so you don't know, for example, we have a message from the state emergency service on our phone, and you don't know what will happen nuclear, you don't know if it will be launched 150 km from us or specifically in your town, god forbid there or your region, that's why you always react as if this is max as much as possible. that is, you are looking for the basement in your house , for example, or in the neighborhood. inflicted and fortunately it was not for lucky for you, it didn't happen in your area and in your city, you didn't fall into the zone of these destructions , then yes, as it says in the instructions of the public health center, if i'm not mistaken, i reread it for several days, do you really stay, uh, in the house, tape the windows, uh there to avoid cracks, turn

off the air conditioner as you described, mrs. iryna. by the way, this instruction is on the website of the public health center, and you can buy it there . in the event of a nuclear attack, there will be no communication or the internet, and maybe even the radio will not work, how can people find out what they should do in general, when they should go outside, when they should not go out, how many kilometers away from them this attack occurred. they cannot know this on their own . this is very good, you know the rule that they pass in tactical medicine , yes, i went through this training in tactical medicine, they say this is how to dream of the condition of a wounded person , that is, if you look at the wounded person and look oh my god, he probably did not survive or this oh my god, this is serious, then this is a serious condition, if you look at a wounded person and say, well, there until the wedding, for life or there, well, it’s a scratch and so on

. that it is impossible for an unprepared person in a state of stress to determine how difficult the situation is, in this case we are only complicated is the injury and such in our case of such a difficult situation. that is, where do we look like that if we see that oh my god , all around here here everything is destroyed here or like it's very dangerous here, it's more likely that everything is dangerous , you will need to act as there is danger, if you saw something like well, it's okay, oh, and this explosion, well, in principle, it's nothing so terrible, the windows shook there, or i didn't even notice anything, i did n't notice, it means that you found yourself in the most difficult situation, then the algorithm of your actions changes accordingly, if you find yourself in a difficult situation, that is, there is destruction by fire, uh, you heard all this how everything was moving like a walker so it was shaking, you see the cracks in the buildings you looked somewhere, there somewhere, you saw the destruction , and so-, well, this means that this is a zone that

is dangerous for you and there will definitely be no communication there, but you will need to evacuate from this zone if you did not notice anything and well here it is different how the message came and that there was a nuclear strike, because this electromagnetic pulse will not be output to the electronics directly within a radius of 1,000 km. no, it will be there for 10-15 km . and in 50 km it will be exactly if you see that your communication is working and you saw a message in a tweet that a nuclear attack was carried out, then you do not need to panic, that means that you survived it normally, stay at home and follow the instructions of the public health center, but i will return to this for a second from the moment when you unfortunately fell into the zone of destruction, you remain in the shelter in which you were for a certain time, it can be from a few hours there to a day

, and then you need to evacuate from there, you need to leave this place because there it can still be dangerous and you can get burned in a fire, for example, i’m already saying that, as they say, it’s banal, but you can get very strong doses of radiation through inhalation of smoke, dust, various combustion products, etc., so right there , you have to think about how to get out of uh, how to leave this zone, at least for a few kilometers, where i think our sms will go, and our allies will already organize evacuation points and evacuation mechanisms if we find ourselves in the epicenter. when to leave this basement room or from the apartment if you were in the apartment and you saw all this destruction around you and that everything is burning and burning when you go somewhere, for example, it is possible to run somewhere, to a

parking lot, i don’t know, and take the car and leave the city, or you can also do this yourself. you can’t. well , uh here you know, it can be from a few minutes, if you find yourself in a burning house, you just have to leave it. you won’t be able to. there, i’m not here. well, i’m not there . there’s no emergency services. for evacuation to the premises if it's on, you can leave it, look here rather at the question when the question is like er hmm the first thing is the protection of the respiratory organs, a respirator is ideal, this is the type of respirator you should have with you , er, well, i even wrote in this post to my facebook and take care of such masks, it is advisable to even carry them with you in your pocket, it will help you answer now we have another wave

of covid, so it will help you, god forbid, to protect the respiratory organs in case it becomes irreparable, so protecting the respiratory organs in general is first of all, the second rule is to protect the skin and when you have protected the respiratory organs. well, if there is no mask, then you wrap it with clothes, wrap it all up. is it possible that your task is not to inhale pollen, and then depending on the certainty that you are well protected, you can go out there in an hour or two three after the explosion , and the one in a few minutes, if you are there, everything around you is on fire, it is clear to leave everything, if you do not have the respirator that you just showed, you can use clothes or, for example, several masks at the same time, yes. well, you will have to do without options, yes, your task is to prevent dust from getting in. and we consider all dust in the impression zone to be radioactive, it doesn’t matter what kind of dust it is

inside , why? it can be washed off yes, you will be washed when you leave this affected area, it will be showered several times, we will do a special peeling and that is, it is such a very unpleasant procedure, but you can remove these it is from the skin you understand that there is nothing from the respiratory organs with the lungs we won't do it if pollen got there, it will always happen there and it will, unfortunately, affect you. well, until the end of life, therefore, the first rule is to protect the respiratory organs, as they say, at any cost, by all possible means, mr. roman. that is, we still act according to the rules that now we are given emergency services and the center of public health, but if a person sits and no one is there, i want to return to this question of mine, no one will evacuate, and there are , let's say, no state bodies that have started

to deal with this immediately, what should they do and you they told me to put on all the bandages, get out and run, where, what to focus on, yes, well, let's say this, i remember from military training there, when we were taught that we should get out and move from the epicenter, determine the direction of the wind, and determine the direction of the shock wave this will be visible from the destruction of the type for example, if i destroyed a house in which direction pieces of it flew off, it will be necessary to determine and so on. well, this will pretty much tell you what the task is. you need to move away from the epicenter and when you come to the surface, let ’s

say you are there with a respirator and, as i described in social networks, you are completely wrapped in a raincoat. in one direction there will be a lot of destruction there will be fires there will be columns of smoke in the other direction and it will be less maybe yes or maybe it won't be like that and you start the exit besides, er, in the direction where there is less, besides, er, it may be that the blow worn as a rule in the centers and cities you are moving from in the center, you can move in the direction where you will see some kind of light, for example, what is this night , ah, in one direction, there is no light, only fires, in the other direction, you can see that there is some life there, there is some light, well, there is something there and you are moving there, that is, your task is to find your way to where the epicenter is, that is, where there is a maximum of destruction and move in the opposite direction, talk about how to navigate according to the wind, but i would not take such recommendations into account, because again, it will be very difficult for you to take into

account the direction of the epicenter explosive direction and other factors, here you will spend precious minutes to navigate this and er, as they say , submit to even more radiation and there is a risk that you can go in the wrong direction and enter the epicenter, and here you know, as always, the question of the smaller goat and if you stay there is a fire in the city and you see that you will just physically burn, you realize that you cannot stay there and you must move if you see that you have a supply of water and you know for sure that you will not burn in the next two or three hours five remains there in that place and waits and maybe some services will come there and help. that is, it is your individual decision on the spot. and here there is no single instruction for such an absolutely direct algorithm, as well as that is, your task is to survive. that’s what, what, what do we have to create,

that we still can’t stay for a long time in one place because it is noisy there, that is, sooner or later we have to get out of this and well, we have to constantly use these personal protective equipment, use them, er, being in this zone, therefore ms. irina, answering your question if there is no communication yes, that is, there is no help, evacuation is on our shoulders, but we must do it rationally, that is, we must always consider where there is the greatest danger, that is, burning in the house from a fire, or falling under, entering the epicenter by mistake and falling under there under a terrible degrading radiation and if we see that there is a greater risk of fire, then we have to evacuate. we have to go there and orient ourselves from the epicenter of the explosion and move on to the opposite side of the e-e to the place of evacuation and collection points, which i think will be

organized, well, practically not roman i want to thank you for being in touch with us today and remind our viewers that roman pavlyuk, a researcher of the problem of radioactive pollution and radiation, gave us advice today and what is the role of radiation in a nuclear explosion, it is also important to learn about this because er, after all, we heard from mr. roman that later we are in danger of radiation already after you survived the explosion itself and we have to preserve our lives and health and we are in touch with vadim chumak, doctor of biological sciences the head of the external radiation dosimetry laboratory of the national research center of radiation medicine of the national academy of medical sciences of ukraine i greet you mr. vadim good morning glory to ukraine glory to the heroes so please tell us about the role of radiation in

all this and how much it threatens ukrainians if we say so, we were just talking you must have heard about the epicenter of the explosion itself and if we talk about well there somewhere at a distance of 20-30-40 or more kilometers if there were people i want to say that i listened mr. roman's report i agree with him for the most part, but there are certain circumstances. well, first of all, be aware that in the event of a nuclear explosion, especially when it comes to tactical nuclear weapons, after all, radiation is in third place after an explosion and thermal impact, and then comes the shock wave, but the radiation itself, it can be said that it enters and affects a person in two stages

. the first is direct radiation from the explosion . and here i would only give the fact that, in addition to the gameringen application, there is also a large neutrons can play a role radiation, which is much weaker, is attenuated, weakened by air, or even more so by concrete structures, etc. that is, this must also be taken into account, but i completely agree that if you survived the first shock, the first flash did not kill you with this by flames or debris, the survival rate in the chassis is very high, but here it should be borne in mind that the second stage is the source of radiation , namely radioactive dust, that is, ash, dust, everything that rose in the air, so we now see on on the screen , this famous mushroom is atomic, er, this mushroom is to give away money, after the explosion, a

high-pressure zone is first created, which goes like a shock wave, and then a vacuum is created in this place, where everything under the eh place of this atom of the explosion is sucked in, then these materials, this ash this dust also becomes reactive and it begins to fall out, but uh, the good news, if you can say that is that the products of a nuclear explosion , there are a lot of different radionuclides, but they are mostly short-lived, unlike reality , we know that uh, until recently, the most relevant the scenario was an explosion in the zaporizhzhya npp reactor, which worried us a lot. now we are switching to the risk of a nuclear attack, so in contrast to the reactor accident, the drop in the

dose rate, that is, the radiation level, will not happen much sooner. this is the first difference and the second difference is that it is dust, well, scientists, it is a large dispersion, that is, if the reactor is not an accident , mostly aerosols get into it, which are very sticky and very difficult to stop, very difficult to wash off, then here it is just like smoke, it is like dust, and even of course a brush for clothes it helps quite effectively and it is also much easier to get rid of it, it is much easier to protect the respiratory organs even with improvised bandages or well, but now almost all of us have medical masks, many have respirators, it is quite effective, here i also made such a clarification in order to say mr. roman again, because of the fact that these radionuclides have a much shorter

half-life, even if they enter the body first, these large particles are excreted, that is, they are expectorated, as you can say that is, it does not remain, and even the fact that somewhere there can get into the deep parts of the er bronchial tree or lungs, but viola, they er very quickly, the radiation falls. that is, it is not so bad. it is scary who can comment on this er, this one is just the opposite because what mr. roman said correctly, and due to the fact that this decline is happening quite quickly, it is rational not to try to flee immediately, the best thing is to hide somewhere in shelters, uh, well, the optimal thing is that these are underground shelters but already when the explosion happened and there is no longer a risk of further destruction, then you can somewhere else where there is concrete walls or brick walls that protect against

external radiation well, let's go, there is an opportunity to protect the air as much as possible, that is, to seal it as much as possible and wait because literally in two days the radiation level decreases. well, according to various estimates, up to 100 times. that means if you have resources water, food, you are not injured, you are not suffering, you do not need urgent evacuation, so it is better to wait for this time, but firstly , the level of radiation on the street decreases, and secondly, there is hope that there will be a reaction from the emergency department of official bodies that will tell you where it is better to evacuate eh well and they will provide help that cannot be expected in the first hour after the explosion who should wait do not go beyond the

basement, for example, or your house, as mr. roman rightly said, and all of us older people studied it in classes on civil defense or civil defense, after the nuclear explosion, a suspension of this was created dust or ash, then the wind starts to carry it somewhere and some areas will be completely clean . and what are some others that are along this trail of the so-called trail, they can be quite radioactive, so i would advise if there is such an importance to take your time will you be interested in this if you are not injured and do not need urgent medical help and can last two or three days, then it is better to develop it here, again, it should be borne in mind that this radioactive trace

is uh, from a distance, it is talking through the air uh the activity ends, but it should also be borne in mind that there can be, and does happen, the so-called dry fallout and wet fallout, that is, if it has rained, the prices have fallen from the japanese, the name is black . so-called hot hot areas, which without having devices, you may not recognize them, so again, advice. if there is an opportunity to hold out, the emergency services will appear , the military will appear and they will help you and the safest way will take you out of the impression zone, that is, even i if you are 100-200-300 km away, it is better to spend this time at home, and because the natural conditions may be such that this cloud will be radioactively

brought to your region, i understood correctly. then it’s really better to move somewhere, so if we already see the same story, no one knows for sure whether it will be a true strike, if one strike has already happened, then it is clear that, sorry, the plan of our opponents and there may be further strikes. that is, this is a warning for the rest of the population, create a supply of water, food , prepare the premises, make sure that there is a respirator and leave it in place until special instructions from the official authorities, sir , thank you for your advice. of the center of radiation medicine of the national academy of medical sciences of ukraine, so and we are moving on with you

and we will be in touch now with a candidate of chemical sciences e.e. we talked we talked today and about how to act, where to move, where to hide, what needs to be done immediately to this whole situation, you, i want to ask you to tell us this, give us practical advice on protective equipment, that is, here is a manual on protective equipment, because we understand that this bag, this suitcase even if we prepare it now we uh it's not a fact that we can take it with us because this nuclear explosion can catch us anywhere we can just go there from the store or to the store like this or back from work so we will not always carry with us do you still advise to carry these raincoats, masks, a dosimeter with us at all times in a special purse, what

to do? okay, look, it is actually desirable to carry with you, that is, to carry with you at least a respirator. yes, i would take it an iodine preparation, that is, something that takes up very little space, that is, those iodine tablets, the same respirator, they do not take up anything, so you can take a raincoat with you, it is very desirable to take at least a supply of water with you why because look if there is a stroke and you will i hope that you you will be in shelters. you will have to spend some time there. well, if you can easily survive without food. well, you will want to eat. well , you will not die from this, but there may be problems with water, so i carried water with me. but as in the previous programs, i will say right away what the most important thing in all of this is for you to go to the shelter, because

your survival will depend on this, tell me about this raincoat, what it should be and whether it is possible that they are already in stores and there are none . at the beginning, there were no masks, well , look, that is, why is this raincoat needed in general? already on the infected territory, but from the shelter. yes, the radiation levels there will be not lethal, but dangerous for health, and we must necessarily put on a mask so as not to inhale the radioactive isotope into our eyes, not to cause additional internal damage, and we wear what we wear as you remember, there were advices on the account

of chemical danger, we need to wear clothes that protect our skin and hair as much as possible, this is the norm . the health officials or the military will take you from the infected zone to some conditional clean zone. yes. there will be a decontamination procedure. there will be an angry dosimeter and you will be measured by the sensor. all your clothes will be removed. and those parts of the body that will be infected will wash until they stop being infected people from the activation points there, so if you wear these clothes, that is, there you cry raincoats that are closed in you are very good, it will be much easier to deactivate you and this is very good. and

it is necessary. as you can see now, the woman wears, for example, some suits that protect her as much as possible. you see something like that. it is very desirable to have gloves because you will have to touch the shoes. the shoes are also high so that dust does not get into them, that is. that's what you need to have such and such clothes, if you still started talking about shoes, it goes without saying that not everyone can have high shoes, someone can wear sneakers and not high boots, so it is also possible to carry something with you, some kind of overshoes can you advise or i don’t know something else, maybe they made it up, there is a drawback, you know, they are very thin, well , you have all seen the covers they sell, these are polyethylene covers, some are intended for walking indoors. and for the sake of curiosity, when i was in the village, i made a video about how to make

a chemical protection coverall made of improvised means. that is, i will have a client there, but with shoe problems, they absolutely cannot withstand the conditions of uh, just ordinary earth, even so, they are made very quickly, and even more so after a nuclear explosion, this entire territory will be covered with debris of everything and in in this case, they will be incapacitated very quickly . i also want to ask you a lot in the mass media, especially in the printed media, they spread information, i will not read those names now, but i also have a means of emergency medical protection here from external radiation exposure and deactivating a means that is designed to remove radionuclides from the skin and to combat the main manifestations of the primary reaction to radiation exposure and they advise ukrainians to buy all this right now or

do you really need to have it, see in fact such means are not effective in these conditions why because these means are radioprotectors, for example. they protect for a short time from high doses , and look at the high dose, for example, where those liquidators were, that is, they came there. for example, it would help them. they did not survive because they received very high doses during those hours and died from it, but then radioprotectors would be effective and in this case a person. thank you, thank you. unfortunately, the time of our program has run out . we of course understand that all the advice can become useless if you are confused or panic, we can not prepare for everything 100%. and you can't be ready for this, a nuclear strike can cause

a complete collapse of the infrastructure, so get help most likely it will be impossible for several days if not weeks, do not neglect your own safety and try to prepare in advance, but it is better to make this list of things we talked about, you need to prepare an emergency suitcase and know everything that we advised you today, i was with you iryna koval and berezhit se vietnamese balsam zirka the first step in the treatment of colds a proven drug and not a cosmetic mixture we will be healthy ask at pharmacies vietnamese trust only proven drugs join

communities with a ukrainian view of the world, become a sponsor of the espresso youtube channel. and this is access to exclusive content - personal thanks , fixed comments, special icons there, the possibility of personal communication with the espresso team, click sponsor and become part of the community with a ukrainian view, every week the saturday political club helps to understand the processes taking place in ukraine and the world vitaly portnikov , host of espresso and invitations, experts based on facts give their assessment and forecast of the development of events, you want to understand how our today will affect our tomorrow watch the saturday political club that saturdays are not with the press mykola veresen vitaly portnikov and the main topics of the week history problems analysis and