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heroes welcome to the espresso channel, today we will talk about artillery, more precisely about how the armed forces of ukraine use the best foreign samples of artillery against the enemy weapons what does our acquired combat experience show, why artillery can be considered the main weapon of victory in view of the number of losses that have already been inflicted on the aggressor and why we still need more and more artillery, we will talk about all this with our expert guests, my name is serhii sgorets i am the director of the information consulting company defense express. my interlocutors today are oleg kadkov, a military expert and editor-in-chief of the defect express agency. analytics is now a serviceman of the special operations forces of the armed forces of ukraine vyacheslav i am glad to see you good day and the first

question is actually for you vyacheslav whether you are actually true to the thesis that in the development and use of artillery of nato countries from the usa on the one hand and the soviet union and the russian federation, on the other hand, used completely different approaches to artillery. they made different bets on this segment of the armament. if we put it simply, then you can say there , uh, the adversaries confessed that the effectiveness, accuracy works on preemption and the russian federation, the cherliansky union, the strategy of such a barrage of fire in order to destroy everything in a row, regardless of the number of ammunition than the accuracy of the hit, are such assessments correct in the approach of the concept in a certain way, yes, that is, if the nato artillery there prevails in quality over quantity, then the soviet concept is quantity over quality well, it cannot be said that russian artillery systems, well, at least

, for example, staes and its modernized versions, they are completely archaic, but if you compare, for example with the german panzerhaus, of course, it is artillery, well , let's say something like this, of different generations, that is, it would really be fair to say that the soviet approach is the number of artillery and the number of shells per hectare of the enemy's position, while the nato approach is the largest coefficient of effectiveness from each shell based on this, how can one assess the actual strategy of the russian federation for the use of artillery in hostilities on the territory of ukraine, because it is believed that the russian army is the army that is most saturated with artillery in compared to any other countries so how does the aggressor act on the territory of ukraine during the first stage of hostilities in the second, how does he act now precisely through the

prism of the use of artillery, yes, and in order to simply understand what numbers we are talking about, that is, from there in the military the balance of which well allows you to estimate the number of enemy artillery as of 21 and wrote out the numbers a-a in the formation of e-e in general of all the armed forces of the reef, that is, the ground forces there, the landing forces in the marines, the marines, there were self-propelled artillery installations 203 units of towed artillery 2433 e-e rocket salvo fire system 1 143 - this is taken into account and excluded starting with a caliber of 122 mm without taking into account mortars which also a significant number of the rif army exists at the same time e-e to understand simply the size of the composition because the composition of the system that is located on the so-called storage. these are absolutely maximum numbers, they simply do not correspond to,

let's say, the real capabilities of the russian defense-industrial complex to put these means of destruction in the strya, but also just for understanding what is the size of the enemy's artillery system in the warehouses, oriented system, self-propelled artillery systems, 4,260 artillery pieces, 12.5 thousand, this is just a huge number, and there is just a really huge number of communities, for example, where there are 20 reserves and 3,120 of this volley fire power plant of different calibers, that is, there are hurricanes , and first of all, we will be talking about self-defeats , that is, what is the other aspect of the soviet army, that is, the greek army, in my opinion , switched to soviet tactics of application as quickly as possible artillery, that is, not having high-precision projectiles, having enough well, perhaps the

ability to create reconnaissance strike complexes is limited to a certain extent due to the complex arrangement of the management of artillery units. that is, there are certain difficulties, but they excluded them, they compensate precisely with a huge number of art systems that can work well, without such natural limitation in projectiles because the amount of ammunition left in the warehouses of the russian army well, it is simply astronomical. that is, there is no such condition that these projectiles may run out in the near future . it seems so to me, and that is why the only option is to really destroy the logistics and ensure that the enemy simply does not have to bring in these ammunition that will fly, and we are talking about the fact that, well, in general, messages excellent defense e- e enemy can intensify artillery fire in the

amount of up to 60 shells per day. that is, it is simply an astronomical number that really approaches the parameters of both the first world war and the second world war in principle. well, when we say 60 shells per day where it is somewhere around half 60,000 per product somewhere around one and a half there 1700 million projectiles eh 1.7 million somewhere on a month in fact such a lava fire is used by the enemy vyacheslav what are the main types of weapons the enemies have now if we are talking about tracks about there are 152 or more because our further conversation will be about the large-caliber self-propelled howitzers that the enemy currently has in this segment, what are their main indicators in terms of range of power, the main self-propelled gun in the russian federation is now the s bridge, but hmm a significant part of the artillery divisions of motorized rifle and tank units are still

armed with the more outdated self-propelled gun 2s3 acacia. that is, somewhere around 50 to 50. this is if we are talking about the stas self-propelled artillery. it went through several stages of modernization. again, not all guns are modernized. that is, in recent years, there is also a towed version - this is a 2a 65 m stav, in addition, soviet hyacinth guns, hyacinth, ts2a-36 and hyacinth s2s5, these guns shoot farther than the cities of s, but for example the self-propelled version does not have an armored turret, and the hyacinths have a very small barrel resource, that is, due to the fact that these were still soviet guns, it is difficult to say what residual resource they have

left. of course, you can remove them from one gun and replace it with another in warehouses but the first is not a small resource of the barrel and the second is specific projectiles that are not unified from the city and the city would not allow the russians to use these guns well, it is already active, for example, there is sms-v, in addition, even gentlemen use it two s7 and 2.7m ion and mavka - these are 2003 mm - heavy guns, it was such a superior soviet atomic artillery, the task of firing atomic ammunition at a long distance is due to the fact that it was atomic artillery they have a very small barrel resource there if i'm not mistaken, 400-450 shots. that 's a small amount, because the distance is long for an atomic munition - it's not of little

fundamental importance, but in our case, i know one object that these pions are shelling here, they have already dropped a huge the number of shells there they hit a bunch of civilian buildings, but they still haven't hit their target because the range is small , the rate of fire is small and the barrel resource is small, they should already be sufficiently worn out, well , this is what concerns long-range e russian artillery, well, that is, if we are talking about ranges in order to remember through a prism evaluation of the submission of foreign samples, then stas - this is relatively speaking, 25-30 km there, and the peony is about 47 km, the hyacinth is 37 km. that is, we can say that this is a limited number of peonies - this is the only long-distance means 47 km, and the rest - up to 30, somewhere around that, oleg. please tell me, when we are still talking about the first and second stages of the war, the logistics command of the ground forces announced

the loss of our artillery there, if i am not mistaken. it was said that our losses amount to about 700 art systems and this, as i understand it , forms an urgent need to replace the lost samples and to replace the soviet equipment, which today already has an exhaustive resource when we talk about soviet samples and this was the first to reach us it is the m-3 simka howitzers that actually began to change this disparity, probably in our favor. in short, what are the features of these m-3 simka howitzers, from which we will start the analysis of other samples of foreign equipment? and because of the fact that you do not want any ammunition , that is, the number of outfits that were in ukraine in warehouses as of february 24, for understanding

, already at the stage above june, it turned out that less artillery ammunition of 155 mm was transferred, and this does not mean about the fact that we are actually issued with a huge amount of 150 sub-millimeter ammunition, this is what poroshenko says in turn about the insufficient amount of soviet ammunition, which was the reason for this lack of both our own production and constant over the years just explosions at artillery warehouses when we received m3-7s and now we are talking about more than 130 artel systems of the male e-e m-3 sevens of the so-called, which is transferred to the usa, australia, canada and other countries. well, it is necessary to remember that, first of all, this is the main parameter - it is a barrel with a length of nine calibers, namely, the length of the barrel and depends on long-range firing, which will set a conventional projectile at 24 km, approximately somewhere up to this number, and

an actively reactive projectile up to 30 km, at the same time, when we are generally talking about western artillery with a 155 mm caliber, we must remember that a-a simply banal, a 155 mm projectile is 10% larger than a soviet 1500 mm projectile, moreover, modern american projectiles, for example, contain twice as much explosive material, that is, the striking ability of a western-style projectile is simply much greater than in any that's right. somewhere two millimeter, another aspect in accuracy is in the bass. that is, we use absolutely or with a minimum range of guns, which, er, have much better characteristics in terms of accuracy and reliability. if we compare them with soviet systems, especially the topics that we to these were in service with the armed forces of ukraine, that is, it has already been well over 30 years, in principle

, that is, if we received m-37s, which is the most modern trailer-mounted combat vehicle in the world, and it is made of titanium alloys with electronic systems. it is simply considered one of the best because it is extremely light mobile and has exceptional accuracy, then compare it abstractly with conventionally i don’t know there with d-20 just well, it makes no sense because that’s all it is, to compare the weapons of the 50s, how is it actually and 21 vyacheslav's century, we are talking about about three sevens actually. to be honest, i did not expect that we are getting these are the guns we think we are getting. you can hear that we lack all artillery does this mean exactly? that is why he says that we received 200 there, and the bcm-37s lost 700 systems there, and does this not mean that we can

still make sense to think in this sense when we talk about this segment of towed howitzers and about increasing the number and even returning to the m198 howitzer is such a step advisable? first m1 198 the united states has enough of them are stored in warehouses and theoretically the united states can easily transfer them to ukraine, that is, there is such a possibility, but there are several points , first of all, these are already used howitzers, and we do not know their technical condition. that is, what is the residual re word, and yes further, and secondly, these howitzers are heavier, and then their mobility. and we have m-3 sevens, they maneuver on dirt roads

, they are transported by tractors, they are skidded quickly enough and efficiently, then the 198 is heavier, and this will affect the mobility of the especially when we have autumn, winter will begin, rains will begin, dirt roads will dissolve, and this will already be important , and one more point that seems to me is that now the capabilities of our artillery are limited not only by the number of artillery systems, but also by the amount of ammunition, that is, the united states of america is constantly supplying great britain we have artillery ammunition, but their number compared to how much the russian federation can afford to use is limited , and therefore, uh, you about the delivery of the m198 makes sense only in

in the event that the united states significantly increases the number of 155-mm projectiles that they transfer to ukraine, that is, in conditions of a limited number of projectiles, it is better to use them in systems whose efficiency, the patient benefit from this will be maximum, that is, from a newer, more modern in terms of electronics and a more mobile system, that is, m -77 we understood the approach and now we will move a little further, starting from other samples, leaving no longer towed ones, moving to self-propelled howitzers, and i will start again, as it were, with the old conditionally old sample of self-propelled howitzers m109, which we received from several countries, oleg , a brief analysis of the howitzer m109 in the version used by the ukrainian army, that is, in fact , according to official sources. that is, today

there is some kind of secret, and all their numbers that will sound are general public information that was publicly announced, now approximately we are talking about the fact that the allies are, first of all, great britain, norway, and unnamed other countries, about fifty 109 howitzers were transferred to ukraine, which are actually quite old weapons but it was constantly updated and is still being updated and remains in the new armament, its generally the main self-propelled system of the united states, and if we speak, we received 109 a3 howitzers , it is a modernized howitzer made of mortar, which is already 100 39 calibers in length. we they received howitzers in the a4 version, which have uh, most likely have the same barrel and may not be confirmed, they received the a5 version, which is a little different, more deeply modernization from the point of view of system centralization, the

possibility of sex again, they are related to the length of a military 39 caliber. that is, we are again talking about a range of 24-30 km, depending on the projectile, maybe a little more due to the use of modern active rockets for them. the self-propelled guns that are currently in service with the armed forces of ukraine of western models, and moreover, in general, the aid received from the usa is exactly the same . in the m-109 version, for example, there is an a6, there is no shortage in the american armed forces at all. there there were several hundred of them simply in the warehouses that we store and strengthen the armed forces of ukraine with this system, when establishing a permanent direct delivery of artillery ammunition to us, it is quite likely, and by the way, in fact

, in just this month, it was already provided, well, it was announced about initially providing 140,000 artillery ammunition in a caliber of 150 km, and in the new aid package that was announced yesterday , we are talking about 240,000 additional ammunition. in my opinion, it can already be allowed to talk about the expansion of the vyacheslav artillery park when we talk about the m-109 in those versions that we use today from the point of view of fighting the enemy, this system is used to fight there 100 s staby, what is its place in the order of battle of this model and can this place be expanded due to the quantity, in fact we are talking about the replacement of the howitzer 2s3 acacia in the ukrainian army, that is, they have technical problems there and

again there is a lack of shells, that is, we have heavy mechanized tank brigades are armed with 2 s3 howitzers, and in connection with the problems that arise with these soviet systems, it would be appropriate to replace them in our heavy brigades with the m109. indeed, the united states has a significant number of m-109a6 in warehouses that is, it would not be critical for them to transfer them to ukraine in commercial quantities there, for example 111 or even 200 units , and secondly, in connection with the fact that these howitzers are already beginning to be used in the ukrainian armed forces, and we see that the ukrainian troops are more old modifications a3 a4 a5, they are already mastering them , that is, there will be no difficulty in retraining ukrainian artillerymen

. it was necessary to spend years on retraining there, that is, there is no technical problem with the transfer of this weapon, there is no problem with the training of personnel, that is, the transfer of the m109a6 to the tank and mechanized brigades of the armed forces of ukraine is now it would be extremely appropriate for me, i have almost no experience of cooperating with these artillery systems, one case that i saw was that a self-propelled howitzer hit the target with literally three shots, that is, we are talking about the m-109 of an older modification. that is, it is for due to the very design of the model due to the ammunition, despite the fact that it seems to be an old model, and that is, it is much more effective than the soviet

models that are the current ones of the ukrainian army . was produced, and what modernization did it undergo, the main thing is how it was operated, i.e. if regular technical work was carried out, parts that failed were replaced, if the barrel was replaced there, or was it not sufficiently worn, then it is a sufficiently effective weapon, even in connection with you, despite the fact that this is a weapon of the cold war, i.e. if this weapon was properly repaired and modernized, then it is now murderously effective, and now at will let's move to real samples - this is in particular the polish self-propelled artillery crab, which we want to bury for the ukrainian army in significant numbers . the main advantages of this type of weapon are from the point of view of the need for opportunities on the battlefield, that is,

when we talk about the drop. the first thing is to understand that we are moving from a barrel length of 39 calibers, which is limited to the range is 25 there 30 km by 50 over the length of 52 calibers now this is exactly what the barrel length will be, it is considered the golden mean and well, almost the standard, consider it new because all modern western self-propelled guns have exactly the caliber is 55 mm and the barrel length is 52 calibers, which allows me to shoot with an ordinary projectile from 30 km and more, and an active jet at 40 km and more . to which we must all , especially then, and the self-propelled gun itself, its undercarriage is a korean k9 chassis, and the fighting part, that is, with the artillery e-e part, is without an average

british as-90 gun with a german barrel, and all this production of these components was established in poland, which according to official information from warsaw already transferred 18 units, and the transfer was not only of the self-propelled artillery units themselves, but also of the entire complex, which includes control vehicles and other support vehicles, this is extremely important because the ready-made so -called combat kit was transferred, relatively speaking in this way, the carab was already ordered by ukraine, we are talking about sixty units , a contract was signed for it for official cooling, and thus this car may well to become one of the main howitzers and for the armament of, for example, artillery brigades, that is, mechanized reading plates, there will be m109, and crabs can go to specialized artillery brigades, in which it is extremely important to have a high amount of

fire, a high range of fire, and the use of all modern means of targeting on the target vyacheslav krab is characterized by the fact that this is a sample of weapons, he said, but which is transmitted in a complex manner. it has its own fire control system and has its own reconnaissance shock circuit what does this mean if they explain to our viewers what are the advantages of this approach of using the use of artillery, well, this is exactly the same western approach that distinguishes it from the russian one, that is, when artillery is not a thing in itself, an artillery gun. and this is an element of a reconnaissance strike complex where there are means of reconnaissance e-e means of orientation on the terrain in the gun, means of calculations, automated shooting, information transfer, and all this allows just such complex e-e systems to hit targets faster and that

it is very important with minimal expenditure of shells, and this is important not only for logistical reasons, but because artillery systems overheat, and if you need to fire 200-300 shells at a target, several artillery systems can do it for hours. shells, then literally one self-propelled installation can fire in a matter of minutes and change its position. that is, it significantly increases both the effectiveness of the use of shells and significantly increases our survival from the artillery itself, because it does not you have to be there for hours in the same positions. and this is precisely where the range of western artillery systems is increased compared to russian ones. this is another element that allows the relatively small number of western artillery systems that are currently

in the armed forces of the ukrainian army to effectively perform their tasks and oppose a much more numerous - e russian artillery, when oleg talks about the place in the order of battle, talking about the artillery of the brigade, you agree with such assessments, that is, that it is optimal to establish them as well structure exactly as a separate brigade. hmm, it would be appropriate if part of the artillery brigades were to have entirely on self-propelled artillery such brigades as reserves of the supreme command or to have a mixed composition of self-propelled divisions that were used in the directions of the most important e-e application of efforts and towed guns, let there be m three sevens is uh m198 if we get them or is there a fil-ha-house 70 western european cold war