uh, three and bmd 4 from a distance of more than 500 m, again, this should be used. well, we should also take into account the fact that, again, there are on-board blinds, here are the air intakes, uh, there is uh, that means the exhaust system, injection grilles, all that quite vulnerable places, if you take into account that the gun also wants to be made of steel, but it is enough for the bullet to enter the gun and at least deform the barrel a little, but this is quite enough for the barrel to swell after the shot, or on the contrary, a cliff, that is, a fight with small arms against the enemy's infantry fighting vehicles, it should be carried out in any case. and are there any examples of the use of so-called anti-

materiel sniper rifles, which are unmarked by the ukrainian army, to combat the enemy's light armored vehicles vyacheslav do you have such information about such a countermeasure, even ours the command was teaching, teaching the video, and now we remember that in april and may, anti-materiel rifles were used to shoot down an infantry fighting vehicle, but let's just say that this phenomenon does not carry mass space, again, including what is now the russians simply don’t come close very often on their light portrait technique to that position, er, placement of anti-material pregnancies. although they are 12.7 and 14:5, and in the latter case, this is a really powerful weapon that is capable of striking, well, let’s say so, the majority of russian er light crown of technology and we do if the opponents simply do not write

good a-a in the timeliness of the material parents, they are heavy enough and if we are already talking about the attack er-er that is, there is infiltration of influence to the adversary , then here is the question of what is better to take for this anti-material type and anti-tank rocket launchers in the area or gunwales and so on. and so on, they can be more active. of course, eh, mykola, eh, let's move on to the btr-82a, because in terms of losses, this machine takes second place in the hierarchy. is damaged or destroyed by equipment there, according to data for april, 139 bt-82a were destroyed, of which 79 were destroyed and damaged, and 60 armored personnel carriers were dropped and captured, what are the ratings for the btr-82a, the strengths and weaknesses of this

machine means the chassis - it is still the same soviet btr 80 perform although the suspension was strengthened a little there and they increased the power of the engine from 240 to 300 horsepower, but it did not help. why, because the first installation of a 30-mm gun, which was designed to have a front support of the barrel, and the gun was created to fire 100 mm plus 30 mm for the bmp-3 e-e, when firing without such a support, it leads to the fact that the accuracy at a distance of 1 km is already such that, as a rule, the first projectile hits the target, and the second, the third, and all the e-e continue to go either by flight or such a deviation that the enemy does not even notice what

they fire at them, i.e. it is enough to miss with the first projectile and then shoot, that’s one thing and the other, well, the design of the stabilizer drive itself is very unsuccessful. why? because it is used. e-e, the so-called helical drive, which is moved from the e axis to the guns by more than 300 mm, so it is very difficult to stabilize it, so the shooting is aimed shooting from the east at a conveyor speed of 15-20 km. it's almost impossible, and in order to introduce aimed fire, it is necessary to stop. well, this is to pretend to the enemy who uses these kinds

of stops, vyacheslav. what are your assessments of this most massive, seemingly new model in the ranks of the russian army? well, it's really the same ptr-80 but with more powerful weapons, the majority of these btr-82s belong to the aem modification. that is, these are precisely the btr-80s that have been modernized. that is, they are not machines of new production. meter 82 well, that practice i saw only one - 4.82 lighter atm that drove our way then explain and then we understood that he ran into his own free helmet plan with that 62 and told about the components, that is, they are love, we

identified him only by his patronymic there is a lot of common traction there from the armored personnel carrier, just in case there was something else there, some schmali can be corrected. well, i don’t know, that is, the sequence of these combat knowledge of the inventory, but we understand that this one is the same to pass 80, we are a sweet booking, uh, vulnerable to eh of this caliber small arms hmm to anti-tank weapons no to the great column in artillery shells, for example, to check 150 groups or 155 mmm, to be honest, we only passed half of the samples that i went to discuss, we have 3 minutes left and a couple mykola, you have a question about mtlb why is russia starting to transfer units on the collision line, which are equipped exactly with mt-lb, what is the advantage of this machine,

are there any advantages at all, are these disadvantages, the lack of other models of equipment . the structure of those units that were armed with the ntlb with their equipment and were rolling over, these are the mountain units - these are the units of the north, this is the marines of the northern fleet. these are the couple of brigades that were located again in the st. petersburg area. er, to rearm them with other types of weapons is to remove them from combat use for about one month, no one can afford such a thing now. well, after the losses that were suffered again, well, it’s better to find hundreds of units for rearming, if there are these hundred

units, then replenish those units that suffered losses, vyacheslav, your final message about what needs to be done to further destroy russian armored vehicles on the battlefield, that for this you need to use all available means, from light light anti-tank weapons, that is, grenade launchers and small arms hospital spinners to artillery systems high-precision means, and so on . this extremely interesting conversation and mr. mykola and mr. vyacheslav. i think that we are still continuing our discussions precisely of their extremely interesting moments in combat actions. i will remind our viewers that today's guests on the espresso channel were mykola salamakha, retired lieutenant colonel,

specialist in the field of armored vehicles, and v' yacheslav tseluyko, a military analyst, now a serviceman of the special operations forces of the armed forces of ukraine, serhii zgurets was with you, stay on the espresso channel, congratulations, i am andriy yanitskyi, espresso tv channel, you are watching the news economy during the war if you watch us on the internet, please like us comment on this video send the link to your friends and family like us more people will see us grain expert nuclear security and captured ukrainian defenders these questions were the main ones during the talks in lviv by the president of ukraine volodymyr zelensky yesterday and the president of turkey peredogan with the participation of the secretary general of the united nations antonio gutijesa, the parties discussed a possible visit of the megaten to the zaporizhzhia atomic plant, in particular the secretary general

noted that the mission is possible only with the consent of ukraine and the russian federation, and if the commission departs from kyiv, they also talked about our prisoners, well, regarding the economy, and the president gave a positive assessment of the implementation of the grain expert initiative, zelensky noted that the leading role was played by alla turkey personally, mr. erdogan, in that this initiative was generally implemented and continues. zelenskyi and erdogan also discussed the issue of large-scale theft of grain by russia in the temporarily occupied territory of ukraine, in particular, it was pointed out that the occupiers had appropriated almost 500,000 tons of grain, the leaders agreed that any trade in stolen goods is inadmissible, the grain corridor really works during the period of operation of the great odesa sports route, 24 ships with ukrainian grain for foreign consumers left, this was reported by the spokesman of the odesa regional military

administration serhiy bratchuk, one more ship this morning it came out with ukrainian industrial products to the port of destination and also a very important point that emphasizes the importance and effectiveness of this route is that the ships go to us they go exactly to loading today already four ships are scheduled to call, two of them, as far as i know, are already in one of the ports, they are loaded with ukrainian wheat, and after this procedure they should go along the specified route. this grain corridor, let's try to summarize how it works, what effect it has on the economy, pavlo martyshe is with us, a researcher of the agrocer of the kyiv school of economics, paula, congratulations. good morning, in order to have such a voluminous

picture of what is happening, let's tell the audience how we exported our agricultural products before the great russian invasion of ukraine until february 24, and in what volumes and what crops were exported. and oil crops, that is, when we talk about grain corridors, it is not only grain, it is also oil crops and sunflower oil, in general, the main export crops are wheat as a food grain is also processed into flour, fodder wheat is corn er fodder, i.e. feed corn and unrefined sunflower oil, i.e. ukraine does not er export sunflower in the form

of seeds, well, that is, it exports very little, but er, in general, it exports processed products of processing 7 million tons, and if we talk about the routes, then we mainly exported these products through the ports. that is, it was the only or the main channel of export before the beginning of the new phase of the war. were transported across the polish borders by rail, but there the volumes were quite small, so in principle you can simplify and say that everything was exported through the sports, and we also grow vegetables and fruits, or their volume is so small that it can be disregarded fruits, in particular. we grow a lot of apples and in recent years there was even an

overproduction of apples, but europeans do not need these apples in principle because they are not suitable for quality and there is a strong producer of poles, as far as i know there are are large producers of apples and cannot stand competition with polish apples. well, plus berries. well, we also export, but i understand that by ground transport. here are blueberries and well, other things. yes, it is more than such industries. that is, they can not be taken into account if we are talking about a global choice such as 7 million tons of export and how much is it in money, is it possible to calculate i understand that prices change regularly, but this is how much money we received from exports, how important is this part of our economy? i looked at what seems to be 10% of gdp in principle forms the agricultural sector according to last year. and what figures do you have that you can recall? well, about 10%

of gdp, about 40% of exports, again, we need to look at it from 7, that is, if we are talking about 14-15 years, when world prices were quite low and therefore there, the share of the agricultural sector was insignificant, if we are talking about 20-21 years, then the share of agricultural exports was really significant, that is, it can be conditionally multiplied. i would say $500, 100 tons, this is the weighted average price of wheat, corn and sunflower oil. they are possible a little more, but they can be counted and multiplied by 7 million per month , that is, we are talking about huge sums. what has changed after the russian invasion, uh, how have our export capabilities changed , and uh, they have changed radically, that is, it is no secret to anyone that

the sea ports were blocked and we became to export e-e grain through the western borders, but there are a lot of different barriers , it is low e-e throughput capacity on the western borders e-e approximately 2 million tons e can be exported through the western borders including, say, the danube river. that is, there is loading also to the river ports - these are ishmael and reni, and then it is transported by river to romania. it is already shipped to the sea ports there. we immediately felt the difference between 7 million tons per month and 2 million tons per month. these 5 million had to be stored somewhere, respectively, and a new one there is no place to send the harvest, they faced a crisis, they should have faced a food crisis, which the united nations also talked about a lot, how did the

ukrainian authorities react, how did the international authorities also react from semi-toryism, could it be possible to solve this issue without the opening of the ports, well, without the opening of the port, it was not possible to solve it. by the way, the food crisis is an interesting issue and it is more deeply than is speculated in the news, especially in the international ones, that is, it is important to understand that the prices of global prices and they change due to there are many factors and the factor of ukraine. let's say it is not the most important because ukraine is such a significant player, but all the same, the role of ukraine is in ensuring occupational safety - this is such a dynamic value. and i would say that the main such critical moment was at the end of spring, when uh, prices

were growing very wildly due to climate risks in the states and europe, and it was at this time, uh, that putin started talking about uh, a possible blocking of the export of russian grain, and this led to, in principle, such a furore on global markets and er, then the situation softened, then they started to harvest in the northern hemisphere, we are talking about winter grains, wheat, barley, and er, it became easier, but there was a critical moment around the month when the factors coincided, this and climatic risks to the whole world and the impossibility of ukraine to export grain and the manipulation of russia that we will now cover up export of grain, but this did not happen in principle , they shipped it quite actively actually i understand that putin had his own geopolitical

goals, just as he is doing with gas now and uses gas as a weapon, he also tried to use grain as such a political weapon against the international community, he still managed to agree with him on the opening of ports as a way to end these negotiations, can we say that russia we gained something from that because we understand that hmm if we were allowed to export, then accordingly we went to some dishes or um someone else went maybe redagan went where hmm who participated in these negotiations yes absolutely there are clear advantages for russia from the opening of grain corridors, this is a partial solution to the syrian conflict, that is, russia and turkey have agreed that turkey will, in

principle, do something in syria, but not very actively, if we simplify, and we see that a few days ago a special operation has already begun. by the way, not in syria against syrian kurds, but as i understand it, there will be a clear redistribution of spheres of influence between turkey and russia and, accordingly, this is important for russia, because it should not charge more contingents in syria and can, unfortunately, send more to ukraine. well, but not much more. this is the first positive . the second positive is that the launch of the grain corridors reduces the costs of transporting russian grain, that is, they are also global exporters, and russia is essentially the global wheat exporter this year.

the record harvest is, well, we estimate it to be somewhere around 92 million tons, this has never happened before, and they need to get it somehow , so in principle, one more plus, the third plus is that they are cooperating with turkey in the field of energy, they are building a nuclear power plant there in turkey, they also trade together with turkey. and what did turkey win, or did turkey make concessions in this agreement, what is the benefit of erdogan? we understand our benefit that we can still export grain as before. we will talk about this a little later . still russian benefit we understood that for erdogan, well , in addition to the fact that, of course, his status as a negotiator is now number one, many world leaders have tried to become negotiators between ukraine and russia, but so far it has succeeded

and so far only he has succeeded. yes, you have already almost answered this question, that is, if you to look globally from a geopolitical point of view, he doesn't want to show what you see, europe america, you couldn't come to an agreement there, to become such a mediator in the negotiations between ukraine and russia, and i was able to, and this strengthens the geopolitical influence for if we talk about geopolitics, if we go down to such a tactical level in the agricultural sector, then turkey will have a 25% discount on ukrainian grain . at the very beginning of the negotiations in istanbul, there was a lot of criticism about it, that it was looting and, er, an opportunity to take advantage of the

bad situation in ukraine to make money from it, ah, but it is clear that this is a real policy, that there should be some profit in turkey, they officially have this discount, is it fixed in the negotiations or how is it formed yes yes 25% discount. and in principle they use it, but i don’t think that it will directly reduce our income, expert , let’s write the mechanics of this grain corridor, that is, the ships leave from odessa ports. well, if we take such a large odessa, then from our black sea ports they go along the black sea coast european to turkey and further to the countries that buy their own grain, what happens to these cargoes, does someone have them there look after, i remember that russia really wanted to look after all these courts of ours to make sure that there are no weapons there, as they said, no, you can start there a

little earlier, that is, when they go to odessa, the posts are inspected, yes, they are inspected in istanbul, in principle, by representatives of the four sides that is, it is also the turkish side, our side, the un and russia , and in principle, then they go to the ports of odesa and are loaded and go back, and in principle, when they pass these routes, if no one has the right to approach them closer than 10 nautical miles miles that's it, in principle. well, that's all. who is monitoring this , after all, someone has to provide this power function. i remember that when the first ship was leaving, two

turkish military frigates were spotted, which, er, were supposed to guard these ships this is done by turkey, this is done by the armed forces of ukraine, who guarantees the safety of merchant ships, this is the ship turkey yes, to what extent it accompanies there, but in fact there is no information whether they directly reach the very ports of odesa, the turkish ship itself is here, but we cannot know that because military ships, unlike civilian ones, do not have these traffic trackers included. we can not simply look at marine traffic such a service and see where they are now, but they are sometimes visible by other means of tracking , how many have already been exported, this corridor actually works since two or three weeks. since august 1, it has already been almost a month, 17.5 weeks. yes,

how much has been exported? can we say that this grain corridor is already fully operational and we can no longer worry about the fact that something may fail because when the first court did not go, we talked either with you or with your colleagues from the agricultural center of the kyiv school of economics and they said that you know, well, this is only the first attempt, let's wait for such a beta mode, let's see how it goes, we can already say that everything is okay yes, actually, not completely. i would say 50%. i.e. 650 were exported during this time, about 60, well, 650,000 tons of grain came out in 25 minutes and 18 were spent on loading, that is, again, 650 in three weeks is not very much. take into account that these ports, these three ports, they can

er, about 3.5 million tons of grain to be shipped monthly. that is, we did not reach the capacity that was supposed to be reached, and probably the last question will be, but it can be opened in principle , or can russia simply block the export of ukrainian grain again? well, let's suppose that tomorrow something at all levels has not worked out and russia has changed its mind, is there such a risk and how are we prepared for it mmm well theoretically it is possible yes that is, first of all there is no need to trust the russians at all secondly mmm it should be taken into account that the deal will continue the first stage is 120 days, and when this stage ends, they will have more legal prerequisites for not continuing it, but you know, this big

crop in russia needs somewhere to go, somewhere to go, and if russia blocks the export of e-e from ukraine, it will actually increase a lot the price of the freight, and the risks for the russians themselves, that other countries will simply refuse their grain for political reasons. thank you, pavlo martyshev, a researcher at the kyiv school of economics, and working in such an agricultural center, researches agricultural and industry, finally, i want to say that in ukraine the assets of a large network of gas stations were seized, it is probably the amic energy network, the court seized 308 real estate objects , the corporate rights of this network on the territory of ukraine, the press service of the economic security bureau reports that the total amount of corporate rights is over uah 50 million for today

, it was all news of the economy during the war . watch us on weekdays at 8 in the morning live , repeat at 11:00 p.m. and when it is convenient for you, find us on the internet on youtube and watch also, i am andrii yanitskyi espresso together we will win until the whole country chooses the future according to the program and its place in it keep the chance that falls only once it generation is a program of number mines and partners for absolutely free training in it professions, get the profession of the future and become a fighter of the digital front to ensure strong economic backend and personal update apply now it generation a chance for a great future february 24 the date that changed us the date that changed the world and now what interests us most

our victory is when we defeat the enemy so predict the course of the war the saturday political club program returns to the espresso airwaves to help understand the events and predict the consequences that on saturdays vitaly portnikov and maria gurska will discuss the most relevant to draw appropriate conclusions if you want to know how what is happening today will affect our tomorrow watch saturday political club every saturday nespresso i welcome the program of the ukrainian service of the voice of america time