those questions that are, in my opinion, quite important in our interactive dialogue with you. and now our news service is ready for work, which receives you about the news of this hour of the day. i will give the floor to my colleague irina koval so that she can acquaint you with all these news, please, but i will tell you about the situation in ukraine and the world literally in a moment, the 18th in ukraine news time on the espresso tv channel i greet the viewers in the iryna koval studio, the occupiers shelled shevchenkiv in the mykolaiv region in the morning, as a result of which a private residential building caught fire, the state emergency service of the mykolaiv oblast reports that more than 70 square meters were engulfed in flames, there is currently no information about the dead or injured, and in the kherson oblast, the occupiers

promise to pay parents 10,000 rubles if they send their children to one of the captured schools. the head of the regional military administration, yaroslav yanushevich, instead, for refusing to send their children to study under russian programs, the invaders threaten parents with fines, confiscation of property and deprivation of parental rights, in addition, the russian army plans to install so-called paramilitary security in all schools, ukrainian artillerymen hit three russian control points in kherson and the volunteers informed the operational command of the south, our defenders also hit ammunition depots in lyubimovka and kherson, as a result of which 11 rocket launchers were eliminated, three units armored vehicles and the emsta-s self-propelled howitzer, in addition to the destruction of cities and the crossing of

ingulets, they do not function and are under the fire control of the ukrainian military during the execution of combat tasks may be accompanied by appropriate sound effects, remember that this is a sign that you are under the protection of the armed forces of ukraine and other defense forces, and not a reason for panic or spread of information, given the existing threats and the likely activation of enemy aviation, be alert and focused follow security algorithms, trust only reliable official sources of information, the russians may refuse to hold a show trial of ukrainian prisoners of war, suggests the councilor of the city the head of mariupol, petru andryushchenko, according to him, at the end of the week, the occupiers removed the security and returned the technical staff to work in the philharmonic, currently there are no active actions regarding the preparation of the so-called tribunal, the

invaders were forced to take such an operational pause, in particular, public pressure, the international reaction and the unequivocal position of the leadership of ukraine, says andryushchenko in black packets 250 russians are returning home and in general, since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, our defenders have cleared the land of 46,000,750 attackers destroying ukrainian military and equipment attackers were added to the scrap metal, three more tanks, three armored combat vehicles, six vehicles and five artillery systems of the invaders, in addition, two drones of the attackers will no longer fly into the sky, the general staff clarifies the data, but the enemy suffered the largest losses during the day in the donetsk direction, the war in ukraine may drag on hands, and the truce depends on putin, the german foreign minister said

. and on lena berg, the russian government is not moving away from the idea of ​​fixing ukraine and its residents, therefore, it is useless to hope for a truce - said the official and added that germany will do everything to ensure that the kremlin soldiers do not win. at the same time, the head of the country's foreign policy department insists that the full-scale invasion of russia into ukraine is, quote, putin's war , because he does not rule democratically for a day in 11 ships passed in the direction of the ukrainian danube ports, the ships collectively transported 45,000 tons of grain, this is a record indicator of the first full-scale invasion of russia, the ministry reported of infrastructure since march, it was possible to transfer a total of over 4 million tons of grain through the danube ports. currently, this is more than all other modes of

transport, the department noted. moreover, according to the minister of infrastructure oleksandr kubrakov, it is possible to increase the capacity to 25 million tons of cargo per year, subject to investments and implementation of the program with modernization of ports on the danube, help from children in lviv oblast, a 9-year-old girl sold her toys to help the armed forces of ukraine, young patriots managed to collect more than 2,000 hryvnias diana decided to help the armed forces when she saw that other children again in yavorivska are organizing fairs the girl's uncle is now at war cotton baby in the ministry of defense of ukraine showed the reasons for the explosions at the occupiers meet - this is an animated animal-ghost cotton baby is a fluffy and restless baby who imperceptibly visits bases, warehouses

, airfields, oil refineries and other places where there are invaders and they are playing with fire. and in poland , a campus has started, this is a week-long event for active youth conceived by polish politicians as an intellectual platform is one of the key topics this year, the war in ukraine has joined the discussion on ukrainian-polish relations, and our parliamentarians will tell more. maria chernyakhivska ukraine should become a member of the european union and nato and unite with poland in a bloc. such a vision of ukrainian prospects was voiced to the young generation. ukrainian politicians as a leader poland should be in the region, and poland, ukraine and lithuania should be the largest bloc of the european union, for this, obviously, ukraine should also change very much , our legislation should change, we we must finally start making the reforms they

talked about. well, ukraine must win the war, for that we really need the support of the poles at all levels. mp iryna gerashchenko told a student about how the russian invaders are destroying, in particular, educational institutions. i am on this wonderful campus and with my eyes and kharkiv are student cities, where universities are replaced by age-old sinkholes, there are no campuses, russia, where does it come from, first of all, it destroys science, destroys education, killing the future as well the deputy explained to the listeners why it is important for european countries to support ukraine this winter , because putin's strategy is for europe to get tired of the war in ukraine, particularly because of energy prices, so it is also important for the world to give up part of its comfort in order for ukraine and the whole world to survive and in on this issue, poland, which is also a part of the european union, we

expect that it will convey this position that there should be a complete embargo on the russian energy carrier . the european union should deprive russians of the possibility of free travel abroad. polish politicians support the european aspirations of ukraine. poles are convinced that reforms should not be postponed until later. despite the war, it is necessary to rebuild the institutions of a strong government and the state, there is no need to wait and for this we need to involve european countries and

we need to put pressure on the european union and which can be integrated into the european union faster in ukraine, in particular, we need to adopt the experience of poland regarding decentralization and integration into the european family and to honestly reform and rebuild the state maria chernyakhivska ihor antonyuk for the espresso tv channel from poland ukraine is united within the framework of the artistic action, the left and right banks were united dnipro used a 430 m long flag for this according to the organizers - it symbolizes the unity of the ukrainian people in the struggle for independence and demonstrates that the territory of ukraine is indivisible and untouchable and kherson - mariupol donetsk luhansk crimea is ukraine among the participants people who were forced to leave their hometowns because of that that they were captured by the russians, all of them and those who remained in the temporarily occupied territories are waiting for when they can freely unfurl the ukrainian flag in their cities. we are also waiting for victory and

she will definitely be behind us because we are a strong and freedom- loving people and there is more news. read a brief summary of the main points on our espresso tv website on the espresso tv news telegram channel and the most interesting information on the espresso tv youtube channel and wait for the updated news release. at 7:00 p.m. , watch espresso news and euroespresso programs for ukrainian refugees in europe broadcast on our channel, a joint broadcast with the atf channel, radio svoboda programs, voice of america time-time programs, inclusion of public television journalists, news releases bbc news ukraine and france 24, as well as the broadcast of the information marathon, the only news, together we are the strength,

glory to ukraine, dear ukraine, you know that in us everything will be as we want it, together, everything will be everywhere, everything will work everything will be blue and yellow everything will be and everyone our ukraine will be at home, you will bloom and smile again, everything will be equal, everything will be independence with a holiday like never before in the cockpits of airplanes behind the monitors of radar stations at the control points of anti-aircraft missile systems at 1,000 combat positions throughout the territories of our state, they bring victory closer every day. glory to the air forces of the armed forces of

ukraine . eight presenters espresso journalists experts opinion leaders in real time about the most relevant events through the prism of war every day author's projects naisspresso more than 100 talented sportsmen and sportswomen more than 100 famous ukrainian men and women had their lives taken away by russia, we will not forgive, we honor each and

every one, we win for the sake of your memory, angels of sports, angels of ukraine, we continue the broadcast on the espresso tv channel with you vitaly portikov, i will remind you that at the end of this hour, if we have time, we will hold an interactive question-answer session, however if of course you will ask these questions on the pages of the espresso tv channel on youtube and on facebook. so please ask these questions, go to our pages, ask and we will try to answer and now our guest yaroslav hrytsak is a historian and publicist, a professor of the ukrainian catholic university, and we will talk with him. congratulations, mr. yaroslav. congratulations, glory to ukraine. glory to the heroes. we will talk about how the war changed ukrainian society, but let's start with you, mr.

yaroslav, how did this war change you? what you overestimated, maybe you were wrong about something, maybe on the contrary, you were convinced of the correctness of your thoughts and ideas . what happened to you during these six months, about the fact that the war was for a long time, this one wrote in the 14th year had nothing to do with it doubt at the beginning of march, he said that this war too, this stage of the war is already hot, it will last a very long time, i equally hoped that the war would reach such a scale. he tells ukrainians to the world, but there is a strong feeling that he is doing not enough, what is happening in your opinion, society , our society, a different society happened in us for the first time, the first time, the phenomenon is important in us, the first society trusts the state, ours has never been like this before it was, well, besides, it is very important that i do

not say that it is an extraordinary level of optimism, but a positive attitude towards what is happening around you, you know, the population during a war, a heavy war, when there are victims, believes in victory because they believe in victory, but they believe that everything is happening in in a good direction, you know, this is something almost unique. i don't know of other countries that behaved like ukraine during the war. you can say that this is the construction of the ukrainian political nation, which began in 2000 and was quite as complex as the construction is it a process because the citizens still adhered to various problems of ideas about the future of the country that this construction is continuing now during the war and how, in your opinion, is it different from the pre-war construction ? well, you see, vitaliy, i have a thesis here that the nation appeared earlier, back in the 90s, it didn't exist because many events show it, and especially it appeared in 2014, it's just that the war - it was all identified and made much more distinct. and that

's what is most important to me, you know. i think that in years independence, especially in the ten years before and after the euromaidan maidan, we developed a very strong lviv-kyiv axis. dnipro will be a question for me. and i also had a question about whether this axis can be extended to kharkiv and odesa. now i already have it. well, it is him do you already think that the mood of people in kharkiv is the same now? i don’t tell him about the dnipro and the mood in kyiv or lviv. i don’t say what exactly. korea or russia, where as we know, it's all the same typically it is about the fact that the majority is more important , who is more important than the consensual majority of the functional majority now, in my opinion, it is clearly on the side on the dnipro side of kyiv and lviv. of course , this is not the same situation as in lviv, this is the situation in kyiv . i think that the biggest change is what it happened in the 10s that now vyky is present in the twin cities,

they are politically different, do you think even kyiv of certain members is more radical than lviv. but i think you know the situation in the dnipro very well. the dnipro is quite a reliable city, let's say it's like this, and it's relatively like that. kharkiv and odesa had doubts. now i think there are no such doubts. i think that putin is doing. minority please tell me , mr. yaroslav, if you imagine society after the war, to what extent do you think it will differ from what the situation looks like today, and i will draw a parallel, probably and it is parallel. i think it can you will convince my hope that this is israel until the

year 67 after the seventh year before this six-day war after the war a war that was similar because israel was a small state fought fought ridiculously the opponent he won what does this mean the so-called ethno-nationalization of israel began and became more and more ethnic ethnic monolithic state of the same age, in particular the ideology of this and that, i assume that this is an inevitable effect of the war that something like this can happen to ukraine and is already happening because we see that the scope of military use will change of the russian language, how it is broadcasted, russian culture, what renaming is being done in ukraine, i think this process has started, i don’t know how far it will go, he said that ’s all, i don’t think that this prompt will be automatic, i really want victory like all ukrainians, or most ukrainians, you and i, but i i will say right away that i am a little afraid of this victory, because i see certain threatening things, say this in principle, you and i know very well that ukraine before this war, and

especially in 2014, was in the european mind . the country is not all of them either, even i would be very careful about the romanian, i would say hungary that ukraine practically did not exist in the european consciousness, you can say that it exists now and it is also very important that it will exist. to see kill and pay the price for this consciousness, because of course there will be a price, it will be the price for russian gas or for its absence, rather, there will be some kind of economic destabilization , what kind of substance? the west and europe, look at what i don't have before, for me the example of germany showed me the most , because if we didn't talk about the key position of the european university of germany as the largest state as an economic engine as a significantly politically dominant power and despite the fact that germany is changing slowly but not quite radically, this is not the same

germany when it is all about ukraine or the attitude towards ukraine, it is based on the data of germany that was before and germany when on february 24 and one march seam in favor of ukraine, the question of whether leader, if we use this, which of our equals will use this? well, that's a good question. we'll use your opinion . post-war ukrainian society will perceive itself, and there are already many options here. it's true that you and i don't know exactly how this war will end, we don't we know and you know i will give an example from history why i am afraid of this one we remember one you once at the beginning of the war talked about taxes among other things the soviet war so i think the analogy is good and we can continue further because it war, she says, between citizens and subjects , citizens will always be better than subjects, and here the first such association or analogy is the war between the persians and the greeks, the persians and the greeks, the greeks, a small tribe whose free citizens defeated the great

empire of the first, but what we forget that several decades after that a criminal war began and this war tore this greece apart, you know. in other words , this sense of victory does not somehow guarantee us stability, but i believe that this may be a key question for me . is there a key question in ukraine will there be an er during venus, or maybe after the war some kind of alternative good pro-european democratic party, some certain reforms somewhere that can make a healthy alternative to zelensky , i am not saying that they zelensky is bad or good i don’t want to go there i am afraid that we already have certain threats i zelena would say so to authoritarianism, because we see how zelensky is using his e-e for himself, the popularity of the service, there is no doubt that together with those zelensky, the team is gathering more and more power from itself, even with the fact that espresso operates outside of this system of the news marathon , it still shows that if we do not have counterbalances in power, if we have two competing parties and real parties, then i think

that we will have serious problems after the war, well , you draw analogies between greece peppers and i see more analogues in irish history, the irish won their independence through a hard struggle with great britain and i am now a successful state, there are many, it is not exactly to finish the analogy , the problem is if i mean it, but they are without part of its historical territory, it is part of the united kingdom and most importantly, they are without two thirds of their own population, the majority of irish people live outside the borders of ireland, and on st. patrick's day, i think that in ukraine they do not even imagine the prime minister of ireland, all members of the irish government they leave ireland for the main holiday, so if we had president zelensky on august 24, he would go to the united states or poland, the prime minister is going, you understand, than in ireland 100 people know what i see

because i have seen without prior the most, the most, the most unusual, er, reading, st. patrick's march - it's in new york. so, this is a huge cathedral , you know, what is the largest catholic cathedral - it's actually that patrick's, but i have a slightly different analogy here, because i understand yours logic, because here it goes, you know, after all, from two sides, these were not subjected to citizens, that is, people who will be more conscious exercises and fought for these rules, the question is still not to compare him with the first one from the soviet union or something else, i think that if you continue this analogy of yours then i thought that here more i would still turn to the finnish soviet war about the fact that we do not fully say that athens lost the war and did not have to give up its territories, the territories were quite significant, it was a painful injury, but having these less reduced, reduced to finland, they were able to make successful reforms in a few dozen years and become one of the most successful states in europe, and we

can see it now. that is, i do not rule out such an option, of course, i see that it is written in ukraine that until then ukrainians want the entire territory with the rest zelenskyy says about this but if we had we must be realistic, we cannot, we cannot include such an option or it will end with the fact that some part of the territory of ukraine will be outside the ukrainian borders, but if this happened, we would miss out on the worse options, it still does not cancel it, on the contrary - this reinforces the need for strong radical political and economic reforms that could transform ukraine, i would say the central-pei tiger, something is wrong with south korea or the same with finland, you will allow me to disagree with your analogy wording as a generous person, i will explain why finland really lost a large part of the territory in favor of the soviet union and the cities of the electorate of karelia - this is a fact, but they lost them when in berlin they were told that you can give your territory, because after a certain time we will fight for by russia, and by the way, these were the very

territories where the outposts of the minsk armed forces were located after he gave them to the russians , the way to helsinki was open and that is why stalin created the cyrillic-finnish ssr because he thought that in finland he was in his pocket, just in a couple of years he would return for his well, he started with latvia, lithuania, estonia, but finland was supposed to be next, just then there was the second world war, then the finnish troops took away these territories that they gave and even a large territory of the of the soviet union throughout karelia, then they ensured the blockade of leningrad, the allies really wanted them to break the union with germany, and in the end finland received a security guarantee from moscow and london, and there and therefore received its independence let the people in these e borders e-e the first soviet-finnish war and not the second, but imagine that there would be no world war ii, wherever this finland would be, it would long ago have been a soviet

republic, what latvia or estonia do you understand, it simply would not have been there. historians do not like to compare well, that is, they tempt you they like to compare but everyone compares they say a warning and where these comparisons do not work because no comparison can be good she has her rights almost disadvantages you are them now they said that it wasn't about the positive sides, er, in comparison, we can now compare about the things that don't work, let's hope that after the end of the war, stalin remained in power and will remain one of those who dictated the borders, it was yalta. that is, we cannot imagine in that situation any further if they are, by analogy, they find out for themselves that after the victory of ukraine, we hope for it, we count on it, we work. putin will remain in power, that is, these are the options putin seems to be in power a and this is the first option, and the second is that putin dictates new ones border actually, this calculation, then the new yalta , which did not happen, so i think that it is not about

that, you know, the repetition is exactly one to 1 scenario. and where is this a more general principle, in my opinion, that ukraine may become smaller, again, i am not saying this i leave out the option, but for any moralist , a worse option can happen, but this does not negate the need for the transformation of ukraine. for me, the key condition of this transformation is what is very new, what can be said about it separately, it did not happen that way changes in ukraine, changes in ukraine and two important ones things first of all, first of all, first of all, for its history, to create its own history, the ukrainian competition has the support of the event, this was not the case before, if you count the event, it is obvious that the country is, relatively speaking , the entente countries or an ally, with the exception of germany, but these are different stories, and the second is a very important thing - ukraine i got the perspective of the marshal plan, this is for me a key condition for this success, whatever the configuration of ukraine, but the existence of this plan of a marshal or a girl marshal gives er increases the chances of success because we must understand and remember that europe would never have become the way

it has become if it were not for this plan of the march, this is one thing, and secondly, the marshall plan was not only a framework for economic matters, but also had a political component, it was about saving the west from the threat of communism because at that time, they thought that it was said that the time when soviet tanks would enter paris and the red flag would freeze on the defells was considered only a matter of time, as well as this, and i have a very high hope that the economic aid that he sees in ukraine will be 20 on certain political conditions and these political conditions, it will be the implementation of further reforms, in particular the reform of the court, so for me it is key for the economic, political, and economic development of ukraine. it's logical, but it's simple. i'm sorry, the passport is very simple - it's a matter of history, either modernize or perish, this is a simple principle. the choice is very small, but there is

another question. when you say that ukraine can there be less or more, you mean at the same time you imagine that putin will sit down with someone at the negotiating table like stalin and say, you know, give me this and i will then leave ukraine in the how will it then become less? i don't care if you listen to me. i can imagine such a situation that putin, after the end of the war, will be sitting somewhere at a table, speaking directly and even more . wars are a collection of putin's regime, which i believe will no longer exist. and if it does, then it will be in such a state that he will be able to dictate nothing to this calculation of the west, because at the expense of the west, he will bring russia to collapse, because this is the logic of this war, he is not exhausted it seems to me. tell me how ready russia is for collapse. if you want, it does not yet look like a country prone to collapse. it looks like a country

. you go to bed in the morning you sit and he registers it this collapse is logic or strategy i advise you to bring russia to collapse didn't russia or germany lose the war when it collapses what are you talking about 16-17 years of the 20th century well, in fact, russia is also there germany was at various points on the way to losing the first world war. i am talking about russian collections when i am talking about the collapse of russian tsarism. the february revolution or bereznev is one of those questions, because it seemed that you knew everything. a great empire, but the regime is very strong, but i am also talking about the collapse of the german german empire in november 18, when it simply collapsed within a few days, an empire that almost won the war, but the hungry blounts plus b plus