when you start arguing with day saying that you are more brother you can't be older yes that is the same uh what today we are talking about uh what i look like this. talking with people, everything else. it seems to me that those people do not know what should happen so that they finally put it in their heads and did not even think in this direction. let's say the place of residence, they already understood what it is, but hmm how many people, er, it is still the same . if we don't learn the lessons from this war today, it will come again in a couple of years. our children, our grandchildren

will fight with machine guns, they will liberate their land again, and now the question is what should it be tough, as tough as possible, er, of course non- traumatic well, although it is possible for someone and traumatic coma, these traumas are necessary humanitarian cultural policy of ukraine after the war, er, to simply form, help people to form in the ukrainian context, because the ukrainian context is huge, powerful, what some people call ukrainian culture small well, that's what mother teresa said, she says it's not a small world to accept children whose you kill. it's your hearts, little one, that's not ukrainian culture, little one, it's your knowledge of culture, little one, obviously. well, i think you know who i'm talking about, i won't name names, but here what should be the cultural and humanitarian policy in order to once again place people in this ukrainian context and they got used to it and began to feel comfortable in it, you see completely independent, we did not have any such

national idea, that is, there was no concept that would be a complex concept in this field, which was formed in order to develop the national spirit of the people, and some national interests, instead, everything was always like our compatriot writer stepan in one of rudansky's works, what sharpens the gap from the top to the bottom. that is, somewhere in some segment, they tried to do something, but it didn't work like that. it should be a complex approach, starting from the fact that the concept of national education should be formed. that we have already brought up several generations of ukrainian citizens without a proper national foundation. that is, somewhere there, everyone teaches something on their own, but it shouldn't be like that, that is, there should be some kind of reference point, there should be some kind of goal, some kind of direction.

we bring up when we want to see on the way out and then it will be much easier to work, whatever word we call it. well, i will say ukrainian, because they were born in ukraine, singers, cultural figures who stayed in russia did not leave, they did not even cry at the ruins of buchachi irpinya, as she did one singer just stayed there, or they kept silent about the aggression or pretended that it didn't concern them. well, it's certain that this word was coined a lot to change the language, they were once called mankurts, yes, that is, people who, uh, it's your time, uh, left their native land the lands and er in them er were reborn and started in general well, they forgot who they are from and what i think that this is a very er comparison and here there is no need to add more and that for you victory in this war is for me personally it is certain that the

opportunity to wake up every day not to think about the fact that your city will fly in today is the opportunity to do what we love, like us singers, to go to the cities, happy, peaceful ukrainian cities and welcome people with some events, to create a holiday, and victory is for sure what this is feeling fraternal night, and yet, finally, to stand up and declare to the whole world why i am the representative of a nation that has its own country, that has its heroes, and that has its independence, for which it was elected in such a

hard struggle and at such a terrible price, your songs are on the lips of all ukrainians, for sure some of them have become classic and almost folk, and from now on, music comes to visit you, you write lyrics , music, uh, i write something, but so that i can remember it productively. however, routine work related to e-e takes more time with military work and with humanitarian work, something appears a little bit, some time, i think that if only they sang this song, no one will keep it to themselves. and we will definitely sing them. thank you very much. i believe that you and your colleagues in the workshop they will put their swords to the musical one, they will sheathe them, as they say, and they

will take up musical instruments and our victory at big concerts all over the country, you will sing your legendary, truly folk songs, thank you very much for taking part. a historian who is well-known in this uh-uh in these festive moments independence day 31st independence day independence that ukraine today continues to fight for in this terrible, difficult, bloody but holy war for itself, some creatures hunt washing machines, and we from ukraine insure our machines online on hotline finance hotline finance insurance of course online in

airplane cockpits behind radar station monitors at the control points of anti-aircraft missile systems at thousands of combat positions throughout the territory of our country they approach every day victory. glory to the air forces of the armed forces of ukraine. it is very important in this difficult time to be aware of what is happening. we tell the news and help to understand the events, but the war can make its corrections in the event that the broadcast signal is lost. watch espresso on the satellite now . espresso has become available immediately for two satellites, viewers watching our channel on the astra satellite should reset the tuner to the new parameters, because the old parameters will soon stop

broadcasting espresso ukrainian view thank you look at whatever ukrainians think about so that they don't talk about the first place, the war still comes out, the war is our victory, seven days a week from monday, monday, seven different spheres of human activity, sports, culture, politics, eight express presenters, journalists, experts, opinion leaders in real time about the most relevant events through the prism of war every day author's projects naspresso unconquered cities of ukraine lviv is a city where more than 2000 historical architectural and cultural monuments have been preserved, its center belongs to the world of unesco cultural heritage here at the monastery of st. onufry ivan fedorov founded the first

printing house and printed the first ukrainian book apostol after the november order and the creation of the west ukrainian people's republic lviv became the capital and the heart of the ukrainian liberation movement in june 1941 on rynok square the ukrainian national assembly proclaimed the act of restoration of ukrainian state, after which the nazis began terror against the oun ukrainian insurgent army tried to take the city under their control, but the reds seized power, despite the repression, lviv residents continued and the struggle today, all roads lead to lviv , even angelina jolie did not miss it, it has become a second home for thousands of ukrainians, it provides the soviet with tons of humanitarian goods and even under missile strikes it continues to work for victory in lviv

unconquered without ukraine , it is impossible to destroy the soviet union and here is the day to believe with our happiness we are also independent to declare ukraine an independent democratic state on august 24, 1991, ukrainians understand more than ever what independence really is, those who were deprived of freedom are good understand what a great value this is. we will win and make such a state where ukrainians will not die. because independence is a state that protects

each of its citizens. fear is natural. you will turn it into a righteous anger anger that will ignite the heart and give strength to move forward this fear we have something to lose and therefore to defend at such an incredible cost but great freedom was not gained at the expense of every step we take today is a step to a happy future. each of us is here because we tamed the city, learned to manage it, made it our ally, no matter how difficult it may be for us, but there will definitely be no shame. well, today we continue exactly such a cycle of interviews dedicated to the

independence day of ukraine, which coincided this year 31 the anniversary of the first six months of the war and the invasion of ukraine and russia by the full-scale invasion of russia into ukraine and we ask famous ukrainians what this day means to them. this holiday is the independence day of ukraine and our today the interlocutor is the writer yurii andruhovich p . yurii. congratulations, e.e. good day. in fact, we start with a question to everyone equally, what is independence for you personally? let's say we guessed. and ukrainians were surveyed what is the greatest value for them. when they talk about ukraine and uh, there were very different answers, but more than 80%

of ukrainians in the east and the west said that independence is an indisputable value to them. ukraine and showed its own invasion, the war showed that these were not empty words, indeed, ukrainians were ready, as it turned out, to shed blood for this independence, although it is certain that different people put a different understanding into it, i meet i meet, for example, with the thoughts of volodymyr dubrovsky of the zneseli group recently wrote about the fact that if ukraine becomes nationalist, it will not be the ukraine that he would like, or, for example, a conversation with andriy sudomoru and one of the brilliant linguists , translators and writers of ukraine said that if the ukrainian language will now cease to be alive and will lose its connection with a conspiracy there, i don't know from the 19th century, then he does not want such a language either. i, and this shows that for us we are valuable, you lived with some of your own ideas about what the ukrainian state should become, but everyone

grappled with the fact that it is like a cocoon from which something must eventually emerge, some kind of butterfly, that's why, from the perspective of this is your answer, what is ukrainian independence for you and why is it important and i'm sure that it's this year, uh, so uh independence day is special for me. now i will explain why it is special for me. why is it special? based on my year of birth in 1960, i was 31 years old. when our independence was declared in august 1991, i lived exactly the same number of years. and after that, another 31 years, that is, this year 2022, i can say that the declaration of

ukrainian independence is my life equator, so in the future, i hope it will change into a year of greater, if longer , my life experience already in independent ukraine but this year is probably the only unique opportunity to say yes half of my life, half of my life i was waiting for this independence and for another half of my life i was even happy because for me personally this is the most important holiday of all of the annual holiday cycle e-e i especially love it e-e when hm e memories return to

the same summer of 1991 when i start to remember this hm e-e extremely dramatic situation e-e the chervona ruta festival in zaporizhzhia ended e-e we found out the next morning that in moscow there is some kind of state of emergency that the soviet leader gorbachev was removed from power somewhere there, he was interned on the southern shore of the crimea in connection with some threatening state of health and so on and so on and that hmm remained clear the thing has forever remained like this is a chain of days. that is, august 18, the 19th, then a few days on the

train from zaporizhzhia back to lviv, and then another trip from lviv to frankivsk, and i was still away from home, that is, closer i was home on my way back from this trip to zaporozhye there were more signs of victory, that is, on the evening of august 20, it was already clear that this coup is choking and that ukraine is simply obliged to use this historic chance in the coming days, and thank god that our political leaders at that time, well, first of all, they are the most active deputies of this people's democratic minority, which in we were in the parliament. thank god that levko lukyanenko and dmytro pavlychko and

everyone else seized this opportunity and took advantage of it, and that happened. it seemed incredible and so it seemed . returning to the question of independence , do we always know why we are not dependent? that is, we have now realized how much it really is, how much it is, it is an incredibly great opportunity when a country is independent, when a country can develop and

at the same time does not leave the feeling that 30 years to a certain extent, maybe somewhere they were wasted. do you share this feeling and will it give us a certain impulse when this war is ended with a ukrainian victory? i don't think that er historians of the future will evaluate these 30 and now 31 years as uh, exclusively and exclusively a waste, that is, in my opinion, uh, everything developed. that's how and only how it could develop, we entered independence with a completely post-soviet society in which a certain time was needed, a certain adaptation to this very idea uh, and which today, well, actually already in the fourth decade of the year after the achievement of this

independence, in my opinion , the value of independence is much more clearly understood, but we definitely fell into a certain self-delusion when we decided that the soviet union collapsed it's peaceful and calm, and somehow, throughout the 90s, they didn't get tired of repeating that the very fact of this civilized divorce from the moscow center , eh, that this is a huge luck, that this is a huge historical success, that is, let's check it for a second, it seems he uses the term postponed war. i also use this term. it seemed to me that i also

came up with it somewhere. but if it sounds like mykola rybchuk's, then how is it possible that he got it from you ? i don't know exactly what to do with it. in any case it was definitely some kind of capital mistake when the leaders of the elite of our society decided that a civilized divorce happened once and for all and this is a settled matter and it is possible to develop with a large russian neighbor and some civilized beautiful good-neighborly relations is possible and that is the most serious loss of these years that we actually did not realize the russian threat, we did not realize that, well, that is, not everyone realized and

those on whom state decisions depended, they just realized to a lesser extent that russia would attack, that it would this is what she is preparing for, that she has been working tirelessly on this since august 24, 1991. what she only dreams about is to tear away piece by piece of territory from us in order to establish her own puppet governments in kyiv in order to keep us completely under control, and this is the fact that the leadership of ukraine mostly took this threat lightly and did not take it into account. demonstrate

your pro-westernism, er, scold the russians, and you and them for conflicts. while they were not yet so militarized and weak, spoil relations with them and build a stack only with the west, er, by all means making your way there in the structure, first of all to nato and so on and so on well, but i keep hope that it could not be the way i wanted it to be today, it could not be this rapid and such westernization of our country. but everything is forcing us to it. still, russia is taking away ukrainians taking away lives taking away housing houses destroying this uh-uh ukrainian uh-uh world well, that 's how it had to happen, the late oleksandr kryvenko

believes . to ostomize if you want to survive, but if to such processes, which today, without fear of any slurs, are openly called russification, should direcification take place, and is there also an anti-western moment ? uh, in your opinion, we haven't yet reached the solution, so to speak, we are in the middle of such a great political-military-military-political crime committed against us by the uh-state under the name of russia, accordingly, the escalation of

this crime on their part will cause a clearer and more radical understanding of it. do we need verusification or not? to the same extent. it all depends on what other atrocities the russians will have and how long. these atrocities will continue if, let's say, it becomes impossible and today russia suddenly announces that it will stop its aggression, withdraw its troops from ukraine and try to restore some kind of civilized good-neighborly relations with us. in russification will not work if russia, and i am inclined to think that this is a much more likely option if it will increase its aggressiveness

, its criminal potential, if it arranges for us a few more absolutely clear manifestations of genocide, and it will stand exceptionally one goal of the destruction of ukrainianness is definitely that de -russification is not just possible, it will become such an absolute prerequisite for our further historical survival. well, finally, i will ask what for you personally is the victory of ukraine in this war membership in the european union, ignore these two points, and they will mean, as it seems to me , territorial reconquests, yes

, that is, the return to those borders of 1991, from which independent ukraine began. thank you very much for this conversation with us was yuriy andruhovych and actually, we also congratulate everyone on the independence day of ukraine, which is approaching, eleven-year-old sasha marchenko, who disappeared at the beginning of march in mariupol, managed to find the boy, his uncle, who lives in the territory controlled by ukraine, the man told where is his nephew now and what horror

did the child have to go through? so sashko lived in mariupol with his mother, grandmother and grandfather. when the war started, they tried to evacuate, but unfortunately they did not manage to leave the city. sometime on the 22nd, they went up to the apartment in order to take some food and take some today uh, after that there was a whistling and a strong explosion, a crash , here is the actual photo of the house where sashko lived , the explosion was very powerful and then a big fire started, they all ran together to the uh balcony before that it started very quickly, the fire was very strong. he says that it just broke out at one moment and a very strong fire started. little sashko, his mother, grandmother and grandfather were trapped in a fire on the seventh floor of the house.

there was no way to go down the stairs, grandfather. he climbed over the railing of the balcony . outside in order to therefore help them go down, he jumped and he didn't make it and fell down, unfortunately, sasha's grandfather died. meanwhile, the fire was getting stronger, and in order to save the boy, mother and grandmother tied sheets and began to lower the child down, they were some kind of sheets. some sheets, uh, they tied them, tied sasha up and started and gave him a phone, a backpack and started to lower him down. sasha says that when he was still going down with us, his mother was svitlana and the grandmother had already begun to burn, the fire was very strong and they burned there. the boy was lowered from the 7th floor and on the 5th floor a neighbor

woman picked him up. she took sasha out into the street and already there they were stopped by the russian military. they went with her down the street , it was dark and they they were noticed by some patrol the russians, well, some patrol noticed them, picked them up from the street, put them on a small bus and took them to nova azov, nova azov, they got to the local police station, oleg was already able to talk to sashka via video link and make sure that the nephew is alive, now the man is trying restore the boy's documents remotely in order to try to get him to a safer territory, at the same time, mr. oleg says that sashko's experience, unfortunately, did not pass without a trace and affected his psychological state, the child in she became locked up. now he has some mental problems