we simply became the center of attention and focus. and of course there was no such intensity of contacts before the war , and if when i started my mission in many moments it openly offended me because it interfered with our work. since we were isolated from this club 30 that says meetings in formats we participate in one way or another, not always we hear conditionally and uh the discussion that takes place between thirty but at least in the part when we are invited guests and ukraine is considered we are present we have the right to speak we we can present our position and hear what the answers are, and on our side, of course, i would like to know that the reason for such an intensification of contacts was completely different from the war, but to put it this way, history does not have a conditional way. i think that the contacts have now been identified and that

that every ukrainian guest who comes, that is, here at the headquarters, is a very welcome guest. i think this is also a manifestation of how much our relations have risen to another level. again, let's return to this application. many people said that in fact, the application for joining nato is not a necessary document at all. in fact, on the contrary, nato invites various countries and, in fact, they also said that it was such a political move of the president . how do you think this political move is, even if it is a political move that has changed the situation now and had an impact i completely agree with you on it, i am not with the experts who say that there is really no requirement that an application be made out, but what is important, uh, and why? lay down all the cards and clearly say that we want to interrupt, which i have seen since 2008, if you knew all

the arguments on the table, we ask specific questions , questions about which they were aware all those years, and the moment comes when you also expect a solution in response, whatever it may be but we must move forward. we must not get stuck at this stage of uncertainty and wait for the end of the war. the war will end and end with the victory of our side , and then i think this too. by the way, it will give a very big boost to the application receiving a positive solution well, really uh. some of the reactions were actually very nice, and you yourself said about canada, but countries like the usa, on the contrary, were more restrained. it seems that they did not expect such a step from our president at all. the solution said that they might have thought that we would choose another the moment for the application is here but again

, you know, i will say yes, this is our sovereign right , it is not what we are there, you know, they chose some other foreign policy course and followed it, and then suddenly they say out of the blue, the application was issued the member countries knew that it was. they knew that uh, if it was not on our foreign policy agenda and it was said at all levels, the only thing is that as much as possible i will explain this restrained position that you mentioned as the first reaction, it is because these countries realize that now there is no political consensus within the alliance. but to be honest, we are also aware of this, but the existence of a problem does not mean that you should sit and wait for some kind of consensus to mature, we will work on it. we fulfill the criteria for the membership of the gnat and accordingly form a political consensus, that is, this

trend is maintained, we will continue to do this with you as a former ambassador to great britain, in fact, a lot has changed after the resignation of boris johnson, i had the impression that the country this is one of the biggest of those who support ukraine boris johnson came to us now the new premier e how is your analysis maybe even i don't understand that you are now more focused on a-a relations between ukraine and nato well, probably still still follow what is happening in the country where you spent, well, it is probably an important stage of your career, how do you think that the attitude of britain towards ukraine has changed now, we have started negotiations on a new agreement, now i can only be happy that great britain is our is one of the biggest allies, and i will tell you. frankly, from what i

saw from the statements and position of lis tras when she headed the ministry of foreign affairs, in principle, i think that we can have such a strong ally in her person as we should have used in the person of the transplant johnson, that is, the government is also very pro-ukrainian, it is determined to support ukraine, which i really like in the british position. if you compare it with other allies, they have few words, many things. that is, it is not only conditionally, there are direct supplies of weapons, where are we have seen, but these are also approaches such as conditionally attracting financial aid in order to purchase weapons for ukraine from those countries that for various reasons cannot supply lethal weapons , that is, such is the moment of application, such creativity and to things uh from britain as well one of the first here to the headquarters i heard a signal that we had

to work on supplies today in order to have long-term supplies on a system basis we have to work with representatives of companies that produce weapons this is a complex business - this is a business which is subject to, you know, special export controls, various very difficult, long-term bureaucratic procedures for procurement transparency , etc. work already now with representatives of weapons manufacturers and let's carry out the transition of ukraine from soviet weapons to weapons of the nato standard , because uh, a conditional solution to the problem, uh, soviet-type weapons, it was a short-term solution for today, but in the future, if we switch to nato standards, it must to be aware of the integrity of supplies, the integrity of how we will train in order to be able to operate valuable weapons, and that is directly at the forefront of these ideas in

sumy, are british partnerships being discussed you may also be present at the meetings on that. you may also be present at the new challenges. you yourself said about weapons. now ukraine is constantly being attacked by iranian drones, that is, in fact, we can say that cooperation between the russian federation and iran is beginning, and plus, nato has also been monitoring the situation with the so-called partial mobilization in russia. these are the new challenges that arise during this war, are they now in the focus of nato countries and is it known how seriously the alliance is ready to respond to such a thing? by these events and what's more, the leaders of the alliance are of course from large powerful countries also work with other countries, sometimes this is very non-public, of course the work, you can imagine but in order for large countries such as india, china and others not to

support russia and this it is also such a very, very important moment to work both on international platforms, for example, now in new york within the framework of the general assembly, and at the bilateral level , so that we just cut off, you know, the moments when russia will be able to fill its gaps with weapons or technologies from other countries , that is, such work is usually carried out, and i think that what you know, the decision to annex the entire territory was supported only by north korea, well, that too. this includes the work to protect the fact that consolidating support specifically around ukrainians of ukraine abroad, eh, two questions, the first is how much the attitude towards ukraine is changing now. well, of course, at the beginning of the war, there was a lot there are ukrainian flags in the same belgium in brussels

, are there fewer of them now or not? i saw maybe fewer flags. you are right, but the same as me, for example. well, more like that. let’s say that during the first periods of chaos, when e. for example, many european countries and the government, they simply did not they coped like this, they did not understand how to properly submit social security, health insurance, what to do with children who have to go to school in september, etc. system, that is, for example, in this country, the government was able to come up with a certain model when it provides temporary housing to those in need, insures people with health insurance, ensures that all children go to school, for example, in many schools there is , accordingly, language assistance for children for adaptation or the help of a psychologist, that is such things are already done on a more systematic basis, because in the beginning

there was usually just a flurry of treasure, there were huge queues, people did not understand which conditional package they could count on, which conditions, therefore it is possible let's say that there is more awareness that ukrainians need to be systematically helped and that our people are ready to return home, but now and then it is also the responsibility of european countries to help women, children and the elderly so that they have normal conditions here testing please tell me the last thing in i have a question precisely on this occasion, what do you miss most of all that you left in ukraine, this is the family, that is, the husband and son, yes, they are here with me, but my brother serves in the armed forces of ukraine, my mother was left alone and of course. well, these are such difficult, difficult moments. but i will say frankly, i offered my mother, for example, to be here with

me for a certain time, and you know. this is probably such a part of our mentality. we love our people, our language, our country . everything and even those are available now, if only to live normally and calmly in their country. i think that this is our joint task. tell me, are you sure that everyone with whom you communicate that ukraine must win, and what kind of words do you use to convince those who have doubts about this? a couple of months ago, i heard a lot of such opinions that ukraine will not win this war and that no matter how much we are elected, we will only continue our suffering, even this was because we could not win because russia was a huge country with

a huge population of with large stockpiles of weapons, what can oppose the fact that the armed forces of ukraine have shown their success in the kharkiv direction in the southern direction, now i am not particularly convinced, you know, our partners now themselves say that they believe that we can to win and it is possible that even fate has determined us that we can resist in such a neighborhood is scary and plus what pleases me the most is that from all messages because we can win there is a desire to increase aid because we invest we help but we see that it has an effect the weapon shoots as it should, oh, the ukrainian military who are currently training, for example, in great britain , that is, the information is still spreading well, they simply show an extremely high level of professionalism and creativity in general in this

the western approach of the skill and precisely even to fight in the western way in a new way and these moments they certainly changed their position now very much on our side vitaliy i wish you and yourself our fastest victory and thank you very much for this interview and thank you for your work i crimea , i feel like a hostage for the last eight years, but i know that i am in your favorite photos, i was and remain mine, our meeting is a matter of time here, we don’t even need prophets, their faces, we will see them in the news,

you will not find their names in the lists of awardees, they are unknown, but unusual, they report about enemy positions put up leaflets and blow up traitors, they bring victory closer and because of them, the enemy has the earth burning under his feet, because it is our land. glory to the ukrainian partisans for several hundred years, the enemy kills, represses, arranges fake referendums to spoil our lands, that ukraine is an indomitable people and their steel the will to stay in kherson, luhansk, zaporizhzhia 3, keep the wizards

, you will definitely return home. glory to the heroes, together we will win. good evening, we with the marathon every evening in the 20s keep our finger on the pulse and summarize for you, the main thing is to watch the single news to the most important in terms of action, turn on the single news to stay up to date with the main leading channels of ukraine, together we fight and win in the marathon, the main single news, every day at 20:00

, putin on the dock in the international court, this is generally real as a military and political leadership russia will answer for the war in ukraine, crimes against the civilian population. fair trial we spoke with ukrainian diplomats, international investigative experts in criminal law and historians and talk about realistic scenarios of how ukraine and the world can bring to justice at the highest level those who started and are waging the largest war in europe since the second world war. and why punish the guilty after war, it is so fundamentally important for the history and post-war recovery of the affected country and the world, and in the recently liberated territories of kharkiv oblast, traces of hundreds of war crimes of the russian army, places of torture and executions of civilians, mass burials of people, these traces of violent death destroyed civilian

infrastructure, the institute for the study of war also predicted that the crimes that we saw in buch and other towns in the kyiv region will be repeated in other temporarily occupied territories, because this is the general model of behavior of the russian military. massive destruction of civil infrastructure i am sure that it is a similar situation in absolutely all cities that were temporarily located or are located under the russian occupation. as soon as we release , we see that the system is one and the same . how can karate for them understand the basic concepts of russia's actions on the territory of ukraine can now fall under the four categories of international law, war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and crime aggression, first of all about war crimes, war

crimes are serious violations of international humanitarian law, in other words, neglect of the laws and customs of warfare that were enshrined in international treaties, we are talking about the geneva conventions concluded a few years after the second world war, these are not the first documents that prescribed the rules of warfare, but they significantly supplemented and clarified by laws, war crimes include intentional killings of civilians and prisoners of war, their forced deportation extrajudicial executions using locals as human shields on the battlefield and pointless destruction of civilian infrastructure intimidation of civilians is most likely one of the reasons why the russians resort to war crimes in addition it seems that this is partly due to the fact that they have very little precision ammunition and therefore they used and they continue to use not very controlled weapons in the war in ukraine, they seem to be trying to compensate for the shortcomings of the fighting capacity of their military by simply dropping everything they can on the heads of ukrainians, we see not only direct attacks on civilians

residents and the use of indiscriminate weapons, as well as the resettlement of civilians to russia, the construction of camps there, and the use of sex as a weapon of war, we have already seen many reports of rape , and this will also need to be investigated. russians also use food as a weapon, because there are attacks on fields in ukraine marker laska has been investigating crimes in various wars for more than 20 years, now he is training ukrainian investigators to record russian war crimes in accordance with international standards, he observes such behavior of russian the military has already seen in other wars, for example in syria and georgia, and to prevent this from happening again, there is another important motivation for recording and investigating crimes in such a fundamental way, following hot tracks at the sites of shelling and to the occupied territories of ukraine, since the beginning of the invasion , ukrainian and international investigative human rights defenders have been actively working and independent investigators, they record the war crimes of the russians. on march 2, the international criminal court begins

its investigation, and in april, the prosecutor of the international criminal court will visit the liberated kyiv oblast criminal court, except for khan, after the liberation of kharkiv oblast, khan promises to expand the team of international investigators in ukraine, so in addition to the more than 40 already working here, they will come in may , we have carried out the largest field deployment that the international criminal court has ever seen, and since may we have permanently kept polova presence in ukraine in the prosecutor general's office say that since the beginning of the full-scale war, the russians have committed more than 30,000 war crimes in ukraine, but this does not mean that all of them will be investigated the international criminal court will prioritize the cases of military commanders and not ordinary russian soldiers, but if there are so many cases of russians that ukrainian justice cannot cope with them, then most likely the so-called principle of universal jurisdiction will work, that is, partner countries will help ukraine try russians, even though they are not committed crimes on their territory, the international criminal court works according to the principle of

complementarity, which in essence assumes that the primary responsibility lies with national courts, therefore, the international criminal court and the international community, by law, will first rely on ukraine to carry out such investigations. oleg, however, emphasize that in order for ukraine to gain the trust and legitimacy of the feelings of the international community, it must conduct these procedures and trials in accordance with international standards of justice and the region, i think it will work and finally, international judicial institutions, in particular the international criminal court, will focus on higher-ranking individuals ukraine has already begun to try russian soldiers in in may, the kyiv court announced the verdict of vadim shishimarin for the murder of a civilian in sumy oblast, in the prosecutor general's office they are talking about 8 more sentences for russians, mostly for looting, theft and shelling of civilian objects. but ukraine will not be able to bring the higher military and political leadership to justice on its own, and will

need help the international criminal court of the uaz and the icc in the event of a war in ukraine can consider three types of violations of the rules of war already mentioned war crimes and also crimes against humanity and genocide, crimes against humanity are systematic large-scale killings, enslavement , deportation of civilians, in the case of genocide, it refers to the extermination of representatives of an ethnic or religious group, however, it is quite difficult to prove , it will be necessary to confirm the clear intention of the russian leadership to destroy all ukrainian ukrainians, genocide is a very specific crime in international law and i think that proving it will take a long time. i think it would be important not only to focus on gathering evidence in ukraine, but also in principle, the directives of russian government officials where there is an incentive to attack and kill ukrainian civilians have been considered, for this, the help of various intelligence forces will be needed to provide such evidence as relevant documents or the interception

of telephone conversations of various headquarters where information is provided to russian forces about the killing of civilians , there are many other cases that need to be consider and investigate in the first place to reach this level and it will take a long time applies not only to this particular war and the impact ideologies it is increasingly observed in history that we no longer have him purely for the territory or to acquire resources, let's say ideology in the case of putin is his genocidal worldview regarding which countries and which people are allowed to exist or not in the case of ukraine he does not think of ukraine as ukrainians about a legitimate organization or a people, it would have some people not even worthy of an independent state according to the bloomberg publication, for the first time charges against the russians of the international space station may be brought before the end of this year, what is the advantage theoretically, the icc can judge the current heads of state in 2008. it issued a warrant for the arrest of the then

president of sudan, omar albashir, on charges of war crimes and genocide, however, the icc cannot judge in absentia and the conciliation court sits. it is more fundamental that putin and the russian leadership answer for another crime , the crime of aggression, i.e. not just receive a warrant for arrest and prosecution for involvement in war crimes, but bear responsibility for the the fact of the attack on ukraine, if we speak in legal terms, of course there is no hierarchy here, but the crime of aggression is called the crime of crimes , the highest international crime, and this is, in principle, a quote from the decision of the international tribunal in nuremberg, because it is the resolution of the war that leads to all other tragedies and the commission of all other crimes is exactly this, these actions, which consist in the initiation of war and the introduction of war, lead to the fact that war crimes are committed, which we see,

which are a separate category, let's say, and here is the crime aggression, it consists in the resolution of war, what is war, it is the illegal use of force by one state against another state, and the prohibition of the use of force by one state against another is one of the most fundamental, one might even say , a fundamental norm of international law, as in the law which, in particular, regulates relations between states of aggression is characterized by the fact that it is much easier to prove. the nuremberg trial lasted for a relatively short time, this is a very high speed for international law precisely because most of the verdicts were on crimes against the world, today the aggression of the russian federation is so obvious against ukraine, we have so many decisions, including international organizations, which record this, we have a key resolution of the general assembly, oh yes, which

is clearly recorded that we do not need so much evidence of saws, all of this is in the open, the act aggression on the part of the russian federation means that specific officials of the russian federation are guilty of the crime of aggression and the indictment of all the crimes of aggression against ukraine with that fantasy which we have today can be prepared in a few months for this optimism in international law, however, there is an obstacle, the platform on which the crime of russian aggression can be considered, the international criminal court will not fit here, ukraine and russia have not ratified the rome statute, the basic document of the court, and this is a musthave for such proceedings, so existing international the un court and the european court of human rights, but they are able to prove only the responsibility of russia as a state. however, they will not punish specific people, so ukraine decided to go for the simplest but effective by creating a special tribunal within which the political and military leadership of russia

will be able to be prosecuted for the crime of aggression against people. an international mechanism that will bring responsibility for committing the crime of aggression against ukraine, because such a situation cannot be allowed conditionally. yes, now it is all just conditionally you can think about how lawyers, er, that er, there may be arrest warrants against specific russian soldiers, let's say the middle ranks, commanders of some military units, now let's say terrible crimes in irpen, in gostomel , in borodyanka, in izyum, and there will be no warrants in the end against the representatives of the political leadership of the russian federation, we need to be able to appear on the basis of between ukraine and its partners or between ukraine and

international organizations such as the un or the council of europe. currently, ukrainian diplomats are working on that is, to attract allies to support the idea of ​​a tribunal. and although there have already been resolutions on this issue by nato and the osce and the european parliament, the majority of ukraine's western allies have not yet openly supported the proposals of ukrainian officials, with the exception of the czech republic, which currently chairs the eu council and called for the creation of the tribunal , which undoubtedly causes more confidence if this tribunal is supported within the european union or the council of europe or even a large group of european countries that would gather together and support this initiative so from a structural point of view point of view, it is much better to do it this way than if, for example, ukraine tried to do it on its own , because this tribunal will not gain such trust , the second point here is that in order for the tribunal to have trust, it will be necessary for several really influential countries to join it and support it, i think it is really possible the problem is that a number of countries simply do not want to create a special

tribunal for the crime of aggression against the current head of state for the simple reason that they do not want to face in the future what their own the country will be able to be punished for some similar actions. i think that the best thing would be to involve more of them, even because it will be the recognition of this tribunal and the recognition of its legitimacy, that is, if even more countries join it or support it, then there is a greater chance that in the future its decision will be accepted not only by our allies , not only by specific states in europe , but in the world in general, and maybe even in a certain sense in russia, if they see that this is not only about europe, but about the whole world who joined this state. perhaps in the future, a classic picture that pops up in the head at the mention of the tribunal, the nuremberg trial of the leaders of nazi germany, which was conducted by the

allies of the winners of the second world war, the demonstrative trial that put an end to the bloodiest war of the 20th century, a person from the few who considered, among others, the crime of aggression however, it is not a fact that the current tribunal will look the same, the fact that we do not know exactly in what format the end of the war will be recorded adds to the uncertainty will russia sign the capitulation like nazi germany did at one time? and if not, there is always a new problem. russia will almost certainly not hand over its criminals to international justice. the nuremberg tribunal is the main one. the following 12 steels became possible only because nazi germany was defeated, defeated and occupied by the occupation section for four years. in general, its statehood was liquidated only then restored in the form of two states, and the allies received absolute carte blanche to prosecute the germans, in fact, this period, although