mykhailo voivodin and serhiy shapovalov, well, now traditionally on thursdays we talk with an economic expert, an economist, the head of the institute of economic research, and igor brokovsky. opinions let's try to analyze in general the economic path of ukraine for 31 years, if we look purely at gdp per capita, have we reached the level of the ussr, because there have been many such publications in recent years that you can see even before we do not reach the soviet level in terms of gdp, if we speak formally, then we really reached the level of the soviet union. we even exceeded it. another

question is that such an excess could have been greater, and our gdp per capita dynamics may not be as high as we would like it to be. well, and now just a few numbers eh in 1991 eh would have had a domestic product eh per capita of about $1500 and eh in 2013 when we actually had a peak then we decreased a little due to various crises and e he exceeded somewhere around 4,000 dollars well, in this case i would say the actual at the actual prices because in this case we are talking about the fact that we formally came out and also came out in terms of parity in terms of purchasing power parity but there is always but because comparisons with the soviet union are not very correct the soviet union sold a lot of things, but at the same time ukraine had a deficit, today there is practically no deficit in ukraine, you can buy any product, and therefore, in principle, if we speak formally, the

high numbers of the soviet union do not mean anything at all started the appropriate welfare of its citizens, well, that was my next question, let's clarify if there is some kind of statistical game with these numbers, we understand that the population has also decreased in ukraine, that is, there are not as many of us as there were 52 million at the beginning of independence, uh, now according to different estimates. well, we remember the attempt to count ukrainians from dmytro to the ticket, he counted 37 or 38 million people there, respectively. gdp per capita is divided. did we live worse? there is, after all, the standard of living has changed, as you say, well , right away, i want to say that there are indeed several factors here, there are also statistical things . unfortunately, the factor of the decrease of the ukrainian population is taking place

, and of course it affects the indicators per capita on the other hand, too let's not forget that the gross domestic product of the soviet union in ukraine is a gross domestic product dominated by so-called intermediate products. that is, we produced a lot of goods that were used, say, in the same to the russian federation, that is, in fact, there were goods on the one hand, but these were all intermediate goods, well, relatively speaking, some of our wheels, some mountain ones, and so on, and so he formally gave, but the domestic product was very large. but nevertheless , he did not provide the third factor is the fact that in the former soviet union, although there were a lot of goods, but not all of them were available, an almost centralized distribution system was formed. well, it also means that such calculations are to a certain extent

conditional to a certain extent, although it is clear that it has a great impact when we say, you know, we produced there a ton of billions of kilometers of fabric, many, many other things, but in general, i think that still, still , the standard of living compared to the soviet union is e-e increased although it has changed in the soviet union - it is one way of life one way of production and a market economy absolutely different and very difficult to compare in terms of quality so we now see how russia is heading towards the soviet union we see how they are abandoning modern gadgets are actually under the influence of the sanctions under the influence of the sanctions they are again producing cars without airbags without automatic automatic transmissions and we understand that this is a completely different quality of life and that is, life has changed and the economy has changed if we look at the past here is

what for 31 years the main milestones of these changes, what is the main thing? well, maybe there are top three, top-5 events that radically changed our economic system from an administrative-command to a market economy, which it is now, what was the key, well, in general, we we can say that ukraine has built a market economy, so that there is talk, but it is clear that now the question is to increase its efficiency, we can talk a lot on this topic , but the key idea is that it is market institutions, it is competition, it is, in fact, a transition to a new quality and public administration and, of course, doing business , if we talk in general, if we talk about the main output, from my point of view, it is three, first of all, it is the introduction, it is the introduction of its own national currency, it is not a technical act, it says about the fact that the economy has changed

qualitatively and the quality management of this economy has changed, the second such milestone, i would call the introduction of markets in almost all areas of our life, starting with communal services and ending with traditional markets for consumer goods and not only consumer goods this is a different method of distribution and a different production in general, well, finally, the third is a milestone, i would call it a qualitative milestone, this is the opening of the ukrainian economy, integration into the world economy and, in fact, this is the first indicator of our integration from my point of view, ukraine's entry into the world trade organization was the result of three such qualitative changes, which from my point of view indicate that we have really changed and we are moving in line with global trends. i would like to illustrate these three changes with some concrete examples, for example, you say about the national monetary unit, respectively, if, at the beginning of ukraine's independence, we could

not manage our economy through sanitary methods, that is, our central bank had not yet been created, and in 90 in the 90th year, at least there it seems that in 1992 or 1993, they formalized it as an independent structure, and hmm. that is, we could manage the economy only through the budget, and reduce expenditures or increase budget expenditures, and only in this way influence the welfare of the population, and when the central government appeared bank, and when the main thing was the national currency, we were already able to regulate the economy with monetary methods, as now the central bank sets the discount rate, for example, or occupies government-style bonds and thus supports the budget. and what has changed for an ordinary person when she used the currency of the soviet model or the russian ruble for a while, and

now she uses her own currency. what does this mean for a person ? in a broad sense yes it has become more protected why because the emission center is now located directly in ukraine and the policy of the national bank is also aimed at curbing inflation and not ensuring certain macroeconomic stability and this is what we today we can directly influence influence through legislative bodies influence through well the whole system of representative democracy that we have built to this day as far as the soviet union is concerned, the situation here was such that we actually had to coordinate all our economic decisions with moscow indeed, at that time there was no such thing as the central bank of ukraine, the national bank of ukraine, and the ukrainian bank was very interestingly called the ukrainian republican office of the

state bank of the ussr with all the relevant the consequences are more than that in the nineties, i'm sorry that i 'm in, but i remembered a beautiful interview, it's on youtube, serhii ripka, he was then a well -known businessman, he headed the then privatbank in the 90s, and he gave an interview to the authority of a well-known russian journalist, there was such a program in the program " gzlad " and "peak time." time, which just announced its independence , to which mr. serhii replied that of course it is possible if the emission center will be in kyiv, that is, if kyiv will control the economy of such an association, it seems to me that the answer was very subtle, already hinting at the fact that russia should not dictate its economic conditions to us. so, i still want

to remind about the freedom of conducting business in the nineties , you could sit down for the fact that you conduct business, it was illegal. and in the late 80s, there were even executions for er speculation and er. and now, fortunately, we have economic freedoms er- what else has changed, mr. igor , for an ordinary person in economic terms, except assortment in the store and the fact that you can enter a business and use your own currency so that you note for yourself, i would note that the market economy and representative democracy that we have today in ukraine is a field of very wide opportunities and in this case, in fact, such opportunities in the soviet union, if compared with what we have today in ukraine , these opportunities exist both in terms of establishing a business and in terms of obtaining an education, this is very important in a market economy, in general, in any economy, it is very

it is also important that today we are building a new pension system despite all the problems that were not there. but nevertheless, so to speak , the reform was gradually implemented, it was stopped by the current situation and the war. but nevertheless, it is very important. we er, today we meet a lot of needs that could not be met in the soviet union, we are also talking about massive housing construction, this is very important, we are talking about a higher level of consumption. well, for example, the same cars in the soviet union it was distributed centrally by enterprises depending on where you worked, i.e. a school teacher could not apply for a car in the queue. it was very difficult, but representatives of other professions could do it perfectly, i.e. there are a lot of such changes that actually really shape a new quality of life. although on the other hand it is clear that the market economy has its own certain shortcomings, yes, there is also a

certain property stratification, it is there, we will not get anywhere, and the problem of poverty, which must be very actively fought today, and the need to respond to the new socio-economic challenges that the american union faced were not solved in kyiv, let's say, but were solved in moscow and in general it was an absolutely different time, and therefore in this case we are talking about the fact that precisely the morning economy is a necessary stage of the development of humanity and the development of ukrainian society which cannot be bypassed , which, despite all its problems, turned out to be more effective in terms of socio-economics than the planned economy or the centralized economy of the ussr, they are all very good that you you tell me, but you also mentioned poverty, and here i read a column written by the editor-in -chief of forbes ukraine, boris davydenko, where he analyzed his salary for the entire time of his career and saw that it fluctuated

along with the ukrainian economy, that is, when it was a crisis means a drop in wages and then a recovery and again a crisis in us all the time, we know about it hyperinflation, then a technical default, then something else is happening now, there is a war there, besides, a clip, that is, crises regularly occur in our lives, and this important features of the market economy. i don't know how continuous sustainable development is possible, but if we talk about savings, salaries, what should be a person's personal strategy in such conditions , how to protect oneself from crises, how to save one 's savings, let's give some more practical advice to our viewers eh, you know i honestly don't really like to give practical advice on how to help, i won't see any economists, you ask where to invest in dollars or gold and economists

say let's diversify everything no it's absolutely not you know that there are several such golden rules, but each rule is implemented directly by a person, depending on his capabilities. well, if we are talking about the purchase and sale of some assets, that is, the same gold, dollars, and so on, then it is simple, sell cheap, buy more expensive , that is, sell assets some are evaluated and directly buy assets whose value is the value of which is increasing you second rule this is of course about diversification well and the third rule is that you have to work for yourself work for yourself in the sense of preparing yourself for changes. that is, we will live economically well and the good will depend on how active we will be in looking for work in obtaining new qualifications and in the search for new opportunities in order to apply apply our knowledge. well, on today, because it is obvious that

the task is to preserve the state in order to simply survive in this war. well, i think that the post-war economic recovery will be a new chance for all of us to improve our well-being and in fact, to reach a new economic level, so i think that we all need to focus on this goal, that is, very briefly, yes or no. is it correct? i understand that the example of boris davydenko is suitable for him, and his salary fluctuates with the economy of ukraine, he is not indicative is some kind of personal case for other people , it is possible and there is a stable growth of their well-being. they somehow conduct their strategy in a different way. it is very difficult to be rich, well, in the average sense of such a word, yes, what in some average version and when economic crises occur.

unfortunately, economic fluctuations and economic crises are part of the morning economy, we will not get anywhere from this. and as for other factors, this directly the path that we choose, we may have periods when wages increase, we may have periods when wages wages decrease due to how we work, where we work how right we are have built their own economic strategy. the time of war is andrienitsy tv channel espresso watch us live on weekdays at eight o'clock and on weekdays at 11:00 p.m. in a repeat and also on youtube any time convenient for you together we will win watch this week in the program

collaborators, a list of werewolves in epaulets , some of the former law enforcement officers who swore allegiance to the occupiers do not become collaborators at the last moment, that is, they conduct some activity even before the sbu employee helped the enemy capture kherson and how our partisans drive the traitors crazy, i understand that this was a provocation against us werewolves in epaulettes once heard such a term. it usually referred to law enforcement officers who in their positions engaged in extortion rackets, worked for crime in the regions or even headed it during the war, this expression acquired a different meaning, much worse, if a lot is known about the collaborators from among politicians and officials, because they are public people , then what about the security forces who went over to the side of the enemy, everything is

under a veil of secrecy. but my colleagues and i worked well under the but another list for you collaborators, this time in pursuit of the invasion of the occupying forces, somewhere from underground, like those worms , many former employees of the ministry of internal affairs, pensioners, illustrated ukrainophobes, and just scoundrels who forgot their oath to the ukrainian of the people and went and where they went they ran to serve russia to the fascists under the guise of the people's militia and other pseudo-power structures, it was from such that the skeleton of the punitive departments formed by the occupiers was formed, they told us honestly in the movement that there is such a tendency, well, this indicates that, apparently, there is still not enough personnel among active law enforcement officers, retirees are also involved in the ministry of internal affairs, in particular, we have such cases on the part of law enforcement agencies, these people were

omitted somewhere at this point because they do not become collaborators at the last moment, that is, they conduct some kind of activity even before that. among them we can name volodymyr lapandin, ex-major general of the ukrainian militia, whose last position was the head of the main directorate of the ministry of internal affairs in the cherkasy region. police of the kherson region, a logical question arises: how did he end up in occupied kherson? according to my information, he is a lapandian - he lived in the crimea for the past few years, where he received a russian passport. where did he get it from ? they sent to restore order in kherson to recruit traitors to serve in the occupiers' militia, he is helped by volodymyr bodryshev, an ex-employee of the militia in the kherson region, resigned in 2016 and went to work related to the ex-gogulayiter volodymyr saldo,

after the occupation of the region, saldo's collaborator found a place among the traitors for an old friend, by appointing bobryshev as the head of the personnel support department of the ministry of internal affairs of the occupation authorities, in short, his duties include agitation and even coercion of former law enforcement officers to work for the occupiers. whom to agitate for sure ? it was gennady harkusha. he was entrusted with the position of berkut battalion commander. harkusha worked in the ranks of the ministry of internal affairs since 2004. at first, he went on foot patrols . do you remember how they were known as ppsniks? they were known for collecting 10-20 uah from children. who smoke so as not to tell their mother, doris harkusha, until the senior resistance commissioner, participated in the peacekeeping mission in africa, later transferred to the special purpose police company, which was created on the basis of the same former berkut that won of the rotten glory of dispersals and codings on the maidan, harkusha is similar to the taste of bullying and the style of work of the

berkut once led a battalion that adopted the worst inhuman traditions, their main task is to ensure order, more precisely what is order in the imagination of the invaders, to disperse the ukrainian rally, they are in the first ranks together with the buryat kadyrovs and other fall down and if you need to find the skinniest ukrainians in kherson, maksym trubaev takes up the case, according to the sbu. he headed the criminal investigation department of the police in the kherson region. we they called maksym trubaev and asked him how it was to work for the occupiers maksym good day, good yevhen miklushko my name is a journalist of the espresso tv channel, the other day the security service of ukraine announced that you headed the criminal investigation department of the police in the kherson region. please tell me if this information is true, you are a former police officer ukraine, as i understand that now you are

not in the service of the police of ukraine, may the sun of ukraine!". what time is 11 tomorrow if it is not difficult for you to get all the good stuff. as you could already guess the next day, the call did not go through, the trumpeters did not pick up the phone from the journalists, and in the end, the promised and long-awaited meeting in kyiv did not take place. they are probably afraid of a warm meeting from the security forces of ukraine. smaller positions in the anti-people's

militia went to yevhen stasenko, rostislav malinovsky, kyril gorelov, yevgeny velikoselskyi , maksym horny and serhiy odytsia. the photo was found by my colleagues from sledstvo.info and the kremlin appointed the pseudo-mayor of occupied kherson, a former employee of the sbu, oleksandr kompets, and led the entrance parade of traitors in uniform lieutenant colonel ihor sadokhin, the head of the anti-terrorist center of the sbu in the kherson region at the time, was arrested in early march in chernivtsi. now the investigation proves that it was sadokhin who was the gunner of enemy aircraft in the first days of the invasion and handed over a minefield net to the orc. and how many more of them still wear the uniform of the ukrainian police or even have sbu ids, have information, maybe even pass it on and rub their hands waiting for an invasion liberators, such cases appear quite

massively, criminal proceedings are opened, but these persons are simply not advertised, so i think that over time we will have quite a lot of information , even from those territories that will be occupied and on these cases that are currently open, that is, the process is ongoing so far we do not see any real verdicts in the courts, but the pre-trial investigation is indeed being conducted, if we find more traitors among our own , then your occupiers will receive information. the partially occupied zaporizhzhia region also has they sent their traitors and more experienced collaborators from luhansk oblast to manage them. maksym obukhov was appointed chief of the militia and zaporizhzhia oblast. before that, he was the deputy prosecutor general of the terrorist

lpr . militants and became a member of the donbass militia after the occupation of part of the zaporizhzhia region, this year he moved to melitopol, where it turned out that he was a pedophile by force kept a minor girl in his apartment, and this did not prevent him from taking the post of deputy head of the main department of the ministry of internal affairs in the zaporizhzhia region. the other day it became known that he was detained by the occupiers themselves. the people's militia handed out to local collaborators of the racketeer's wallet, the eccentric, the eagle mikheev's alipov mitlenka and the shopov, all of them were declared suspicious of the evidence of their criminal activity for more than enough mykhailo avsievich became a collaborator back in 2016, when the liberators of the autonomous soviet socialist republic appointed him

prosecutor of the city of krasnyi luch, that in luhansk region the functional duties of a traitor are very simple , laying flowers on all soviet holidays , documenting the so-called offenses against the ukrainian element and suppressing all attempts to remove the occupying power in fear of the residents of krasny luch and everyone is helping yevich, including several traitors, in particular oleksandr yemelyanov , named as the head of the investigative department of the police of the city of krasny luch, for god's sake, they are in this video they look as if they spent the last few years drinking somewhere with a severe hangover, they came to investigate sabotage, why did the slab on the monument to heroes of the great patriotic war in lenin park fall off? we will fight legally and legally and put everything on our hands for 6 years, the case was not disclosed

this year after the occupation of many settlements in luhansk region, several dozen active employees the police swore an oath of loyalty to the people's republic of china from these photos alone, it is possible to identify 20-30 collaborators from the markiv district, among them ivan bilansky oleksandr kovgan ivan andronov darya krivotustova serhiy bilash denys baran oleksandr kulish inna bolotska vitaly and yana lysaki chose a symbolic date for such an action of the national police of ukraine and immediately these werewolves earned themselves an article for treason, and this video from occupied mariupol is probably the most disgraceful of all that i saw during the preparation of programs about dozens of collaborators, police officers, dressed in military uniforms with white ribbons, or simply in civilian clothes, went to register for police service with the

occupiers . not to their own people, not to their own country. and for the foreigners who came to kill, it is simply disgusting, but it is gratifying that this video was put on the network without brains and our special services will be able to identify all the traitors after the deoccupation. i will say that they traded in the bazaar or sat in the basements, they were collaborators from miklushka's list, we will see each other in exactly a week, but if there are traitors in your region, don't waste time, write to me on this e-mail or simply on facebook , let's make the scoundrels famous together so that this scum doesn't have a chance for rehabilitation after our great victory death to the enemies so that ukrainians do not think about so that they do not speak first place still

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watching, i welcome the program of the ukrainian voice of america to the air time and i and the presenter ostap yarysh president biden held a telephone conversation with volodymyr zelenskyi on the occasion of the 31st anniversary of ukrainian independence. i know that this anniversary has a bitter aftertaste, but it is clear that the united states will continue to support ukraine and its people in the struggle for the protection of its sovereignty, said the american the president after the conversation, as volodymyr zelensky wrote on twitter, during the call, the leaders also discussed the ways to victory and the importance