you victory, we do not believe in our struggle, we are faithful to our victory, we are unbreakable on the air from washington, the program of the ukrainian service of the voice of america, time, i am yuliya yarmolenko, i congratulate the united states of america, great britain and france reject russia 's obviously false accusations that ukraine is allegedly preparing attacks with the use of a dirty bomb on its own territory , this is stated in the joint statement of the governments of the three countries after the conversation of the heads of the defense departments of these countries with the russian minister of defense shoigu in the white house, they emphasize that the world will consider any an attempt to use such accusations as an excuse for escalation, the representative of the us national security council, john kerbutin, emphasized that the united states does not see any signs that russia is preparing to use its own

dirty bomb in ukraine, the pentagon also stated that there is no data that would indicate that russia has decided to use a nuclear or biological or chemical weapons, an expert on russia and the us institute of peace, mary glance, calls it unlikely that russia will use nuclear or biological weapons, because it is not in the interests of putin himself. and if, in fact, i i believe that with all these accusations about dirty bombs, they are trying to intimidate the west into refusing to support ukraine and to bring ukraine to its knees, this is the whole strategy of russia at this moment, and not even civilian infrastructure, attacks on the civilian population and threats that sound like russia is preparing to use its own dirty bomb as a provocation, such a threat is aimed at intimidating ukraine and those who support it, predict 100% what

putin is going to do. it is almost impossible, but i think very it is unlikely that he will really go for the use of dirty bombs or nuclear weapons, first of all, because this will not achieve anything, they hope to use the fear factor from the rattle of these nuclear weapons and intimidate people into making concessions, this is putin's number one to preserve his regime, he wants to defeat ukraine, but his regime wants to do it. and he will try all these steps to achieve this. the use of nuclear weapons or dirty bombs will probably pose a risk for his regime, and he will not achieve anything with this. such a dirty bomb and what a potential threat it can pose to the civilian population, let's talk about it with a researcher on nuclear safety at harvard university maryana bodzheryn maryana welcome to the broadcast thank you for joining thank you for inviting maryana first of all what is a dirty bomb and how does it differ from a nuclear

weapon, well, a dirty bomb, first of all, it seems to me that it is not entirely correct to call it a bomb, it is a device that is superimposed on it, some amount of radioactive material is involved, and in fact it is detonated with an ordinary explosive with the aim of spreading this radioactive radioactive substance, let's say, as high as there are many or some other radioactive isotopes on a certain territory . this is the spraying of this radioactive threat , let's say, to a certain territory. what depends primarily on the amount of the actual radioactive substance and the power of the

explosion, that is, emissions, let's say into the atmosphere. how there will not be much of such radioactive, but some diameter, some radius, of the territory on which this device was destroyed will be contaminated, what exactly is the threat posed by the explosion of such a bomb or such a device to the civilian population, of course, it depends on where such an explosion will take place, let's say roughly speaking, we considered as specialists , the threat of such a device in the context of terrorist actions , let's say. a densely populated place in the center then of course the damage will be more from this uh well from

this chaos and pollution that will be caused than from some kind of explosive wave eh or eh or attacks of active and so on and so here it depends more to a certain extent, it depends on the place where this will take place, well, it is actually like a terrorist attack, yes, such a terrorist attack, it will be necessary to evacuate the population, create a border, then carry out cleaning work, but, well, in principle, this is, well, three weapons of terrorists, first of all, first of all, not a weapon of the state that is trying to achieve some military goals by maryana. how can you protect yourself from the consequences of this radioactive impact, and how , when such a dirty bomb explodes, what can be the most effective way for the civilian population , first of all, it is how to evacuate the civilian

population as quickly as possible to limit uh actually limit the contact of the texts with that place with that er environment that is polluted and accordingly be ready for that is, here the time itself and the proximity to this time of being in this territory and the proximity to the epicenter are of the greatest importance, my analogue in the united states is now talking about, for example , in the white house, which does not see signs that putin is preparing to use such a dirty bomb, how realistic is it at all trace trace certain preparations or are they really so obvious as preparations for, for example , the use of nuclear weapons well here it is difficult to even

imagine why russia would use having an arsenal of nuclear weapons and why and if she had invented such a very primitive let's say this device and filled it. would it be necessary in order to really accuse ukraine of some such sins and carry out such a sabotage operation because well, really, of course, there is a huge number eh, the resources of the premises in russia, a large amount of radioactive material that could be used for this, and everything, and here, of course, it can be easily enough and hidden by those prepared more than, let's say, preparations for a real nuclear strike but simply here, well, there is absolutely no reason for russia to use such a device, because it is an absolutely absurd step in the case of the use of nuclear weapons, and it is clear that it binds western

countries as well. in the case of the use of such a weapon, such a device as a dirty bomb , will this also cause a response from the west automatically to such use, obviously what is uh, such an act can remain unanswered, but here really an interesting question arises because until it is actually established who and how caused this explosion and terrorist attack, it will be difficult to calibrate the necessary answer yes answer what would it be mom, well, it is to be given, and that is why i think it is probably a task it will be even more difficult to respond properly in the case of using this own dirty bomb than using conventional nuclear weapons thank you

very much this was marjana bojerin a nuclear security researcher at harvard university thank you meanwhile great britain is preparing to get the new prime minister on monday of the 42-year-old rishi sunok, the former minister of finance became the leader of the ruling conservative party and, therefore, the next prime minister of the country , king charles the third has to officially approve him in office after accepting the resignation lustras who such a strong sunak, what does his election mean for great britain and ukraine? let's talk about it with bohdan tsyupin, who joins the broadcast from london. congratulations to bohdan. good evening, bohdan. let's start with the main thing. who is such a strong sunak and why was he chosen? fellow conservatives, not, say, boris johnson, elected him for sure first of all, because he is not boris johnson ah boris johnson and the british have already tried eh he embodied his main slogan

he embodied brexit eh great britain is now eh final eh and as some claim, it left the european union for a long time and now it has a very serious task to implement the promises of the conservative party regarding the success of brexit, and since boris johnson did not succeed in this, it was also unable to do more she got into a serious financial mess in 45 days in office and now a chance is given to a solution to sumik, who is obviously not only in his appearance completely a-a opposite to what borjjonsson looks like. he is also a successful entrepreneur and financier known as they claim

with his decency, honesty and diligence, he also today insisted on his modesty and truthfulness, which has a very serious , serious meaning against the background of the accusations that were made about boris johnson until recently, and in particular here i offer to listen to an excerpt from today's speech by rishi sumka, when he accepted, so to speak, congratulations on his election to the position of party leader, and this is what he emphasized, in particular, you find it is at confree the united kingdom is a great country, but there is no doubt about that that we have faced a serious economic test, now we need stability and unity, my main task will be the unification of our party and our country, because this is the only way to overcome problems and build a better and more prosperous

the future for our children and grandchildren, i oblige to serve honestly and humbly took off the day to bring results to the british people bohdan, should we expect that london 's support for kyiv may change during his premiership, everything is changing er, something unchanging may be even better because, er, rishi sunok, despite the sharp criticism of his predecessor boris johnson and the demonstrative resignation that actually brought down johnson's cabinet, rishi sunok paid tribute to his former he thanked the leader boris johnson for his leadership in establishing a policy of clear support for great britain regarding ukraine , the sumak decision, and he repeatedly stated that he would

continue this policy, that he would redouble his efforts, as he claimed in an interview in that it is quite difficult to measure the efforts to say whether he will really double or triple them. yes, it will certainly be difficult, but if it is possible to stabilize the british economy and at least maintain the level that great britain already has eh keeps giving aid to ukraine and eh being the third eh country eh in the world actually the third donor after the united states and the european union in general then i think it will be good i think it will be good although of course eh many ukrainians obviously wanted bohdan's increase would also be important. it is not only the position of the prime minister, but also who this prime minister chooses as members of his cabinet, if we are talking about

potential ministers, should we expect that some ministers, in particular the minister of defense, will retain his position and in the government, the decision of pike perch bendwallis 11 leading members of the conservative party, a deputy and a member of the cabinet of boris johnson and the prime minister, who lasted only 45 days in his position they consider him to be an authoritative professional. it is quite possible that ben volons will remain. in addition, it is obvious that the party in power has not changed. the prime minister has actually changed. there is actually a reshuffling of representatives of the conservative party already in government in the positions. i leave it to them to find fresh talents, but it is obvious that the possibilities for

choosing among them are limited by the number of conservatives of the british conservative party of mps in the parliament, she remains with us for a little more than a minute, so i think it is worth mentioning here what , for example, today, listening to some of the comments after e election or e-e appointment can even be said because the voting within the party was not a court decision for this position e, some even say that britain is experiencing the moment of e barack obama, i.e. for the first time in this country in a leading position on the highest elected position in this country will be a representative of the asian minority. it is still common for

people from these emigrant families to hold various leading positions. the prime minister will be the first prime minister for the first time. it is well known that he is a devoted follower of hinduism and religion. er multiracial and a lot ethnicity, and finally it is reflected even at this high level, it will be very interesting to follow how events in great britain will develop. our correspondent bohdan

tsyupan was in communication from london. atrocities in ukraine , this was stated by the minister of justice shama rickard, however, how is the actual cooperation in the investigation of war crimes between foreign partners and ukrainian investigators, and what exists there are ways to bring the guilty to justice, my colleague tetyana had a fortune-telling conversation with wayne jordash, the managing partner of the global writes complies law firm. we are currently hearing about cooperation with the un, the international criminal court , cooperation at the level of countries, etc., is the office of the prosecutor general of ukraine receiving enough international support? does the prosecutor's office also need help on the ground? assistance in the investigation in terms of building cases in terms of analysis in terms of forensics in terms of identification of the dead and so on despite all the rhetoric there is no great

amount of this support that is why i proposed and led a mobile justice team consisting of leading prosecutors leading investigators leading international criminal lawyers and leading ukrainian junior lawyers with experience in international criminal law you cannot investigate these crimes without good and effective cooperation between the three parties local prosecutors civil society and international experts need a public prosecutor's office that has professional skills in conducting investigations a society that has certain documents has access to certain areas that the prosecutor's office does not have and international experts are needed, who in my case opened a case against the highest political and military leaders, if you combine them together you have a chance christmas and the prosecutor's office do not have enough cooperation how to work your mobile group

looks like in practice, for example, a rocket attack on kremenchug, we come together with the prosecutor's office and help draw up an investigation plan between the prosecutor's office, the police and the sbu also, we come to crime scenes and help in investigations, secondly, we work on a strategy , we consider the investigation as a whole and determine how it can be structured, where we need to build capacity to be able to conduct this analysis, build a case against the political and military leadership in the kremlin, we worked with the prosecutor's office to develop this unit of specialized prosecutors that will focus on crimes related to the sexual violence of gadje pro how to prove the responsibility of putin and his close the entourage of the conquest of the crime committed by soldiers in ukraine, much of what is done in ukraine is the matter of the direct perpetrators, which

russian soldier tortured a man in the basement, which russian soldier raped a woman, and so on. you investigate the pattern of crimes on the ground you can bring the direct executors of the people who did it the person who had the weapon if you want to get people like putin and people close to the kremlin needs to start thinking in terms of regularities , for example, the commanders of the 64th brigade who were in buch can be imprisoned for crimes committed in buch, but you don't want to take him just for that, you want to take him for what he also did in kharkiv and kherson when you connect these different situations together, you begin to understand who above him can be responsible for the fact that he was not stopped, controlled or given orders that led to the crimes in buch, when you can establish a connection between the command of the 64th brigade and his as a commander, you begin to climb the chain

of command until you reach the kremlin. this is revenge for the crimean place. putin made many comments that are very useful in the criminal process. his testimony makes it absolutely clear that he largely, if not single-handedly controls the military. his comments indicate that he defines throughout the war, without a shadow of a doubt, the company of terror continues and this is a serious form of war crime , and the question arises as to what is included in this company of terror , not the selective missile attacks that we saw on october 10 fall under this category, but i also sexual violence, torture, forced displacement and kidnapping, there is a whole series of actions that, as i see it, are aimed at terrorizing the civilian population of ukraine, and the purpose of terror is to destroy the independence of ukraine, destroy its sovereignty and destroy the ukrainian identity, but

how to attract putin and his close circle to be held accountable in the courts, this is the challenge of our time, this is the challenge of international criminal law, and it would be wrong to be too optimistic about this, it is probably not about the near future when we talk about the likely regime change in russia that will lead to the new government extraditing putin and the suspects in the kremlin but i think we should consider the broader issue of truth and countering disinformation i am working to have people like putin in the courtroom but partly my motivation is to help the prosecution establish the strongest foundation of truth as to who is responsible for those heinous crimes compared to other cases of genocide and mass war crimes investigations in what the situation in ukraine is different. most of all, i think that the speed of actions of the prosecutor's office and civil society is a real difference. i think it is very

unusual to have such a level of activity so quickly during the current conflict. a large part of the documentation of the investigation of previous conflicts takes place mostly after its conclusion. i think that the second difference is the role of the collection and analysis of documents in open access, the work of organizations such as belinka is a new type of researcher who collects evidence in social media and satellite images and so on, this was not a characteristic feature of conflicts before, or certainly not to such an extent » fighting bees, a volunteer group with such a militant name teaches pre-medical assistance and battle tactics to soldiers of the ukrainian

territorial defense and volunteer formations , how it is facilitated by american benefactors as the name of the organization connected with mogs to small and in how many seconds do you need to be able to put a tourniquet on yourself anna kostyachenko and pavel sukhodolskyi will tell you a grenade right loud shots smoke from explosions and wounded comrades, tactical training for volunteer formations is as close as possible to real combat, the organizer of the training, volunteer nazar hrynyk, conducts such classes with ukrainian volunteers every week in the 14th and 15th, he took courses in tactical medicine and knew quite well how to provide medical assistance -pooh conditions well, in approximately such conditions, the knowledge acquired 8 years ago was

needed by nazar during the full-scale offensive of russia on the kyiv region how much medical experience did we have, we put doctors here they worked for a fast such a military vehicle, they took people out of shelling in the kyiv region, they went from vorzel to bucha, they helped . nazar chose the name of the volunteer initiative fighting bees in honor of the expression of his idol, the american boxer mogham, fly like a butterfly, sorry, like a bee, the poster hangs there there flyev lucky butterfly fly stan like a big i think o bee i say come on better bees bees are more ukrainian well, that's how combat bees appeared, e-e first aid kits made according to nato standards and their components nazar receives from the united ukraine american charity fund this the foundation

has been helping ukraine through voluntary contributions since 2014. we have been in a relationship with them since march. in fact, they actually supply us with tourniquets, er, hemostatic agents, er, phriginal tubes , well, that is, in fact, everything that is needed complete a first-aid kit. and massive bleeding is the number one wound at the moment, from which people die on the battlefield and civilians under fire. and this is also a wound from which a person could be saved if you knew how to apply it in time, although in an ideal situation, no more than 15 minutes should pass from the moment of injury to the provision of professional medical assistance, says nazar, but in real conditions, it can take more than an hour before a fighter can be taken to a doctor, so it is important not only to be able to

to provide first aid to yourself or your brother , and to do it very quickly, we constantly drive and read a course on tactics for extracting victims under fire and how to properly avoid getting into such a situation, and how to apply a tourniquet to yourself, because often under fire in extreme situations are afraid of one on one by oneself therefore, you need to train and be able to do it in om with your hands, that is, with your right and left hands and feet and do it for ideally up to 25 to 20 seconds because there are recorded cases when a person loses consciousness for 30-40 seconds and can no longer to help ourselves, in addition to honey, combat bee instructors teach ukrainian volunteers the tactics of fighting, for this they attract professional fighters, we practice deployment,

evacuation and cover, this is the most important thing in it, the most important thing . probably because there is nothing more precious to us than our lives. well, our motherland today is studying a mixed group among the volunteers without experience, there are also men who have already been to the front. why all these classes were created, these classes were created in order for us to be able to survive in order to fight tomorrow, that is, to preserve the lives of our brothers and sisters, to protect our land from the invaders, it is clear that special forces and all other fighters would not do this, they would not go out into the open area they disguised themselves more and so on, but it was just for show. that is, they just showed how it could be, how it could be avoided, some volunteers who came here for

training plan to soon join the ranks of the armed forces of ukraine anna kostichenko pavel sukhodolskyi for the voice of america from the kyiv region and this is the end thank you for watching voice of america in ukrainian see you tomorrow good luck take care dad politics economy culture sports technologies this is what the news looked like until february 24, 2022 today is relevant one topic is the war for the sake of information security and comprehensive coverage of the situation in the

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