the rules that come from tactical medicine like this i went through this training in tactical medicine they say like this how to find the condition of the wounded like that if you look at the wounded and look oh my god he must not have survived or this oh my god this is serious then this is a serious condition if you look at the wounded and say well, it will heal before the wedding, or it's a scratch, and so on. now we'll patch you up here and you'll continue the fight, then it's not serious, why why such an instruction because it's impossible for an unprepared person in the condition of stress to determine how difficult the situation is given in this case we are only complicated is the injury and such in our case how difficult the situation is that is where we look so if we see that oh my god here around here here everything is destroyed here or like it is very dangerous here then rather everything is dangerous, you will need to act as there is a danger if you saw something like well time oh and this explosion well, in principle, it's nothing so terrible there, the windows shook or i didn't even notice anything at all, i didn't notice it

means that you do not find yourself in the most difficult situation, then accordingly the algorithm of your actions changes if you find yourself in a difficult situation, that is, there is destruction by fire, uh, you heard all this how everything went like a walker so it shook yourself, you see cracks in buildings, you are somewhere you looked out there somewhere , you saw the destruction, that's it, well, it means that this is a zone that is dangerous for you and there will definitely be no contact, but you will need to evacuate from this zone if you didn't notice anything and well, here - in different ways it came message and that there was a nuclear strike because this electromagnetic pulse will also not be output to electronics directly within a radius of 1,000 km. no, it will be there for 10-15 km. if you see that your communication is working and you saw a message on twitter that a nuclear attack was carried out, then

you do not need to panic, it means that you survived it normally, stay at home and follow the instructions of the public road center, but i will return to this moment for a second when you unfortunately got into the zone of destruction, you remain in the shelter you were in for a certain time, it can be from a few hours there to a day , and then you need to evacuate from there, you need to get out of this place, because there may it is dangerous to stay and you can burn in a fire, for example, i am already saying that, as they say, it is banal, but you can receive very strong doses of radiation through inhalation of smoke, dust, and various combustion products, and so on, so right there , you have to think about how to get out of uh, from this zone as to leave it, move away at least a few kilometers, where i think that our sms and our allies are already

organizing evacuation points and evacuation mechanisms to get out. you said that if we found ourselves in this basement room or from the apartment, if you were in the apartment and saw all the destruction around and that everything burns and burns when you go somewhere, for example, it is possible to run somewhere to some kind of parking lot and pick up the car and leave the city, or you can also do this on your own. well , you know, it can be from a few minutes if you find yourself in a building that is on fire, you just have to leave it. you won't be able to go there. that is, i am not, well, there is no nurse there, no emergency services, no one else can. yes, there is such a recommendation. you can leave it, look at the question here. when the first question is the

protection of the respiratory system, a respirator is ideal. this is the type of respirator you should have with you. well, i even wrote in this post to my facebook that you should take care of such masks, even if it is desirable. wear them with you in your pocket, it will help you from covid. now we have another wave of video, and it will help you, god forbid, to protect the respiratory organs in the event that it becomes irreparable, therefore, protecting the respiratory organs in general is the first right, the second is the protection of the skin, and when you have protected organs of respiration, but there is no mask, so you wrap it with clothes, wrap it all up, is it possible that your task is not to inhale dust, and then, depending on how well you are protected, you can go out there in an hour , two or three after the explosion, or even in a few minutes if you are there everything is on fire around you you can leave you have the respirator you just showed

you can use clothes or for example several masks at the same time yes well you will have to do it here with no options so your task is to prevent dust from entering and we consider all dust to be in the impression zone it doesn't matter what kind of radioactive dust it is inside, why? well, because the skin, then when this radioactive dust gets on the skin, it can be well. it will be difficult, but they can be washed . so you will be washed when you leave this area damage it, you will shower several times, we will do a special peeling, and that is, it is such a very unpleasant procedure, but you can remove these from the skin. to impress you well, until the end of life, therefore, the first rule is to protect the respiratory organs, as they say , at any cost, by all possible means, mr.

roman. that is, uh, we still act according to the rules that are now given to us by the state emergency service and the center for public health, but if a person will sit and no one will take care of him, i want to return to this question of mine, no one will evacuate, and there are, let's say, no state bodies that started to deal with this immediately, what should he do and you told him to do all the bandages and leave and run where to what to focus on what we are focusing on yes uh well let's say it like this once i remember there from military training when we were taught that we need to get out and move from the epicenter to determine the direction of the wind a-and determine the direction of the shock wave it will be visible according to the type of destruction, for example, if i destroyed a house, in which direction did its pieces fly away, it will be necessary to determine and so on. well, it will be quite clear what

the task is . you come to the surface, well, let's say there with a respirator and you, as i described there in social networks, are completely wrapped in a raincoat. fire there will be columns of smoke in the other direction, there will be fewer of them. maybe yes. maybe it won't be like that and you start the exit. in addition, in the direction where there is less, in addition, it may be that the impact of the nozzle is usually in the centers and bridges, you are moving from the center , you can move to the side where you will see some light, for example, what is this night , ah, in one direction, there is no light, only fires, in the other

direction, you can see that there is some life there, there is some light well, there is something there and you are moving there, that is, your task is to find your way to where the epicenter is, that is, where there is a maximum of destruction and move in the opposite direction to talk about how to orient yourself according to the wind, but i would not take such recommendations into account because, again, it will be very difficult for you to take into account the direction of the epicenter of the explosion and the direction and other factors. here you will spend precious minutes to get your bearings in this and, as they say, submit to even more radiation. and there is a risk that you can go in the wrong direction and enter the epicenter , and here you know, as always, the issue of the smaller goat and if you stay in the city there is a fire and you see that you will just physically burn, you realize that you can't stay there and you have to move if you see that you have a supply of water and you

know for sure that you won't burn in the closest ones there for two three five hours it stays there like that place and wait, and maybe some services will come there and help. that is, it is already your individual decision on the spot. and here there is no single instruction for such a direct algorithm, how it works , that is, your task is to survive. that's what, what, what do we have to create, what do we do anyway we can't stay for a long time in one place because it is noisy there, that is, sooner or later we have to get out of it, and well, we have to constantly use these personal protective equipment, use them when we are in this zone, so ms. irina, thanks for your question, if there is no communication, yes, that is, there is no help, evacuation is on our shoulders, but we must do it rationally, that is, we must always consider where the greatest danger is, that is, burning in the house from a fire, uh, or falling under, entering

the epicenter by mistake and falling under there under terrible humiliating radiation. and if we see that there is a greater risk of fire, then we have to evacuate. we have to go there and orient ourselves from the epicenter of the explosion and move on to the opposite side, eh, to the place of evacuation of the additions of the collection, which i think will be organized, well , practically not roman i i want to thank you for being in touch with us today and remind our viewers that roman pavlyuk, a researcher of the problem of radioactive pollution and radiation, gave us advice today. and what is the role of radiation about nuclear explosion, it is also important to learn about it because, well, after all, we heard from mr. roman that later we are threatened by radiation already after you survived the explosion itself, and we have to preserve

our lives and health, and with us on the yazku vadim chumak, doctor of biological sciences, head of the external radiation dosimetry laboratory of the national scientific center of radiation medicine of the national academy of medical sciences of ukraine. i greet you, mr. vadim. good morning. glory to ukraine. glory to the heroes . please tell us about the role of radiation in all this and to what extent. she threatens the ukrainians. if we put it this way, just now we were talking, you must have heard about the epicenter of the explosion itself, and if we talk about, well, somewhere at a distance of 20-30-40 or more kilometers, if there were people, i want to say that i listened to mr. roman's report. i agree with him for the most part, but there are certain circumstances, well, first of all, it should be emphasized

that in the event of a nuclear explosion, especially when it comes to tactical nuclear weapons, after all, radiation is in third place after the flash and thermal exposure and then comes a shock wave, but the radiation itself, it can be said that it enters and affects a person in two stages. the first is direct radiation from the explosion. and here i would only say that in addition to gamma x-ray damage, neutrons can also play an important role in radiation, which it is much weaker, it is attenuated, it is weakened by air or even more by concrete structures and so on. that is to say, this must also be kept in mind, but i completely agree that if you survived the first impact, the first flash did not kill you because of this by flames or debris eh further in the closet, it is very high to survive, but here it should be borne

in mind that there is a second round of radiation sources, namely radioactive dust , that is, ash, dust, everything that rose in the air, and now we see on the screen this famous mushroom atomic e- this mushroom is to give out money. after the explosion , first a high-pressure zone is created, which goes like a shock wave, and then a vacuum is created in this place, and everything that is under it is sucked in by the place of this atomic collapse of the explosion . then this these materials this ash this the dust also becomes reactive and it begins to fall out, but the good news, if you can say that, is that uh, the products of a nuclear explosion are there in

many different areas, but they are mostly short -lived, unlike the tractor accident, we know that uh, until recently, the most the actual scenario was an explosion at the zaporizhia npp reactor, we had a lot of trumpeting, now we are switching to the risk of a nuclear attack, so in contrast to the reactor accident, the dose rate drop, i.e., the radiation level, will occur it is much faster, this is the first difference, and the second difference is that it is dust, well, scientists, it has a large dispersion, that is, if the reactor is not an accident , mostly aerosols get into it, which are very sticky and very difficult to stop, very difficult to wash, then here it is just like smoke, it is like dust and even a brush for clothes it helps to get rid of it quite effectively, it is also much easier to protect the respiratory organs even with improvised

bandages or well, but now almost all of us have medical masks, many have respirators, this is enough effectively, here i also made such a clarification to the point where mr. roman said again, because of the fact that these radionuclides have a much shorter half-life, even if they enter the body first, these large particles are excreted, that is, they are expectorated, as you can say that is, it does not remain, and even the fact that somewhere there can get into the deep parts of the er bronchial where are the trees or the lungs, but viola they er very quickly the radiation decreases that is, it is not so bad it is scary who can comment on this er this but just in contrast to what mr. roman said, because this decline is happening quite quickly, it is rational not to try to run away immediately,

the best thing is to hide somewhere in shelters, well, the optimal thing is that these are underground shelters. but already when the explosion took place and already there is no risk of further destruction, then you can still somewhere, anywhere, where there are concrete walls, brick walls that protect against external use. well, let's go, there is an opportunity to protect the air as much as possible, that is, to seal it as much as possible and wait because literally in two days the level of radiation is decreasing. according to various estimates, it is up to 100 times. that is, if you have resources, water, food, you are not injured, you are not suffering . you need urgent evacuation, then it is better to wait for this time. first, the level of radiation on the street will decrease, and secondly, there is hope that there will be a reaction

from the emergency services of the official authorities who will tell you where it is better to evacuate. well, they will provide help that cannot be expected in the first hours after the explosion. who should wait? have people should stay at home and not go outside the basement, for example, or their house, because, as mr. roman rightly said, all of us older people studied in classes on civil protection or civil defense, after it happened a nuclear explosion was created, a suspension of this dust or ash was created, then the wind began to carry it somewhere, and some uh

zones would be absolutely clean. therefore, i would advise if there is such importance to take your time, you will be fascinated by it, if you are not injured, you do not need urgent medical help and you can hold out for two or three days, then it is better to develop it and beekeeping here, again, it should be borne in mind that this radioactive trace he uh from a distance he talks through the air uh activity ends but it should also be borne in mind that uh can be and does happen the so-called dry loss and wetting, that is, if it has been rained by the japanese - it was called black rain this this all dust, it is washed to the surface of the earth and there can be created very so-called hot hot areas, which without having devices, you can not

recognize them, therefore, again, advice. the way you will be taken out of the impression zone, that is, there is even if you are there 100-200-300 km away, it is better to spend this time at home and because the natural conditions may be such that this radioactive cloud will be brought to your region, i understood correctly that i interrupt well, especially if you are far from the epicenter, then there is simply nowhere to move , so it is really better, but if we are already seeing the same story, no one knows for sure whether there will be a nuclear strike, if one strike has already occurred, then it is clear that, excuse the plan of our components and there may be further strikes so this is a warning for the rest of the population create a supply of water food prepare the premises make sure there is a respirator and leave it in place until special instructions from

the authorities sir i thank you for your advice thank you, vadym chumak, doctor of biological sciences, head of the external radiation dosimetry laboratory of the national scientific center of radiation medicine of the national academy of medical sciences of ukraine, was in touch with us, so and we are moving forward with you. and now in touch with us will be a candidate of chemical sciences gleb rapichi and gleb, i congratulate you. practical advice on protective equipment, that is, here is a manual on protective equipment, because we understand that

this bag, this suitcase. we can just go there from the store or to the store like this or come back from work so we will not always carry with us do you still advise to carry these raincoats, masks, dosimeter with us at all times in a special purse, what to do so okay, well look, actually it is desirable to carry with you, that is, to carry with you at least a respirator, so i would take an iodine preparation, that is, something that takes up very little space, that is, those tablets of iodine, the same respirator, they do not take up anything, so you can take a raincoat with you, it is very desirable to take at least a supply of water with you why because look, if there is an attack and you will i hope that you will be in shelter you will have to spend some time there well, if you can easily

survive without food well, you will want to eat well , you will not die from this, but with water you can be problems, that's why i carried water with me. but, as in previous programs, i will say right away that the most important thing in all this is that you go to the shelter, because your survival will depend on this. tell me about this raincoat, what it should be and whether it is possible there are no stores, by the way, i did not find out, maybe they were already sold out, as you remember at the beginning with covid, there were not even masks, well , look, that is, why do you need this raincoat in general, i will tell you why, because, for example, we went to the shelter, and it was so bad there we sat out in we are sheltered there for a day or two and then we go out to evacuate and then when we go out into the infected territory and out of the

shelter, the radiation levels there will be not lethal but dangerous for health and we must wear a mask so as not to inhale the radioactive isotope no no cause additional internal damage and we wear what we wear as you remember there were tips on the account of cynical danger to us we need to wear clothes that protect our skin and hair as much as possible this is the norm if you have, for example, a raincoat if it's a chemical protection suit, it's totally cool, in that case, when you are taken from an infected zone to some conditional clean zone by the security forces or the military.

those parts of the body that will be infected, they will have to be washed until they are no longer infected, there will be decontamination points, so if you wear these clothes or there are raincoats that cover you, you will be decontaminated very well it's much easier, that's very good. in principle, you'll get a smaller dose, but that's all you need it for. as you can see, the woman wears , for example, some sort of costume that protects her as much as possible. you see something like that. it's very desirable to have gloves because you'll have to touch something . the shoes are also high so that dust does not get in there, that is, you need to have such and such clothes , if, after all, you started talking about shoes, it goes without saying that not everyone can have high shoes, someone can wear sneakers and not in high boots, yes, it is possible to carry something

with you, what kind of shoe covers do you recommend or something else ? i don’t know. you can make it up. there is a drawback. you know the real drawback of the shoe covers. why are they very thin? well, you’ve all seen what kind of shoe covers they sell. these are polyethylene shoe covers that are designed for walking. indoors. and for the sake of curiosity, when i was in the village of otze , i made a video there about how to make chemical protection overalls from improvised means. that is, i have a client to work there, but with shoe problems, they absolutely cannot withstand the conditions, uh, it's just ordinary earth, even so, they tear up very quickly, especially after a nuclear explosion, this entire territory will be strewn with fragments of everything, and in this case, they will very quickly be incapacitated . i also want to ask you a lot in the mass media, especially printed ones, spreading

information, i will not read it now those names, but i also have here a means of emergency medical protection against external radiation exposure and a deactivating means that is designed to remove radionuclides from the skin and to fight the main manifestations of a primary reaction to radiation exposure and advise ukrainians to buy all of this right now, do you really need to have it? look, in fact, such means are not effective in these conditions. why? because these means are radioprotectors, for example . where those liquidators were, that is, they came there. so, for example, it would help them not to survive, because during those hours, several of them received very high doses and died from it, so then there would be radio protectors

effective and in this case a person thank you thank you unfortunately the time of our program has run out thank you it is clear and we will follow all the advice and of course we understand that all the advice can become useless if you are confused or panic we can not prepare for everything 100%. and you can't be prepared for this, a nuclear attack can cause a complete collapse of the infrastructure, so it will most likely be impossible to get help for several days if not weeks, do not neglect your own safety and try to prepare in advance, but it's better to compile this list of things we talked about , it is necessary to prepare an emergency suitcase and know everything that we advised you today with you i was iryna koval and berezhit sebe first league of the

ukrainian football championship carpathians vs. prykarpattia lviv vs. ivano-frankivsk who will be the winner in this battle and gets the desired three points, will the teams in the sixth round be able to present beautiful goals and a spectacular game? we will find out this saturday , october 1. prykarpattia ivano-frankivsk on the espresso youtube channel, the pre-match studio starts at 3:30 p.m. , the match starts at 4 p.m., join the community with a ukrainian view of the world, become a sponsor of the espresso youtube channel, and this is access to exclusive content, personal thanks, pinned comments, special icons there, the possibility of personal communication with the espresso team, click to sponsor and become part of the community with a

ukrainian point of view, there are no more contradictions, there is one nation that protects its land, there are no more countries of the first, second, and third world, there is a civilization that repels the aggressor there are no more foreign cities and foreign children there is a homeland and parents for everyone there are no more soldiers and civilians we are hardened in the flame we are united for the sake of victory we believe in our struggle faithfully in our victory we are unbreakable every week saturday political club helps to understand the processes that happening in ukraine and the world vitaliy portnikov host of espresso and invitation experts based on facts give their

assessment and forecast of the development of events want to understand how our today will affect our tomorrow see saturday political club what saturdays at espresso first league of the ukrainian football championship carpathians vs. prykarpattia lviv vs. ivano-frankivsk who will emerge victorious in this battle and receive the desired three scoring points, will the teams in the sixth round be able to present beautiful goals and a spectacular game, we will find out this saturday, october 1, watch football together with the title sponsor fc karpaty live broadcast of the match karpaty lviv-prykarpattia ivano-frankivsk on youtube channel espresso pre-match studio starts at 3:30 p.m. match starts at 4 p.m.