a significant part of the revenues. yes, of course there will be other export options, they now want to , if there is an agreement on iran, they want to go through other countries, but they just won’t succeed, so it will last. i believe in it. on this optimistic note, we will complete our program. thank you mr. pavlo for participating in the program this was pavlo klimkin minister of foreign affairs of ukraine in 2014-2019 politician and diplomat this was the program verdict about her serhiy rudenko i bid you farewell until tomorrow until 1:00 p.m. tomorrow i will be visiting the former chairman mykola malamush of the foreign intelligence service of ukraine, as well as sbu colonels, people's deputy of ukraine roman kostenko, who is fighting on the southern front , let's talk about the southern front and the situation in kherson oblast. goodbye mykolaiv oblast,

creatures are not capable of choosing anything else. and we in ukraine like to choose everything, even if it's insurance on hotline finance hotline finance insurance of course online dear ukraine, you know that in us everything will be as we want everything will be needed everywhere everything will work everything will be blue and yellow everything will be and everyone will be at home, our ukraine will bloom and smile again everything will be native everything will be independence with a holiday like never before more than

150 days without days off on the front lines more than 30 units of captured enemy equipment tankist yevgeny is getting closer to victory every day and every day he says i am not tired i never tired of defending ukraine, military forces are not always enough to protect the country, but if it is defended by the people, then the country is invincible august 29 is the day of remembrance of the defenders of ukraine who died in the struggle for independence, sovereignty and i congratulate the territorial integrity of ukraine

. we will never need you again, we will remember, for example, the same lessons of civil defense , few people took vital science seriously, agree, we believed that most of the threats were already in the past and had no place in the civilized world, ukrainians relaxed we neglected the shelters, destroyed the strategic stocks, weakened the preparation and really forgot how to act in case of various threats and now our life has turned again the key now for ukrainians has become

the question of how to survive in any scenarios and circumstances and the demand for this knowledge and skills means of protection and time grew wildly, we realized all these gaps, so we are trying to close them, our program helps to do this we continue to provide you with vital information on the rules of survival in conditions of war and today we will talk about nuclear security since february 24, we live constantly on the edge of a nuclear threat because russia is blackmailing the world with nuclear weapons by regularly threatening to use them. however, now the nuclear danger has become even closer for us and we are talking about the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant captured by the occupiers, a radiation leak there can happen at any moment if not to stop the russians, so according to the calculations of the ukrainian hydrometeorological institute of the state emergency service of ukraine, for a

hypothetical accident at the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, the highest concentration of radioactive aerosols can be observed in the immediate vicinity of the station with a radius of 50 to 100 km , in particular, radiation will reach kyiv and the temporarily occupied regions of donbass, radioactive fallout is also possible in the east of belarus and poland, and also in the baltic countries and, according to the estimates of other experts, the area of ​​the potential exclusion zone in the event of a disaster will be up to 30,000 km zaporizhzhya region will actually be lost for living and farming, while the area of ​​potential contaminated territory will reach two million square kilometers, i.e. like three ukraine to do in the event of an accident at the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant and what the consequences really can be , we will talk about it today, and just now

i want to introduce you to a guest who is in touch with us, this is vadim chumak, doctor of biological sciences, head of the external radiation dosimetry laboratory of the national research center of radiation medicine of the national of the academy of medical sciences of ukraine i congratulate you, mr. vadim, good day. glory to ukraine. glory to the heroes, mr. vadim. well, let's go. power plant, of course, you and i, like any ukrainians, do not want an accident to happen there, but the danger exists and it is real, and if we simulate the situation, can we say that this is the second chernobyl , well, look, now we are considering three possible scenarios of radiological impact during this e-e war, one option is of course the use of nuclear weapons, the other is the loss of control over

sources. azovstal itself is collapsing, so these sources can get into the atmosphere or come into contact with people , those two scenarios are now less relevant than the scenario of a reactor accident, about which we are now talking about, and zaporizhia nuclear power plant is a threat, i would compare the hypothetical accident to this we will rather focus on the scenario because chornobyl is a completely different type of reactor, the path of the accident is slightly different and chernobyl will not happen again, and this is an accident like the pokusiv accident, which is also not good. although it is somewhat smaller in terms of impact and scale, it can be compared, well this is literally what the scientists say. it is related to the nuclear

threat, which is also present in ukraine. correct, the correct term is a radiological threat. it is indeed a radiological threat if there is an accident at the reactor. the number of e-e is a very large number of different radionuclides from which cesium lines that everyone remembers chernobyl at the initial stage they are far from the most dangerous and not unimportant if we talk about these factors that accompany the accident at the reactor especially in the initial period, it is necessary to take a nap, make some decisions and protect people, this is probably external radiation , first of all, the main radiation from various radionuclides, which are quite active, and also, radioactive iodine enters the

thyroid gland . at this stage, although you have to keep in mind that the situation is changing very quickly, for physical reasons, for meteorological reasons, for human reasons, but if such an accident suddenly happens, god forbid, the first thing is from what. it should be protected from external application and from the possible ingress of radioactive iodine into the human body, and in the rest, by the way, the thyroid gland, if we talk about the areas of damage that you just told uh, who. well, we understand that this is the zaporizhzhia region that will be affected the most and then you also said that it is necessary to look at the natural conditions, that is, i understand you correctly, it depends on where the wind will carry this radiation flow, but who is most at risk

i remembered that fortunately, if you can say so, ukrainian science has a huge experience of the chernobyl accident, and all further and unsuccessful decisions were analyzed, and i hope that they did not forget these conclusions and they can be applied. the first thing is that that the first step for the population is to er hide in shelters , and er well, for our viewers, they are all physics, where everyone may have studied physics well at school , er, gas radiation, although it is invisible to the human eye, but it is also exactly what light, that is, there can be a shade, it can be protected by something the barrier is, for example, our modern residential buildings of clay or reinforced concrete, they are quite weakened, that is, from external use, which is uh, around, uh, such protection is well, it

can be even up to 100 times, but at the same time it should be borne in mind that for example, windows provide such protection from external control, so uh, and again, the analogy with light, if you have some such shaded corner in your apartment, then if they will interrupt us there, then this is already sufficient protection from the external pyramid inhalation intake, so-called from breathing in an open area, not even close enough to the source of release, it does not play a decisive role , because the idea of ​​diluting radioactivity also enters the body to a rather small amount, but uh, exposure from greens and vegetables, especially with milk radioactive iodine is a very important factor , at least that's what chernobyl showed, that's why other protective protective protection from the west is er stop consuming vegetables and milk and who if someone wants it is

necessary for feeding a child, for example milk er, you should take long-term storage milk with a production date before the accident, that is, they will be clean, you can safely consume the next step - this is to stay, well, again, stay in shelter as much as you can, er, seal the premises so that air does not enter, although again, this blocking the path of radiation dust is quite easy to do, there is nothing extraordinary here , and the main thing is to wait for the official evacuation, because once again chernobyl showed that those people who tried to evacuate on their own they rushed and tried different roads, some of them were very polluted, therefore, during the official evacuation, a safe route will be chosen and one must obey and go. and besides, e hide in one's home, er, not approaching the implementation, that's what mr.

vadima said, but still more i want to repeat my question, but where are these regions the most dangerous and what dose of radiation can ukrainians receive in these different regions because this is the whole scenario that you have just written out what to do to people and gave advice on how to act in case of that there will be an accident at the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. but we hope that this will not happen. this applies to all residents of ukraine. is this advice for those who live there, for example, closer to the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant ? it's okay, it 's er, well, let's see what happened, er, the accident , er, the radioactivity that is stored inside the reactor got into the environment and is beginning to be transferred with the air masses, first of all, it depends on where it will go

from the wind and weather conditions, because it is one thing if the reactivity is simply somewhere in the stratosphere, relatively speaking, at an altitude of several kilometers , it is carried far away. and this does not pose a threat, but the biggest threat is when this reactivity begins to fall on the area, that is, these radionukes , people, aerosols, they start to settle down gradually and here too there is such a factor, whether it will be a so-called dry precipitation, that is, simply without rain, it is more evenly, more slowly, and the other way is a so-called wet precipitation, if it has rained the places where there was rain will be directly reactive, it can be quite active and therefore it can be dangerous to predict in advance where it will fall. will it rain? it is very difficult , that is why i said that the first thing for people, the first protection is

to hide and wait for official information during this time . what were the fallouts, where were they, and what roads are still free from these fallouts, because chernobyl had four possible evacuation routes, and one of them was planned, one was unplanned to kyiv, and there was a planned one on poliska, there were plans for civil evacuation the defenses that you mentioned and two other ones are also improvised, so the planned ones in naples and the unplanned ones in kiev turned out to be quite dangerous, because there were exactly traces of the fallout, because the first most powerful trace from chernobyl was this release , it was in the western direction is precisely in the direction of polisky, and the route to kyiv passes through the redwood forest and is well known to everyone, so you can’t even water it, so you can clearly say in advance how and where to evacuate, where it will be safe and where it will be

dangerous, you need to give the specialists a little time to they figured out what happened, where the fall went, and then decide where it is safe , where it is dangerous, this is the main message, that is, we cannot predict anything, that is why this is the diagram that is written literally on a daily basis. it should be known by every ukrainian right now, it is true, because the situation is very dynamic and changing. well, first of all, for those who studied physics, i can say that i am happy with radioactive nuclides. they have the property of radioactive decay. it was they are radioactive and with it is characterized by a high decay rate, a half-life period, for example, cesium and strontium - it is about 30 years, and eight days are even more short-lived, the main rule is that the shorter this half-life, the

more active it is in practice, for our scenario, this means that if there is a fallout and there is very high activity at the beginning. but fortunately, these are the most active radionuclides, they will decay the fastest , that is, in a certain time, in a fairly short time, in a few days, er, er, the activity will be much less than uh, at the beginning, but here too, it should be borne in mind that the reactor accident scenario uh, it involves a long-term release of the reactor itself, this is a repeated event, and therefore, here and for this, specialists are needed, and the same hydrometer that will calculate where the activities are transferred and the desimetrist and radiation protection specialists in order to assess the important effects and choose the best option for the protection of the population, mr. vadym. is it necessary to have this household dosimeter at home to check the

radiation background? well, first of all, unfortunately it happens so often even in such developed countries as japan, there was also a sudden initial accident, there is chaos, panic, some unforeseen events in japan turned off the electricity supply, all the doses were left without a non-working state, uh, well, no one guarantees that and the same thing, there are some black uh a swan will not fly over us therefore, we must rely on official sources, but it is better to be safe with your own device . when moving through the polluted area, did the cloud come at all or didn't the cloud already rise, the foundation has not yet risen, so these devices are very useful for this, and they should not be

neglected. and if we are talking, for example, about some gas masks, protective masks and glasses or something like that should be kept at home and used in case of an accident , these means of protection, they provide a certain protection, not always guaranteed against inhalation , that is, with breathing, but again, i emphasize that in an open area, well, quite a few kilometers from the source of the emission, this is no longer the main path radiation, that is, it will give a reduction, but this reduction will be a few percent or up to a fraction of a percent, so it is not a lot of inconvenience, much more than the benefits of this. but the protection of the thyroid gland is very this is the use of iodine preparations, and as far as i know, preparations are now underway , these preparations have already been purchased, delivered

where needed, they are stored, and if there is a threat of a real accident, then at the very beginning, at the very beginning , you have to live, eat potassium according to a certain dosage an overdose is also dangerous, and even then there will be protection for the thyroid gland, because i said thank you. we will definitely talk about it later today. thank you for your advice and for being removed from our broadcast. i am always ready. thank you. goodbye and i want to remind you that we are on the contact was vadim chumak , doctor of biological sciences, head of the external radiation dosimetry laboratory of the national scientific center of radiation medicine of the national academy of medical sciences of ukraine, so i hope that from our conversation you understood what are the main rules, if you hear about the fact that there was an accident at the nuclear power plant, you need to stay in shelter and follow official sources of information, do not go outside, do not go

near the windows, literally hide somewhere, as mr. vadim said, in a dark corner or in a room where everyone is locked windows and or there are none at all. we continue our program. today we are talking about what to do in the event of a radiation threat and how to survive , and due to radiation exposure, a person may have disorders of the vital functions of various organs, such as hematopoietic organs of the nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract and others, and radiation sickness can also develop. there is no treatment for radiation, but there are barriers that can protect against its effects, as well as medicines that help remove a certain percentage of radiation from the body. what can be done to reduce it? we will find out the harmful consequences of this damage now, and we will be contacted by the director of the institute of clinical radiology of the national research

center of radiation medicine, anatoliy chumak, mr. anatoly, i greet you. good morning, mr. anatoly. so, please tell us what happens to the human body in the first minutes of exposure. before we talk in detail about what happens to the human body, let 's make a foretaste, as they say in music, that everything depends on what under what conditions does the radiation occur, at what dose does this radiation occur, and how ready is the person exposed to this radiation to perceive the customers, mr. anatoly, i can't hear you, and you hear us, mr.

anatoly, perfectly. then please repeat again because the connection disappears, i can't hear you well. i want to say that you know how roslinzatov seemed to say , he says, he forbids us, he reads his part, where does he drink, what is it, and how much he licks when it's human, all these reservations are a sign of wisdom. not corruption to everyone, but with regard to radiation, everything depends on how consciously a person perceives the influence of radiation and how much he is afraid of it, the more he is afraid of it, the greater the effect this effect will have. of vision, ionizing radiation has a certain effect on those

cells that are subjected to an intense point - these are cells. that is, these cells are completely contracted and thus, depending on what you are and what degree there may be an effect when the effect will be mandatory yes, to be honest, mr. anatoly , i would still like to know what happens to the body in the first minutes, and you know the connection is very bad, so let's go, we don't have much time, actually, so let's go, i just want to give people today as much advice as possible so that people could understand how to protect themselves and what to do now if it is necessary to do it first of all, all

protective measures must be applied not only by themselves, but only when it is announced from the so-called information king, in our case, the state service for bear situations if the state service for emergency situations says that it is necessary to carry out iodine prophylaxis, then only in such conditions it is necessary to take it constantly . pills with potassium iodide, they have already disappeared from the shelves of pharmacies, and is it possible to somehow replace them and take something else in case of an accident? and here the emergency

services say that you need to start taking them. well, if we talk about potassium iodide around in the surveillance zones near the nuclear power plants, there are stocks of it there, you don’t need to run to the pharmacy and buy those stocks of water for potassium, they are prepared simply through the local service er-e dsn through the local case they need to see saint anatoliy’s day er-e please continue you said that there are reserves, so now they will try to establish contact with mr. anatoly, because he is simply not there, and today i want to remind you that we are talking about how to act in the event of a radiation

threat, if, for example, there is an accident at the nuclear power plant, and what a radiation accident is a violation of the rules of safe operation of a nuclear power plant, equipment or, for example, a device that caused the release of radioactive products or ionizing radiation beyond the limits of safety and an accident. it can be accompanied, for example, by explosions and fires. and the main consequences are precisely the radiation effect and radioactive pollution. what we are talking about today is that we have already understood what radiation is and how it is harmful. and now we are talking about can we protect ourselves from it and do we need to do it, for example, in advance and what should be done and we are still trying to get in touch with anatoly chumak, the director of the institute of

clinical radiology of the national research center of radiation medicine of the national academy of medical sciences of ukraine, mr. anatoly, you hear me well. thank you, mr. anatoly, look, i want to ask you another question, why did we talk about what, uh, can it be replaced ? people have to provide them but in the first half of our program we talked about the fact that we do not know what the natural conditions will be, we do not know where the cloud will go or whether it will rain or not. and therefore we can not say with confidence that some region ukraine is more protected there, and some are less protected, eh, but i understand you correctly, but taking these drugs and one prevention is necessary only eh, in surveillance zones, only in zones

only where there is a threat of radioactive iodine release and fairly high levels if eh there is no iodine prophylaxis eh well, i just know that people already now, as i told you that there are no more drugs eh on the shelves of pharmacies with the content of eh potassium iodine, that's why it disappeared, this potassium iodide is simply it was sold out by people themselves now they want to know whether it is necessary to take it in advance and someone is already trying to do it, and those who did not find potassium iodide say that they will take er iodine solution, but doctors say that it is not effective. is it true er, let's evaluate the test of two sides, first of all, under no circumstances

can you not take anything without a signal about the danger from thrown rocket iodine. no, nika’s iodine and 5 if there is this signal, then you should take one 125 mg figure as recommended, so again i don’t hear p anatolia, we will try again p anatoly, can you hear me, it's just some kind of mystery today, eh, i sometimes hear you, sometimes i don't, so i think that our viewers do too. somewhere, you lose connection. so you don't need to accept anything on your own. yes, nothing , only if there is a national team.