's the whole difference . the union perceives the last decade of its existence. and i will simply say that education in the soviet union was paid, and not only paid, it was free and began to become free in the 1950s, gradually for some faculties and er, the faculties remained paid even in the 1960s, this is art education so is medicine, that is, free education in the soviet union is only about the 70s and 80s, in the 60s, before that, higher

education was paid, and not only that, it was paid , so that in the 50s, to enter a higher education the institution for some specialties did not have enough annual let's say a good salary of the parents, it should not have been a salary, that is, it is not difficult to get a salary that is high enough, in principle , it works as it does now, that is, how a person takes money there, goes to the cash register there and pays for a year of study, yes the last swimming faculties that took money. these are the banks. it was a medical specialty where it seemed necessary to spend on some kind of remand and plus. art is just people who also had to spend all these funds on pay for the material a quote from one of my acquaintances , returning to the myths in russian, any milkmaid could go and rest

. to any milkmaid, i want to note that passports began to be issued in the villages in the 1970s, so that in the 1960s it was impossible for a milkmaid to go on vacation, because she could only go outside her district with the permission of the top management and ask for the ease of the milkmaid's rest it is necessary just to emphasize once again that for the milkmaid to go on vacation, two generations before that did not go anywhere to rest, they were really given out for free. a person could go. this model was interesting, really interesting, but it was also not a corruption-free component, because you would like to go, for example , to yugoslavia, but you are going in morshin and it seems

that there is no difference, because it is a vacation. yes, but you feel that everything is not so simple in the soviet union , you could even leave, for example, there were huge such boats, excursions were possible to go anywhere, in fact, the african continent and asia, the countries of the americas, you could visit a lot of places, but it was also with consent, well, of course, you had to pay money there, it was already for money, you had to get a work permit and a description, then a permit from sparta, but there was still the world-famous kdb, what is the actual language to say? no, he has a surname, something too polish, so don’t let it go. that’s all, oleksandr, thank you very much for such an interesting story. it was oleksandr alfyorov, a historian