questions i urge them to be of course i urge you to please contact the coordination headquarters for matters of military treatment of prisoners there the necessary qualified assistance will be provided and how to contact him through which channel the public reception is in the city of kyiv spaska street 37 the phone also works consultation line and an appointment is made, there is a website, there are social networks, all this information is there in detail. thank you andriy yusov, representative of the main intelligence department of the ministry of defense, and we are moving on. olga the cook is already with us on communications jurisconsulting associations ukrainian club of agrarian business olya we congratulate you i wish you good health, we read that farmers are asking the authorities to extend the postponement of mobilization because there will be no one to work eh or such a critical topic of the lack of workers in connection with mobilization thank you really so it is quite important for us that there are enough

personnel at the enterprises and that our personnel understand that they will not be called to service at any moment in order to be able to function fully enterprises need to have a sufficient number of employees who are trained, who have worked in sufficient numbers and understand what they actually do. currently, we have a problem with the fact that we cannot book a sufficient number due to the reprimand that has now been imposed, in principle, they are in the legislation on the implementation of the mobilization tasks, unfortunately, many enterprises in the sector, and not only in the agricultural sector, cannot conclude such tasks, and that was simply put on hold and makes it impossible to book them further, in fact, we we are very grateful to the ministry of economy and our government in general and the ministry of agrarian policy for the timely preparation of all regulations and

the start of booking during the period of martial law, i.e. march, april, we were actively booking employees, but this period was only for six months and we understand that starting from september, the number of employees will not be reserved due to the lack of a mobilization task, which will lead to such a number of employees in the future will be able to take them to the army, and we already understand that it is necessary to protect the country. but at the same time, we want to be heard, because it is necessary to ensure the food security of ukraine and the world. what kind of workers are we talking about ? er, in fact, we are primarily talking about tractor drivers, machinists, er , including er, it is necessary to have a sufficient number of agronomists, and, in particular, these are the specialties, that is,

thousands and tens of thousands of people in the agricultural sector, it is difficult to say which one is needed. first of all, we want to ensure that in the future there will not be such a shortage and that the companies will still be ready for the fact that they will be able to carry out further sowing and prepare for the spring season, now a large number of tractor drivers and mechanics are needed service companies , resource companies, and they need to know that their personnel will not be taken to the army, that they will continue to work. but again, our companies fully help our armed forces, military formations, the population, and humanitarian aid and transport, including many representatives have already gone to serve on their own, but we still need to pay attention to these professions . the shortage was always the beginning of mobilization. it

just deepened this problem. what other pressing problems are there now in the agrarian sector? in general, and the reservation , because there was a reservation, we have a question about the equipment and transport, which are also taken for the needs of the army, and there are often cases when the enterprise is simply left without the necessary the number of one or another type of transport, for example, the same lawns, and in order for the enterprise to fully function, they also need to leave a sufficient number of e transport for work e-e in that there is actually such a story, again, that is why we also do it repeatedly advocated and discussed what is needed in order to systematically and equally take the equipment for the needs of the army in order to carry out assembly work in a timely manner, this is also one of the

main ones that concerns the reservation itself and in general in fact, if we talk about the transportation of grain, the issue is also actively raised. i think we have already discussed this story more than once, fuel prices, we understand that all this must be regulated and take into account the interests of farmers, that's why - and there are really many questions, the agrarians are trying to cope with the situation as much as possible, they are helping the army and the population believe in our armed forces and are determined to win, and this shows even how much the territory of ukraine was sown, how much the agrarians actively worked during this season, we understand the season that is going on, but already from the phase to the end, the harvesting of the dispute will go, that's why the agrarians are determined to win ukraine because they sow as much as possible, they sowed and we

see the results of this olga do they contact you legal the help of farmers from the occupied territories to your association and what problems they are addressing, if so, the appeal to our association from the occupied territories is primarily asked about how to be compensated in in the future because there are also destroyed enterprises. this is also our case that the association is currently collecting data in general on the number of enterprises and their infrastructure that were damaged during martial law, that is why we are accumulating all this now and in the future we will also provide information about this, well, that is, when the state of war in the country ends already, a-a, to understand how many losses there are, and so it is farmers from the occupied territories who contact us the most about such information

, uh-uh, there are also certain tax nuances about which they they ask how they should proceed in the future, report and so on. now, first of all, it is about what to do with the damaged property. see well, the topic is urgently important if you lack both transport and hands for harvesting, this is food security. we currently have agrarians not represented in the parliament, but there is a majoritarian party, well, the party is somehow separate, yes, but there is a majoritarian party, there are specialized committees. you asked the ministry that it is necessary to make changes urgently, here i want to say that this is how we appealed to of our specialized agrarian committee, because such a committee is represented in the verkhovna rada, they support our initiatives, they also appealed to the government and are ready to support legislative changes

. even to expand the possibility for farmers to book without this conclusion of a mobilization task, that is what will allow to book all the necessary workers who are deficient for the enterprise, that is why there is the full support of the ministry of economy, the ministry of agrarian policy, and the deputies of the agrarian committee, and we think that after such a bill is introduced in the near future, it will be supported by all the people's deputies , because it is really ah, a permit so that we could, and won’t they, since everyone has now started adopting children, uh, three at a time, will they become tractor drivers and combine harvesters later, to get this seed, and in fact, to book the employee needs to get approval from, if in

our case, the relevant ministry, then the ministry of defense approves it, and only after that the ministry of economy will issue orders. that is , it will be like this, three rounds must go through to get such a reservation, or as we already expect and have already announced first of all, there should be a reservation, and accordingly, it will be in electronic format, where it will be difficult for all tractor drivers to become combine harvesters, because there will also be a need for employment contracts, and in general, show a video with fields, how do you collect wheat, yes, no, but in any case, they are working on a wonderful mechanism if it is through me booking it will be just perfect, that is, we will completely switch to digitalization, some consultant of the association of the ukrainian agrarian business club was with us . thank you for participating, and then in our on the air, the film is a special project, it is called 10 days of independence of ukraine, which shows the path that

our country actually took to form itself as a separate european state, it is 10 episodes of 10 key historical events for our country, which covering the period from 1918 to today, the host is the historian volodymyr vyatrovych and the project was implemented by the center for research on the liberation movement with the support of the ukrainian cultural fund, let's watch together hello, my name is volodymyr vetrovych and this is the 10 days of independence project, why 10 first is our way to freedom for 100 years, i believe that understanding the turning points on this path, including our common future , therefore i invite you to experience these historical events with me, to look at them through the eyes of the participants

today, for many of us, the events of january 22, 1918 are just a page from a history textbook, a few well -known facts about the fourth general that proclaimed the independence of the ukrainian people's republic, for example, the fact that this event happened here in this building, every schoolchild knows about it, it is written in every textbook, even though in fact everything was not quite as we imagine today, even the date of the central council delegates really met on the 22nd, but the final text of the universal was adopted only on the night of january 25, and this probably the smallest mystery of the fourth universal, i try to put myself in the place of current schoolchildren, if i were not a historian who has been dealing with this topic for many years, i would certainly ask what

they were arguing about for so long and why they did not declare independence already in the first universal who are these people central rada - this is a parliament like the current verkhovna rada of ukraine, and finally, what was the fourth station wagon worth if kyiv was captured by the bolsheviks in a few weeks in order to answer all these questions we will have to go back a year from the events we are talking about in february 1917 and not in kyiv, but in the capital of the russian empire in petrograd, the new year 1917 did not promise anything good for tsarist russia. the empire suffered terrible losses on the fronts of the first world war more than any other country, approximately one in ten died the soldier was a russian subject, the losses among the civilian population were even more impressive, almost every third civilian killed was a russian

citizen. in addition, a severe economic crisis caused by the war and bad governance began in the empire in february 1917 in the imperial capitals mass protests began. and what happened at that time in ukraine? well, at the beginning of 1917, the level of national consciousness among the population was not very high, after all, national consciousness comes at certain moments when a person is faced with a choice: is he a russian, is he a ukrainian, when these questions become when there was a revolution in petrograd , when the tsar was gone and various organizations of parties began to appear en masse, some enlightenment, jewish , polish, ukrainian, russian, various and every person was faced with the question of who i am and

at which rally will i go, in ukrainian or in russian, but let's go back to revolutionary petrograd. as we know, after short but bloody street battles, the protesters took the upper hand there, tsar nicholas ii abdicated and the government passed to the provisional government, although in kyiv i did not learn about this immediately, then there was no no internet, no television, not even a radio, we in ukraine at that time were the first to learn about the revolution in petrograd, the railway workers there at first did not even believe the telegram of the new revolutionary chief it talked about the fact that there are no more scratches and now democracy and equality are planned throughout the empire sounded good, but at the same time there was a practical question to which no one had an answer at that time, and who is now in power and whose kyiv is now , even today in kyiv, the capital of independent ukraine

the russian language remains widely used. despite this, more than 70% of current kyivans support the status of ukrainian as the only state language, and now imagine what was here more than 100 years ago, according to the 1917 census, almost 55% of kyiv residents called themselves russians, the russian language was considered their native language by 62% of kyivans, but ukrainian is only 9%. average kyivans are not ukrainians, well, they knew that there was ukraine, they probably knew that there were ukrainians, but they are such funny little russians, er, they are some kind of maids-carriers, some kind of milkmaids and and so on and here suddenly there are so many of them and they demand something and they long for something very quickly it turned out that a lot of people who until now identified themselves with khokhlas with little russians simply

with russians with muzhiks and they felt their involvement in ukrainianism was also worth seeing a blue and yellow flag, a portrait of shevchenko and singing a testament, and all the people became ukrainians, they felt their own involvement in this, and in this context it was very important to hold a ukrainian demonstration in kyiv on march 19, and when suddenly thousands of ukrainians gathered in kyiv, it was an opening and by the ukrainians themselves, and this became a discovery for others. where did the central rada come from? you have its children on behalf of ukrainians. why did we mostly consist of artists and scientists and not, say, statesmen? businessmen, aristocrats, soldiers, these are important questions that will help you understand the essence of the events of 1918.

follow me, i will show you where the central rada began. people who go down or go up to the golden gate metro station probably have no idea that 100 years ago, the ukrainian people's republic was born in this building, here is the ukrainian cultural club, namely in this half-basement, where the restaurant is now, 40 years ago, mykola lysenko, ivan franko, olena pchilka, lesya ukrainka mykhailo met here kotsyubynskyi and dozens of other figures of ukrainian culture. actually, this club was a real center of ukrainian cultural life. they organized events that attracted thousands of people and this scared the tsarist police. the organization in kyiv is the best, the kyiv ukrainians

got together and formed something like that, and hrushevskyi in particular felt the need to reach out to a broader, broader, some kind of community because similar organizations arose in odesa in poltava, chernihiv, zhytomyr, everywhere, everywhere, they arose, and it was necessary to somehow gather and discuss what exactly we demand, what exactly we want, and for this purpose it was gathered, and this national congress and with it there is a very interesting moment that just on the day of the congress, the peak of the spring floods, and the flood of the 17th year was extremely powerful, the dnipro rose by 5 meters, that is, the peasants who uh, in which sowing begins , in which it is necessary to save uh the local community and they go to kyiv to feel themselves in their environment, well, a peasant for whom

there is nothing more valuable than the land goes to declare that he is a ukrainian, that he wants something, this is a very important moment of the beginning of the ukrainian revolution, and it was actually at this congress that took place legitimization of the central council, re-elections took place and the central council actually became the central governing body of the ukrainian national movement, events developed extremely quickly. on june 23, 1917, the central council adopted its first universal declaration by which

it declared wide autonomy as part of the future russian federation, but the russian provisional government refused to recognize autonomy, the negotiations lasted for almost a month, their result was a compromise. in petrograd they didn't even want to hear, but already in november in russia, which seemed to be moving in a democratic direction, a coup occurs, the bolsheviks led by lenin come to power. so the provisional government with which the ukrainians tried to agree on autonomy no longer exists, and the new government, the bolsheviks, do not look like people you can deal with late at night on november 20, 1917. the central rada gathered for its meeting, it took place here in the hall of the current teacher's house , hrushevsky himself opened the meeting by quoting a passage from his speech, after long deliberation due to doubts , the general secretariat came to the opinion that in order for the national power to become a real de facto power under it, it must be strong undermined, and only

the proclamation of the ukrainian people's republic can be so undermined, now we can say well, why didn't hrushevsky put an end to this in his speech. but no, he continues it with the words of the republic, which will be a full-fledged body in the strength of the union of the peoples of russia, so the central rada adopted the third universal the third universal which declared the ukrainian people's republic are more important than the fourth the people's republic, some kind of state system , universals are prescribed, some a-a principles of the formation of government bodies, some kind of relations. well , in fact, this is such a constitutional act. and here, too, it is worth paying attention to the international context

. after the third universal, ukraine began to be recognized as an independent state in the international arena, in general, at the end of its existence, the ukrainian people's republic had diplomatic relations with more than twenty countries of the world, among them england, france , the usa and even argentina, but the unr was the first to officially recognize germany, austria-hungary, bulgaria and turkey. at that time, ukraine was already at war with bolshevik russia. in december 1917 , the ukrainian government received an ultimatum signed by lenin and trotsky in it the bolsheviks essentially declared themselves the successors of the russian empire and demanded complete obedience and the transfer of power

to their representatives on ukrainian lands, of course the central rada rejected these demands, and already for for a week the troops of the red army occupied kharkiv even before the start of open armed aggression, the bolsheviks tried to capture kyiv from the inside, if we now say by the methods of hybrid war, on the second day after the announcement of the ultimatum in kyiv, in this building they announced the convening of the all-ukrainian congress of soviets of workers' peasants' and soldiers' deputies, but the congress supported the central rada and condemned the actions of the bolsheviks. it was a crushing defeat of the pro-russian forces in ukraine, but lenin and his associates were not going to stop at implementation of their plans therefore, on the very next day after the occupation of kharkiv, they held another fake congress, which they called all-ukrainian, where they announced the creation of the ukrainian people's republic of soviets, on behalf of which the red army began the occupation of ukrainian territories

in parallel with the aggression against ukraine, the bolsheviks tried to sign a capitulation to germany and its allies, because lenin promised an immediate end to the war, the negotiations took place in brest, in the current belarusian brest, ukraine participated in them as a full-fledged bolshevik party the delegation headed by lviv trotsky tried instead to involve their puppets from kharkiv in the negotiations, the bolsheviks were biding their time, hoping to capture kyiv before the signing of the peace treaty, the enemy rings were shrinking in the 20s, the bolsheviks captured zhytomyr, sarny-myrhorod, they were already on the approaches to kyiv at that time the head of the central rada, mykhailo hrushevskyi, began to convince his colleagues to adopt a new universal that would declare the independence of the ukrainian state , at that time there was still a belief among politicians that it is possible to establish relations with russia, better

of course with the bolsheviks, but if the russians really want the bolsheviks, then let them be and it will be possible to settle it with some negotiations or some calls , but the leadership of the central council, hrushevsky himself, is very careful, but they insisted on the union with germany and for greater legality of this brestian future of the brest peace treaty, one more act on the declaration of independence was needed, that is, the fourth universal is politically motivated primarily on appearance now you understand why the adoption of the fourth universal took so long. in the end , on the night of january 24-25, after three days of discussions and amendments to the text, a solemn meeting began. the power of the universe, a huge crowd gathered on volodymyrska street near

the building of the then pedagogical museum, it was 20 minutes into the first minute, the tribune rose, hrushevskyi, the whole hall stood up and froze. this is what he writes the new council, when he read the words of the universal, one and no, the ukrainian people's republic becomes an independent, independent, free sovereign state of the ukrainian people . in a single impulse the hall picked up ukraine is not dead

yet . only 9 months have passed, the ukrainians were second only to the finns in the russian empire and did not defend their independence not because of a lack of determination, but because of the scale of aggression, which was much greater than those faced by other nations, and think about what the country would be like today if there was no unr or if independence had continued if there was no fourth station wagon on january 22, 1918,

events, the most important events, events that are happening right now and affect our lives, of course, the news feed reports about them, but it is not enough to know what is happening, you need to understand antin borkovsky and invited experts soberly evaluate events, analyze them, modeling our near future every saturday at 1:00 p.m. with a repeat at 10 p.m., studio event with anton borkovsky, nayspresso, our ukrainian temporarily occupied cities, heroes of ukrainians under occupation, heroically resisting the enemy and waiting for the day of liberation, support of your people, join the flash mob with the hashtag city of heroes, write about the occupied cities in social networks and

use their geolocation in posts, publish a photo with a yellow ribbon, this is a symbol of support for people in occupation ukrainians will be films support the cities of heroes unconquered cities of ukraine lviv is a city where more than 2,000 historical architectural and cultural monuments have been preserved, its center belongs to the world cultural heritage of unesco here at the monastery of st. onufry ivan fedorov founded the first printing house and printed the first ukrainian book the apostle after the november reign and the creation of the west ukrainian people's republic lviv became the capital and heart of the ukrainian liberation movement in june 1941 on the ukrainian market square the national assembly proclaimed the act of restoration of the

ukrainian state, after which the nazis began terror against ukraine. the ukrainian insurgent army tried to take the city under their control, but the reds seized power despite the repression. lviv residents continued the struggle today, all roads lead to lviv, even angelina jolie did not miss it, it became a second home for thousands of ukrainians, the soviet union provides tons of humanitarian goods and continues to work for victory in lviv even under missile strikes undefeated lasts 173 days of heroic the resistance of ukrainians to the russian invaders is brought to your attention, the news is not stressful, anzhelika sezonenko is working in the studio, the russian army fired at kharkiv, they searched the sleeping area of