the issue of the war in donbas and after the full-scale russian invasion of ukraine, gorbachev said that he was disappointed with putin, who with his policies destroyed the legacy of gorbachev himself, did gorbachev really seek freedom and democracy for the citizens of the soviet union, as many now believe, we asked an american philosopher and writer about this listen to francis fokuyama. i'm not sure that he wanted democracy as such, but he certainly wanted people to speak honestly about the past of the ussr when he introduced glasnost into politics, and i think the most important thing is that he did not want to use force to keep the old soviet union, and this was really critical for the countries of eastern europe to free themselves from soviet influence , as well as the republics of the soviet union, such as ukraine, moldova, and belarus, became independent states, and this is a contribution to human freedom, and there really is no equal to any other leader of

that time. well, i have to say here that in fact not all world leaders are intellectuals who have a high opinion of gorbachev. for example, today the minister of defense lithuania stated that, in his opinion, mykhailo gorbachev was a criminal who ordered the brutal suppression of peaceful protests in vilnius, tbilisi , almaty, baku and other cities, for which gorbachev at least never publicly repented, and as for ukrainian officials, the death of gorbachev in kyiv was not commented on at least publicly and we are officially in touch with the political columnist of radio svoboda vitaly portnikov, my congratulations, well, if on behalf of the state of ukraine you had to somehow summarize the influence, role and place of gorbachev in ukrainian history, so that you could say you know me once said to mikhail gorbachev himself, when he was no longer the president of the soviet union. it was during one of the television broadcasts of astana that i was very glad that he was my president, but i am even

more glad that he is no longer my president , and for me it is to a certain extent measures of generalization gorbachev why i was happy because i understood that this is a weak president of a weak state my political goal was the destruction of the soviet union mikhail gorbachev could not go for such a global use of force he used it you already talked about it and about it said mr. fokuyan, i remember how the first congress of people's deputies of the soviet union opened with a moment of silence for the killed people, they fought back and it was an improvised moment of silence, it was announced by a deputy from latvia, and the leadership of the congress, led by gorbachev, did not intend to do this, and baku and other conflicts, in fact, all these mines that are currently being blown up in the post-soviet space were laid back in the time of mikhail gorbachev. i think that he imagined as his ideal a country where there would be

freedom of speech, competition and together with all this they voted for the communists, but that is not the case, they vote for authoritarian parties only when they establish a dictate simply at this fork in history where the chinese communists destroyed the democratic protest in the square, the term gorbachev went the other way maybe because, unlike the chinese communists, the soviets were under the pressure of a huge number problems not only economic but also national. gorbachev did not understand these problems in the literal sense of the word, he did not understand a lot of things in general. i was very afraid of the use of force of such a great and most important responsibility of the use of force . he was a man who wanted power and wanted to be in the encyclopedia at the same time. i think that thanks to that,

when they began to restore order in the soviet union in order to keep it unchanged, gorbachev and his supporters lost and precisely therefore, independent ukraine appeared on the political map of the world, but gorbachev was not a supporter of this appearance, and it must be said that he did everything possible until the last day so that such a state of political actions of the world did not arise i don't know if it is possible to call every soviet leader a criminal from 1917 to 1991. it is obvious that orders to the security forces to use force could only be given by the supreme commander-in-chief, what can i say here, but in any case i think that gorbachev is not a person who consists of only black or only white. this is a

person who really started the process of changes in the soviet union. a person who did not realize what these changes would lead to. a person who did not have a clear plan and understanding of these changes. a person who did not understand economic problems from the country she ruled and therefore, by the way, there were no real economic reforms in the soviet union until krakow, the soviet union. a person who did not understand the national problems of the country in which she ruled. a person who tried to use force and stopped . the mechanisms stopped, i understand. of course, from the western point of view, gorbachev is a giant because they are all the post-war decades thought that they would die from a nuclear war and they did not die and the soviet ally, but a person who looks like a giant to someone who didn't kill her doesn't look like a good politician to someone who had the same passport with her. do you understand that this is our

difference from those western leaders? do you associate such a change in gorbachev's rhetoric with regard to ukraine? yes, in 14th year he said that he supported the annexation of crimea, in 16th year he repeated this thesis, by the way, when the full-scale invasion took place, well, at least that's what russian journalists who are with him tell we talked, he was already sick, he didn't support putin's policy too much, we know what gorbachev actually said once and then, gorbachev in personal communication and in public statements was always a completely different person, the announcer who narrated this reaction of gorbachev was narrating a private conversation, we don't know what he said gorbachev, when he was given a microphone, and in general all his statements, you understand that this is his focus. he never gave a clear answer to the question. i remember very well when i was in 1900, probably in the 90s

with him alone because he decided to give an interview to the ukrainian press, he was then still the general secretary of the party, the president of the soviet union, we found ourselves at the exit of the kremlin palace of congresses and talked about ukraine. i then listened to this interview several times. well, you do you understand this exclusive interview of the president of the soviet union, the first, the first in history, the exclusive interview of the general secretary of the party of the ukrainian press and the last in history, what he said, i still can't tell you, you understand, he called for something, offered but he had a problem that he could never express his opinion clearly. when he spoke without a paper, it was their problem in general with the soviet autocracy. gorbachev really wanted to speak himself, but he was not formed and this was a whole

tragedy later. this is when he did not i was the head of the soviet union there, i talked with him in various circumstances. it was very difficult for me too, because he started talking, moved on to something else, he was playing, he was a wonderful actor, he played with you exactly, er, in such a manner, predator, which you are fascinated, you understand, not by a wolf, a cat, and you somehow succumbed to it, he did it perfectly, then tried to understand what he wanted to say, how to retell it, how it is for yourself . communication with him and there was also such a moment. which, by the way, vladimir putin does not have, practically because i think that impostors do not have such a thing in gorbachev . gorbachev radiated power, you understand. well, surely as a person who passed through all the verticals in

communist parties from the regional committee of the regional committee of the politburo, the secretary of the central committee, the general secretary, he learned from this, he radiates power. that is, it was clear that he went up the stairs to this power. people who do not walk up the stairs to power and they never radiate anything, you understand, even if you try to play presidents and this is a huge problem of those authoritarian populists who have appeared on our border. already in the new thousand, they do not radiate power, but, as a rule, cruelty or stupidity, which corresponds to the traits of their characters if generalize if in the vitamins in which he worked in the economy, in particular, if everything depended only on his wishes, then until the collapse of the soviet union, the circumstances turned out like this. yes, the soviet union would have died because the soviet union came to a real real struggle between its main forces, the communist party and the committee of state security,

who fought for power in this structure for ten years, some structure necessarily destroyed the other, and the thief held on to ideology and pride. the whole structure will collapse or someone managed to knock out the communist party, they essentially destroyed it, all of us with our provocations and alliance with boris yeltsin, etc. the communist party disappeared and this was the only component that cleared the possibilities for the existence of this state, this state and the communist party and that's all she was doomed when gorbachev stood next to yeltsin and agreed with the ban on the cpsu, you could put an end to that by the way, at the same moment ukraine's independence was proclaimed, which is logical and do you remember then gorbachev's reaction to the independence of ukraine. i remember the reaction perfectly. i only remember the reaction. a few days after

the declaration of independence of ukraine, i met with the head of the administration hryhoriy hryvenkam and hryhoriy ivanka convinced me that there would be no independence because the ukrainian people would vote against the independence of ukraine. was sure of something and something although i was in front of this first stream of the kyiv party committee, gorbachev himself was certain of this and of something he was certain because russia is what he said it is 100 years since gorbachev convinced him that the referendum would end in a fiasco for the nationalists, and that he would be able to cope with all this. they were strange people, and i was very surprised by how much they did not understand the reality around them, but until december 1, gorbachev was absolutely sure that ukraine was just will vote against the act for independence and from this moment on it will be possible to continue working on the renewed union thank you very much for the comment political columnist of radio svoboda vitaly portnikov despite the hostilities in in ukraine, three and a half thousand ukrainian schools plan to work offline, i.e. in normal

mode, the correspondents of the present time channel spoke with the educators of the lviv region, listen to what they say. hundreds of students and teachers will be able to hide from anxiety, for now volunteers conduct classes for the children of immigrants, we are currently drawing at school and now it is a camp, and we used to go when air alarm, the main room where everyone will hide until recently was a shooting range, a favorite target of absolutely everyone, both children and parents, and teachers in the ministry of education of ukraine recommended to return to offline learning if possible, but according to the new norms dictated by the war, you cannot work without shelter, everyone will not be able to at the same time in our country september we are planning 1,206 children , according to the conclusion of the commission of the act, our shelter can

accommodate 900. that is, it is about 800 children and approximately 100 children if they are not all placed in the state will have to organize two shifts or a mixed format in each class, or there will be parallel days with face-to-face and distance learning. and this is already under a school workshop in a town near lviv, men are digging out the basement of the room where we have been accumulating construction debris for decades. soil, that is, it was possible to get there only by crouching down and crawling for a month without any work, tons of bricks and earth were removed from here and another spare exit was cut we installed electricity, made a toilet and ventilation from the fact that we began to understand the need for shelters at any time - this is a requirement of modern times, the war will end, shelters should be the

same in schools as fire exits or any other means of safety in the priority of the directorate together with parents decided that the children will be under the protection of two walls, each such decision must be made by a special commission, which includes rescuers, here they insisted that the windows be covered with sandbags, this is sand for sure on the sand suddenly all of a sudden something is protection, they will sit on the benches like that, those benches will also be spread out and there are all the necessary first-aid kits, water, masks, but not all parents agree that any protection against missile strikes by the russian army is quite reliable. we planned to go to school here in lviv, there are many great schools, but when i found out that the education will be offline, that is, the children will go to school, i used this idea for myself, why ah well, we don’t have a single bomb shelter, and ours could withstand

rockets weighing as much as in a ton or half a ton, that is, you can equip as you like. this is a bomb shelter, this is a basement, but it will all be a big mass grave oksana yakova to lviv from kharkiv. her son's native school in northern seltivka was seriously damaged by shelling while the war continues. oksana is categorically against traditional classes in classes, of course he does not have enough communication with his peers it would be very cool if he communicated, but dead children will no longer need communication, the department of education of the lviv regional state administration says that teachers will not be able to teach a lesson in the classroom at the same time and in front of a laptop, that is why online schools are recommended to work in those schools where there is no shelter, schools must be ready for a quick transition from face-to-face to remote, that is, those formats will be mixed and changed during the year depending on the

security situation that we will have, but two-thirds of schools in lviv region have children to study by september, they will be ready to meet children in classes , and at the beginning of august, the minister of education serhii shkarlet said that in general, in ukraine, the figure is less than 30 percent of schools in kharkiv, as well as in most cities front-line workers will be able to work exclusively online , i hope that she will go to school physically, no matter how scary it sounds. we are used to the danger of decisions about how to educate their children. parents have the right to make their own decisions. officials explain their own tasks so that there is something to choose from: external home distance learning or regular in i will study within the walls of the school, i will go to school online at my school. well, i don’t know there, at least my friends saw it. it was lviv region, which is located far from

the front line, but the question about shelters in schools and how and in relation to education, as you can see, the challenge of the new school season is very acute, we will discuss it further with us in connection with the co-founder of the public organization smart education ivanna kobernyk, we congratulate you good evening, well, you see, even in the lviv region there is no one of consensus. some say that it's just risks, risks, and others say , let's try. i can just imagine what's happening all over ukraine. you probably know that, well, look at that, that's what there cannot be a single solution because it cannot suit all families depending on their circumstances and it is really best that there be a choice, but of course all parents must accept the limitations that any choice imposes if you choose online education then this means that your the child will stay at home by himself, which is problematic for younger children

, including in terms of safety, because who will take him to a shelter if you are at work the same applies to those risks that, unfortunately, definitely exist even with offline , face-to-face education, that is, unfortunately, it really is a rocket can fly everywhere and we don't know what will become the object of the aggressor. the question is whether all safety measures in this or that other situation were taken into account. i have partly talked with the parents of schoolchildren and they voiced to me the following key issues of the problem, they say that well, - first of all, there is not enough screams that if there are shelters, they are small and also such a key point that uh, many people say that they collect money from parents for the arrangement of shelters, maybe these are such isolated situations, maybe it is a systemic problem, what do you say the peculiarity of the situation is that there are dozens of options if the shelter is for a maleto. the state

emergency service should not give permission for this school to work in full or should give recommendations that they should work in two shifts if they collect money, parents should also not be silent in this sense and we must talk about it directly because it is one thing when the parents, as was shown in your plot, came and helped to clean up . there are not enough workers who can perform this physical work, many men are currently at the front , so if you have made a decision to come and help perform certain works, i do not see anything wrong with it, if you have suspicions that you are collecting illegal money for what the state has allocated for, then don't be silent, submit a request and find out if there was funding, a question that scares me a lot when parents take responsibility for the

arrangement of the shelter, this cannot be done because they are not engineers, they are not responsible persons who are responsible for the physical security of the shelter must withstand, i.e. when and this must be confirmed by the relevant services and the founder is responsible for it, i.e. the local authorities cannot parents take responsibility for deepening the shelter, for example, because it is not known how it will affect the structure of the school if in this school does not have a shelter or it is insufficient, this means that it will not be able to work full-time and we must accept this situation, we must understand that we are starting this school year in the conditions of those restrictions imposed by a full-scale the war that russia is waging against ukraine. please tell me . how about this year’s academic year, which will take place in the process in parallel, and hostilities will continue. let’s put it this way, has

anyone made any similar calculations or forecasts, well, definitely calculations in the analytical, scientific sense of this it is certainly impossible to do the words, you can do something that can be done after after the end of the school year, conduct a study of the equations of course they will be very different and, unfortunately, we must admit that most likely inequality in access to quality education, it will be deepened, this is a very serious challenge. and what i consider the best way out is really when additional training takes place in small groups, first of all, it is necessary to understand that even in the previous six months, most of the children did not study fully, accordingly, it is necessary to find out what gaps in knowledge they have for the previous academic year and it is best when the school can organize work in small groups depending on the needs of the children, i

will remind you that in principle in general and of course if we they said in peacetime, it could even be paid to teachers in a certain way, but of course, unfortunately , when there is a decrease in budget allocations, when local authorities do not collect all taxes as before, as in peacetime, and in particular, it can affect the local allowances that are paid in the same way to the teachers i know that in many regions they have unfortunately been canceled . that is, we have a significant reduction. that is, we are faced with a situation when teachers will have to do more work for possibly less money. this is an unfortunate situation. but again, this is a war, the only thing i can do to say that now there are many free e -online tools of projects of public organizations supported by donors that provide assistance in additional education of children, including in small groups, including in the main subject in the main subjects and, first of all, in the ukrainian studies component, i mean the

ukrainian language, literature, history of ukraine, and that is , it would be better if the school itself cannot organize this, so that it informs parents that such free education exists, i myself used it for my daughter, and this is a project a public organization is taught for ukraine, a public organization, smart education, this is done by an educational institution, there are many other online resources where you can improve the level of knowledge of your children in certain subjects for free in those gaps that , unfortunately, due to the war, of course, will be formed and especially if now there will be an unstable school year as well we must prepare for the fact that all of us will have to make more efforts so that our children receive a high-quality education as possible, as high-quality as possible. perhaps in those safe conditions where the child is located, but you mentioned online education. i saw that some benefactors

collect money for the purchase of books or tablets for children, i realized that there is a problem. with the occupied territory goes to it, too, there may not be these gadgets. please tell me, who has or who provides solves this problem systematically, for example for those groups of children who choose online education, i think that for children i have not seen any projects where it would be systematically provided, and i can’t imagine how in wartime it can be done completely there by a single source, so this is done by philanthropists that i saw. and what happens quite systematically is laptops for teachers, including laptops for teachers from the occupied territories who moved and maybe they even had a laptop there, they just lost it, maybe there wasn’t, but these are

beautiful inspiring stories when mariupol teachers organize online education for their children, and definitely for those children from mariupol in the same way, or remained in the minority, the majority moved to other places and this school is trying to keep the team trying to keep their children and conduct online training for them, of course . if we are talking about who is responsible for this, unfortunately, from the position of the ministry of education and science, we can talk about quite significant irresponsibility and indifference to problems that are really a provision financial, material and technical possibilities should be dealt with by local authorities, but the ministry of education and science has many tools to

facilitate these processes. unfortunately, we are now seeing helplessness or indifference or unprofessionalism, i don't know what to call it, so far we only see something there are some demonstrative inspections of some schools some visits which well, it seems absolutely meaningless to me if you yourself did not put in the effort, what are you inspecting if you did not ensure it, that is, these are just ostentatious visits to the best schools in the regions well, who needs it, despite the fact that there are direct responsibilities of the ministry of education and science that it should do, namely, the provision of textbooks in march of this year was completely removed from the article on printing textbooks for obvious reasons, this money was transferred to the needs of the defense of ukraine, but during this time the ministry of education and science until the first of september from march, i will remind you, did not find the opportunity to print at least basic textbooks for the fifth grade. why is this so important specifically for the fifth grade because the fifth grade is first class

in ukraine, who studies according to the standard of the new ukrainian school reform, that is, for current fifth-graders there are no old textbooks, and accordingly, if the child does not have access to the internet, there are no gadgets, and if we are talking primarily about rural areas, this means that they will not have materials for learning and only now, before the first of september, the ministry said about some intentions that one day it will print the ukrainian language and, well, definitely. this indicates that the work has not been done on time and , unfortunately, the great responsibility falls on the parents and well, unfortunately, of course, they have to be responsible for the education of their children, but it is good when they have support from the state in this situation, we see that what the ministry of education and science should have done has not been done . children go to school, co-founder of the public organization smart education ivanna kobernyk was on radio svoboda well, two days before the start of the

school year in druzhkivka, this is the donetsk region, the russian army destroyed two schools and a sports facility with its missiles, what remained of these buildings, we can show you further happiness, therefore, no matter what the building is, the mouth is not broken, there is and the school will work

further . also destroys medical facilities. literally today, the ministry of health reported that as of august 31, that is, as of today, 649 medical facilities continue to operate in the temporarily occupied territories and behind the hostilities. these are the institutions that continue to work, but at the same time they will receive very limited funding, and one-twelfth of the amount of annual funding is 1/12th. we will finish, i remind you to subscribe to the pages of radio svoboda on youtube and in social networks, and freedom life will be back on the air tomorrow, dear ukraine, you know that in

us everything will be the way we want it , everything will be successful, everything will be everywhere, everything will work everything will be blue yellow everything will be and everyone will be at home our ukraine you will bloom and smile again everything will be equal everything will be independence happy holiday like never before events the most important events events that are happening right now and affect our lives of course