movements, as i say, i am radical, they just removed it and that's it, the discussion is over. thank you very much. take care. may god protect odesa. odessa residents in odesa. on valentine's day, a member of the odesa district council was in touch with us, and i am attaching the conversations of roman kostenko, people's deputy of ukraine. the secretary of the verkhovna rada committee on national security, defense and intelligence, a colonel of the security service of ukraine, he is currently defending ukraine at the front . he is not always at the front. days ago you defended mykolaiv and went to the united states. that is why he is engaged in his work on the front as a military and diplomatic political p. of defense and intelligence, if i say so, i am not asking now about any secret things, but in principle, for example , at least to the data committee, the question is how to act, or at least there, the ministry of defense should

consult or tell. and what do we have to do in response is it all being resolved at the level of the military leadership and they are deciding how to act in view of the fact that the enemy has decided to multiply his army here in ukraine please , of course, we in the committee discuss these issues and understand that it is necessary to take some action there, and we are cooperating with the ministry of defense and our other defense security teams in this regard. but the main task is really. to work out a strategy, first of all, how to act and how to react precisely to these actions of the russian federation. well, you were recently on a visit, as were a number of people 's deputies of ukraine in the united states of america . sams what we

received, then his assistants said that the president meant that we would receive well, this is still money and a good signal, uh, what was it possible to agree on in the united states, and did we manage to convince our partners there of that what do we specifically need now for the counter-strike, that is , maybe somewhere to maintain the front or there is no need to convince anyone there, everyone understands everything, those questions maybe and for some other reason, please, well , the main negotiations are, after all, conducted by our ministry of foreign affairs , people they appointed we were like a delegation of deputies. we also had our own tasks. we talked with ambassador oksana markarova there, and we also received tasks, and immediately afterwards, when we spoke with our colleagues, they were voiced because you say hello here, there is no special need there we will say a lot to ask because people understand and support us, but the very fact of saying the specifics of what is needed. there we talked about tanks, we talked about long-range missiles, and we must, er, partners

must understand what the president is saying, for example, and er, ours the ministry of foreign affairs and the deputies are saying that we are all one voice, let's talk about what ukraine needs directly in order to win, mr. roman, you are a staff colonel of the sbu, you are a person who was at the front as a soldier on the battlefield in deterring the enemy and captured the enemy in mykolaiv together with the famous and legendary general marchenko, you understand what the enemy is, his strength, his capabilities , and his skills. they will leave, but we understand approximately what kind of people these are, that they are not those whom putin has been preparing for war for 3 years as cadre soldiers and stuffies, what is the real threat from these mobilized people, and what should they be ready for, well, you know

, the ukrainian public should also understand that will be at the front. we all have to understand that there should be no panic, or any such sentiments that we will throw everyone with a boot, they will all die , please, yes, of course, we must not underestimate the enemy, we must understand that russia is still quite a resource country and can even produce some not only technological types of weapons, but these are types of weapons that can come and fight here, what is the increase in numbers - this is more tank crews, this is more, er, calculations of guns, this resource will really harm them plus there are more people who are trampling our land. if we put it so rudely and also hang over our local population, which is under occupation, this is a real problem and we need to respond to it somewhere . let's say by arming those already mobilized, mobilized, er,

our servicemen who are already in military units and undergoing training, because we know that we have mobilized there, well, a million, this is the defense security forces involved, i think 700,000 is somewhere er the armed forces are mobilized, but we need them. well , according to the data, there is a lack of equipment there, there may be 120 or maybe up to 200,000 . which is still needed to form units from them, heavy equipment is needed because throughout the war a soldier with an e machine gun plays a key role for our people. and on the battlefield, well, let’s say more, the role is still played by artillery aviation and heavy equipment well, here really is here is a refusal at the level of the legislative bodies at the level of the german deputies not

to provide tanks to ukraine, but you explained why it is important and why the president relied on it, why he spoke so emotionally about it in an interview in to a german journalist, what is the need for these tanks, they are needed well, but so far there is no contact with this, i would like well, maybe the new ambassador of ukraine in germany by the way, he is newly appointed instead of mr. melnyk maybe he will solve this issue , we wish him only success in this and i would like i want to ask you briefly about the nuclear threat. it has never disappeared throughout this war. well, now it is being discussed very actively, and yet in the committee on national security and, again , intelligence, this issue is raised, and i , again, i'm not asking for them in secret data, you need them and you won't give them in view of your profession, but it's interesting to just understand is this already a topic for discussion at least and there are some signals and an understanding of how to act what to do and we are preparing for something, please, well, we are in the committee discussed at the level, let's say, with each other regarding the threats, there was no such official thing there that we convened committees let's talk about whether

russia will be able to use nuclear weapons, there was no such thing when we understand who we are dealing with and even if it does not happen, we have e- this is to be considered as a threat, and in the same way that we should present a threat of their use of missiles there , and then there are the actions of the aviation there, and there are some tank attacks there, it is still in russia, it has already used it there , even the only weapon of mass impression is left. not only nuclear weapons, that's why we should talk about it and should now think that in the event that , god forbid, it disperses, we should know how to act, first of all, we, our people, should know how to act. well, let's say we can't answer that because we have long since renounced nuclear weapons from a nuclear country and pledged here for us , let's say, signed the budapest memorandum - these are big countries such as great britain, the united states, china,

well , russia. in case of something, the answer will be from our countries of guarantees here, this is very important. by the way, we also talked about this at our meeting and talked about the fact that this is for you. another argument for your voters , because the voters are also in different constituencies republicans and democrats perceive the war in ukraine in different ways and thank the democrats themselves for explaining to them and still supporting us and financing and providing weapons in general. of ukraine, the secretary of the verkhovna rada committee on national security, defense and intelligence, as well as a colonel of the security service of ukraine, is a military man who took part in battles at the front and is participating. to fight and defend our country, great respect to mr.

romanov, in fact, for his work on all fronts , so may god protect him and our other defenders , so now it's time to talk about the continuation of the topic, we see about the war, we talked a little about the continuation of the topic already much more reasonable with accents and comments, serhiy zgurets, director of the defense express agency and host of the daily military summaries column, mr. serhiy, i congratulate you, please. say hello to vasyl vitay at night on the espresso channel, today in the military summaries, we will talk about one topic - it is about risks and consequences the use of tactical nuclear weapons by russia and what ordinary citizens need to know and do about it, in a conversation with our experts, in a moment, vladimir putin said that he is ready to use nuclear weapons for defense of russian territory, which increased fears that he might use small-sized tactical nuclear weapons in ukraine, actually on his territory, but we

understand that these pseudo-referendums that are currently being held, putin is trying to cover them with his own tactical or strategic nuclear umbrella and say that these are russian lands that we will now be to protect in various ways, including using the capabilities of nuclear weapons in the usa seriously treated the threat of the russian federation us president job biden old putin from such a step, and not at a very high level, the kremlin was informed that any use of nuclear weapons by the president would have catastrophic consequences for the russian federation. the president of ukraine, in turn, volodymyr zelenskyy, also does not believe that the russian dictator volodymyr putin is bluffing when he threatens to use nuclear weapons in addition to direct threats nuclear weapons there are tactical or strategic, zelenskyi called

the zaporizhia federation of nuclear power stations, which the russians shelling, he also recalled the recent attack on the southern ukrainian nuclear power plant, in turn, a representative of the main intelligence agency in one skibisky said that russia is seriously considering the use of nuclear weapons, i quote, it is possible that russia will use nuclear weapons against ukraine, they will try to stop our offensive activities and destroy our state, skibysky said. the political canvas and the military channel is that russia today has about 2,000 tactical nuclear munitions of various levels. these are nuclear warheads from e-e 03 kn to 100 kt. let me remind you that this atomic bomb, which was once dropped on hiroshima in 1945, had a power of only 15 kt.

up to that time, tactically, nuclear weapons were not used in wars and military conflicts. so, is russia really ready to become the first with all the risks of using such weapons directly for myself, we are in touch with oleksiy the hedgehog, experts of the national institute of strategic studies oleksiy congratulates you congratulations sergey, please tell me what kind of tactical weapons the enemy has now and what of this can be used to intimidate ukraine there or nato or europe using the same approaches that putin is currently trying to implement in relations with the united states and europe well, i think there is practically only such a state that can be used in one way or another or at least somewhere in the documents it is recorded that it can be

used. i think it is an aviation album and eh and heads nuclear nuclear warheads for eh missiles of various different bases official land and sea what does it work what no well eh the fact is that since 1991, from such long-standing agreements between the soviet union and the united states, which were confirmed by russia, tactical nuclear weapons should not be in the troops, except perhaps for parts of aviation weapons, but for front-line aviation, it may be, but still, not everything is desirable either it is in the central warehouses and no party has tried to break it because, you know , russia can of course get

weapons from the central warehouses and send them to the troops, but the appearance of american e-e ships ships with nuclear weapons and what haven't been there for 30 years. this is for russia. maybe the situation is even worse. that's why they don't violate it. they don't deploy it on ships. they don't deploy it in the army . of combat use from the second world war well, speaking in general, it may look like an explosion will be chosen in the village of letters in the 20th year of our it seems it was a couple of years ago, it is two kilo tons well, that's how it can be, it's not the end of the world, but it

really very powerful powerful explosion as they can if they want as what can they deliver but it seems to me that there is always a problem in order to shoot down a ballistic missile with difficulty, but for a ballistic missile there are no such missiles in russia now that have been reliably tested with nuclear weapons and no iskanderballistic ani kali e-e dagger, what official are they? well, i did not hear that they were tested for ammunition. if such ammunition is nuclear, they exist. they have existed since soviet times. it is unlikely that they were created because there are no tests already there. in the 90s, if it is a cruise missile, yes, it is more technically possible, it is possible, it is not from the territory, it is not suitable for launching into the territory of ukraine in a certain way, but cruise missiles still go astray, so

there is no good option for delivering a reliable nuclear strike in russia, this is also the case certain, well, certain restrictions and certain deterrents. of course, if they launch 10 missiles, one of them, well, at least one of them will probably fly, but yes, no, no. this is simple. and when we talk about cruise missiles that can use nuclear warheads the optimal option, if you can even say the word optimal regarding the use of uh, in the event of the shooting down of such a missile, does the detonation of a nuclear munition occur, or in fact, this will not happen, i think no munition well, it is necessary to check at what stage well, it seems to me that the situation there is such that the cruise missile is already captures the target well, its control system is already set on the last, on the last section, it seems that these mechanisms are already working, which allow

the trajectories to finally explode until these are not captured by the system management i think it is unlikely. it should hardly be an explosion, that is, there is a risk for russia that nuclear weapons will fall into the hands of ukraine if they shoot at us with cruise missiles. by the way, i want to say that the most tested type of cruise missiles that fly towards us and the least controlled from the point of view of international procedures, i.e. such a type that the ammunition can be located close to the missiles, then it is still not a tactical, not a tactical weapon, and what is related to the strategic weapons of the kha-101 missile otake - this is the kha-101, but it seems to me that the most technically easy for dispersal options is the option for the use of nuclear weapons developed for russia. yes, it is nominally a strategic nuclear weapon, but there is also a low capacity for ammunition. it

can be used as uh, well, in this the tactical option, so to speak, is the target for such a nuclear missile. that is, it is a demonstration detonation on the black sea, a strike on an island, a snake strike on kyiv, a strike on lviv, because i was talking to our colleagues a lot of questions at once will there be an attack on lviv or will there be an attack on kyiv? that is, which enemy chooses priorities if you can get into the heads of these russian generals. i think the first will be just a demonstration and see how it will still hit the cities, well, this is definitely and quick rubination of the international non-proliferation regime and this determines that in 5 years the world will not have 5+, there will be four unofficial nuclear states, but there will be 20 and there will be, and no one will convince other non-nuclear countries that there is

no need to have nuclear weapons, and i think that in such a state well, in general, everyone is obliged to reset to zero, including ukraine and ukraine. i think that after such an attack, everything will fundamentally change in terms of promises, structures, supplies, well, the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons will be destroyed , so i think that after all, they will not dare to attack the cities, but if they dare it will be like in mariupol in mariupol. well, in terms of the amount of explosives, it is like a tactical nuclear munition, and it will be a destruction, so i think there will still be a demonstration, if you dare, there will be a demonstration of the test area, or maybe in a clear field, well, even if in a clear field, the majority of citizens start talking about it in telegram channels, and they will not see it with their own

eyes . in which case, any use of tactical nuclear weapons, whether in a demonstration format or in a format aimed at a specific object, should cause appropriate action on the part of the united states in order to stop such and such actions of the russian federation. by the way, we have the inference just shows mariupol, against which the impact zone of a nuclear munition of 10 kt was potentially used, and we see that in fact today, according to the consequences, what mariupol did actually corresponds to the losses that would have been used by the power of a nuclear munition, which means that even conventional weapons should be well, cause the same attitude on the part of the community as nuclear munitions, er, oleksiy thank you very much for this explanation to our viewers i will remind that on the espresso channel there was oleksiy ezhak, an expert of the national

institute of strategic studies at the same time, there are technological companies in ukraine that manufacture equipment and machinery that is needed by both the military and civilians in conditions when the enemy can use chemical, bacteriological and nuclear weapons . focus, we are in touch with the chief designer of sparingvist center company, yurii storonskyi, yurii, i congratulate you in the evening, but the enemy is threatening to use tactically nuclear weapons or threatens ukraine and the world there with the threat of disabling our nuclear power stations. what should our population know and do in the event of a nuclear detonation of an explosion. here are your short tips based on your experience from the point of view of development systems that minimize the impact of radiation on

our population, what you need to know, what you need to do, what you need to collect there to the alarming there, er, to the alarming suitcase, that first of all, it should be understood that a nuclear explosion at a nuclear power unit and detonation of a nuclear charge are slightly different things, but what they are common. this is the first phase. the so-called hot acute base and in one and the other case we are talking about the release of a huge amount of radionuclides , which in the first minutes of the hour have extremely high activity and they are created with the maximum dose power, which as a penetrating dose of radiation will greatly harm healthy people later through for a certain period of time, this strophe disappears and the so-called radiation begins, which people will receive due to the fact that radioactive fallout will fall, they will fall to the ground, they

will fall into water, respectively, into food products , of course, after the notification of a nuclear explosion, that is, during the acute phase, it is desirable to hide from this penetrating radiation, it can be basements, it can be uh, well, any concrete bunker to survive this most active part of this period and to receive the minimum dose of radiation , which is penetrating, of course, if there is no such possibility, these are houses in which the windows of the apartment are tightly closed, and the second part of this radiation, which comes with dust and precipitation, does not penetrate ambushes in such a case, you don't need to go outside and it is especially important to protect children because if we talk about the adult population, it is not as susceptible to radiation as children, our children, in the future, of course, it will be

about contact radiation that falls on the ground that falls of course , we must understand that if we are already forced to go outside, it is not far from the epicenter of the nuclear explosion, we need to have respirators so as not to inhale polluted dust with radioactive particles, because it will be the so-called inhalation dose that will enter the lungs and will harm us from the inside, well, of course, this is washing hands, this is washing food products, let's say vegetables and fruits, before eating them if they were grown on the ground in our summer gardens partners, the main measures that must be followed by the population in the vicinity of the epicenter of the nuclear explosion, they usually follow the wind, where it blows, to understand that this primarily concerns us in our locality or us this does not apply because the radiation will not soon reach the crawler, but you are talking about only one

component of a nuclear explosion, which is related to radiation, and usually the military there, first of all , interfere with the shock wave emitted by such components, which are actually -e affect directly at the first stage of hostilities so when we conventionally speak there about ammunition there 10 kt eh eh eh i for example, for example, looked at certain graphs and we used map data with nukes b let's say a well-known resource is in fact, for each ammunition capacity, it is possible to determine the impact zones of these components, so, relatively speaking, we took kiev as the most critical component of the 10 kt ammunition , and we can actually see that the impact zone is not so critical, we are talking about how there the zone directly there is the most critical there in a radius of somewhere somewhere 1.5 km, and when we talk about the maximum shock effects there, it is four and

a half kilometers, that is, in fact, we are talking about what and in the conditions of the use of nuclear weapons in fact, there are not such critical conditions in order to maintain the defense, what do you think about this, in this regard, are we not raising the threat too much? that's right, nuclear weapons as such, well, in any case, the radiation that spreads after a nuclear explosion, it will not be limited to one and a half or 10 km, we understand that the amount of radionuclides released after the chain reaction of this instant caused by a nuclear explosion will spread with the wind over huge distances and not five, not 10 km, it will the air will start for ten or hundreds of kilometers, as we had, for example, after the chornobyl accident or after fukushima, it is not

surprising that radionuclide is the radionuclide that will be released the most and which will be the longest-lasting, then it will be a pollutant because of its volatility, it will spread very far, and of course the first cage of the order that will fly away from the site is the so -called radioactive iodine, an impressive factor - it is a direct rune destruction, they will not actually be so dangerous in the future as this is actually the radiation that will spread , and of course, in this case, there is a lot of talk about iodine, which is lacking in people’s bodies due to the iodine deficiency of food in ukraine . drops and this is the 11th potassium and it is even better to buy sea cabbage in markets and eat it right now, it is the

product that contains the most iodine, which will replace this deficiency in our body, thank you for these calm explanations and our support let me remind you that the main designer of sparringiscentr company yuriy soronskyi was on the air on espresso channels. so, nuclear explosions are really devastating. they are systemic, but there are estimates that you can survive even near the epicenter. there are data on the example of one japanese citizen whose name is this one. by the way, he survived the explosion in hiroshima and then the explosions in nagasaki. he suffered a number of fractures but lived until the 1993s. so , under any conditions, we will win on this today . international and economic news further from my colleagues

on the espresso channel. thank you very much serhii sgorets , director of the defense express agency, the bulls led the military results of the day. ukraine or over ukraine and could offend people, it is very important to know and understand to be ready, it is not a fact that putin will succeed in this, it is not a fact that he will be allowed well, it is not a fact that it will happen , but we must be ready for everything that happens i really want to tell you about what is happening in russia, but i will not eat the barn of yuriy federa, i will tell them everything in detail, i will only inform you that the first number appeared today, and they say it was a leak from the fsb, there russian channels are sitting and looking for it in the days that have passed since the announcement of mobilization, points from september 22, yes, 4 days during this time, according to approximate

estimates, up to 260,000 men left russia. who work, who can join the army, it is mainly health, people are physically developed, intelligent somewhere plus or minus up to forty over 40 there are even young people, and this huge number of people has now left the borders of the russian federation. therefore, this is a big positive, the only thing that is normal in russia, supposedly they are already planning to start tomorrow or maybe even today, this is already a practice, they will not let people out of the russian federation who do not provide a certificate from the military commissariat. i understand that now the military commissariat employees will get rich here on the other hand, this already means that the doors of opportunities and the windows of opportunities for russians are closing so that you understand that russians leave a lot, that is 260,000 men, and there are also women, that is

children, that is also the people who inhabit russia and in fact it is not