and its very difficult. the ground is very difficult in donbas, so thank the guys on the spot, they are on the spot. we are on the spot, they are defending, we are working as they say, but it is very difficult, and economically, the city was more or less calm, there are literally a few houses there flights were repeated parts of the city offers almost all other assets well in the morning there at around 6 again intensification of assault actions in the direction of vodyane may day domestic so-called niger crossbow of the village that is, almost the entire defense strip around the city eh in the morning already under eh significantly small thank you, as it is now winter, will it somehow change the nature of the hostilities? will it not be of great importance to you in avdiivka, since it is close to

occupied donetsk? it is certainly being given signs. that is, it is certainly also the uninterrupted supply of artillery artillery shells there by the russian army, and so on. everything is secured, it is clear that it will be more difficult for our guys, but it will be no less difficult for our enemies, our uh, who already in the ninth year of the war have more or less uh adapted to such conditions, this is the first, the second is uh well, our equipment is much better and it is. it is true that there is still work to be done, everything is perfect with us, as we would like, but it is much better than that of our enemy. well, the most important thing is that this is our land, after all, we we didn't attack anyone and we don't need someone else to defend our own, but we won't

leave our own. thank you, hold on, vitaly barabash, the head of the avdiyiv military-civilian administration was with us. well, on this note, let's go to the notebook of economic news of the economy andriy yanitsky, ready and andriy vitay will tell them to us now i congratulate you. thank you, colleagues. today we will talk about payments from russia for damaged ukrainian infrastructure. i congratulate andriy nitske with economic news on the espresso tv channel, as usual , in the afternoons at 8-8:00 a.m. live in the evening at 11:00 p.m. repeat if you watch us on the internet you can do it at any time, and if you do it now, comment on this video, subscribe to our youtube channel, send the link to your friends

, family, so more people will see us. of useful works this was reported by the ministry of economy, the program was called the army of recovery, it is already active in five oblasts: sumy , chernihiv, kyiv, donetsk, and poltava regions. the first thousand unemployed people were involved in the initiative. the types of socially useful works can vary depending on the region. people are most often involved in strengthening dams, clearing coasts of rivers and reservoirs, harvesting of firewood, unloading of humanitarian aid, arrangement of basements for shelter, liquidation of spontaneous garbage dumps, landfills participation in such works on the part of the unemployed is voluntary, the payment of labor cannot be lower than the minimum wage, which is currently 6,700 hryvnias, in addition, such works can also be financed by local budgets. in this way, the salary can be even higher by the end of the year, one should not expect an increase in the value of the

cash dollar the e-e market, which is important for ordinary ukrainians, largely depends on official remittances and on the official exchange rate of the hryvnia against the american currency, it remains fixed for now, that is, 36 and 6 e-e per the deputy chairman of the national bank of ukraine, serhii nikolaychuk, told about this. he mentioned that in october, the dollar exchange rate in ukraine decreased for the first time since the beginning of the war. this was due to the fact that the national bank managed to solve logistical problems with the delivery of cash currency to banks there. now the average exchange rate is as of m -m the day before yesterday for monday makes for tuesday i apologize 40 e-e hryvnias 20 kopecks is a purchase and 40 hryvnias 70 kopecks is a sale khmelnytskyi and rivne nuclear plants suffered from massive shelling on tuesday e-e the russians shelled the entire ukrainian infrastructure

. as you remember, they recently released hm regarding nuclear power plants . megater general director rafael ros made a statement, according to him, during a full-scale war, all nuclear facilities in ukraine face risks, not only zaporizhia npp and not only chornobyl. i will remind you the day before the khmelnytsky station lost full access to the power grid due to a massive enemy attack, which forced the power station to temporarily switch to backup power from diesel power supply generators the nuclear power plant was restored in nine hours. well, economic news is not always about infrastructure, not always about money, and sometimes about corruption. the national anti-corruption bureau and the specialized anti-corruption prosecutor's office completed the investigation into the criminal investigation on the suspicion of the mayor of bila tserkva, gennady dykomu, about embezzlement in the

amount of 8 million uah 700,000. this is reported on the website of nabu dykom, who has been charged with violating the law under several articles, including abuse of official position and forgery of documents or the use of forged documents in the nabu do not indicate the personal data of the suspect against the snake , it has already been repeatedly reported that it is about the mayor of bila tserkva, gennady wild, his accomplice is accused of aiding and abetting, now let's talk about another topic with our guest, igor brokovskiy, the head of the institute of economic research and political consultations, as usual we meet on thursdays well, uh, with uh, uh, some exceptions, and we take some one topic to talk about, sir, and congratulations, congratulations. so, today we have the topic is payments to russia and ukraine for damaged

infrastructure for causing damage, but let's first understand the terminology, the definition of what is the difference between the words contribution, reparations, what words appear in official documents now. this is really not an easy kind of international legal problem. for simplification let's use the following terms: reparation is, as a rule, monetary payments for the caused e-e for the caused damages e-e as a result of, as our fellow lawyers of the international community say today illegal, internationally criminal, if you can say so, the actions of the relevant state, and as for the contribution directly, you know, the contribution is

of a kind. by our countries that controlled this or that territory on the local population on local economic agents in order to support their own army and precisely during the napoleonic wars it was an extremely widespread way of maintaining one's army, but it is practically not used, and the last thing i would like to say is that in itself, er, in itself, it is a reparation mechanism, it also consists of several elements, these can be the so-called moral satisfaction, that is, recognition on the international and political level of the illegality of their actions with all the corresponding consequences well, in addition to monetary payments, this can be the so-called restitution , that is, the return of property that was expropriated , that was in fact well, let's call things our own names stolen by the aggressor state, but let 's still use the term reparations as a commonly used term that actually covers everything we talked about today, and well, in the

press, i very often come across compensation. well, in principle , this is not a neutral word, yes, compensation close terms, because we can talk about the fact that reparations are exactly international penalties. aggression, other illegal behavior, and have there been cases in history when an aggressor country that attacked its neighbor was really forced to compensate for the damages? is this the first attempt on our part in history ? an attempt and uh, if we already mention the immediate history, then uh, it is obvious we should talk about the first and second world wars after the first world war, as a result of the so -called versailles agreements, germany had to compensate the victorious states and the corresponding eh

appropriate funds well, by and large , there were always political discussions around this after hitler came to power, uh, germany actually refused to pay the appropriate uh, appropriate compensations, the appropriate reparations . on the territory of the russian economic zone in germany and tried to force germany to pay its obligations, but it is clear that the second world war began and this matter was closed after the second world war world war ii, the reparations system worked in a more i would say well, broadly speaking, and in fact we can talk about the so-called paris agreements, the paris agreements, when germany had to compensate for the corresponding losses, now for all the soviet union and other countries, but in addition to

the reparations system the german allies also got involved, in 1951 the so-called san francisco peace agreement was signed with japan, the japanese agreed to compensate the damages to individuals who suffered from japanese aggression, but the conditions are primarily about continental china and other countries around japan, so to speak, where japan conducted its own military operations, in addition, reparations were imposed on italy, reparations were imposed on finland, reparations were imposed on hungary , romania, bulgaria, that is, practically all these countries that created the so-called hitler's army. well and in order to complete this short historical export , i want to say right away that until today the post-war topic of reparations is practically not closed, it is considered that germany has not fully fulfilled its obligations and that is why disputes periodically arise, let's say between germany and poland, that there was something unpaid, greece also periodically

raises this issue, so to speak , and it is very much so. finland is considered to be the only state that has fully paid its reparations. i will add that poland periodically raises questions about reparations from the former soviet union, and in fact, that is russia, which has declared itself the heirs of the soviet union, but as far as i know, there have been no such payments, how long can such payments last, and what sums can you refer to from your answer? even in the case of a ukrainian victory with the undeniable full support of the international, we will receive money from russia not quickly, but

perhaps for 20-30 years there reparations are imposed, two factors are immediately taken into account, the first factor is the scale of the damage caused, that is, what must be directly compensated, on the other hand, it is the country's ability to compensate for those funds, we can of course impose reparations in some cosmic sums, but we perfectly understand that it is also necessary to do in such a way that the country was able to pay them and here is another very interesting such example that we have n't talked about yet. let's remember it, this is a special mechanism for paying reparations of the so-called a special compensation fund that was created in order to force iraq to pay e-e losses to compensate for kuwait's losses during the so-called war in the gulf well, that's all that happened around it, so it's very interesting that this system was created in 91 in the 90th year, the war began, the aggression of the actual cancer against

kuwait began, and the last payment of reparations ended exactly in the year 220, in the month of february , when this special compensation fund said that everything was paid, so to speak. prepared the relevant report and this report was approved by the un general assembly why this is very interesting because the main source of reparations payment was the income from the export of oil and cancer under international control and that's why there were discussions all the time about how much should be taken 30% or 5%, or 10% it seems to me that the experience of the existence of this mechanism in our situation is more interesting. we would say more practical . well, to emphasize that it is not just our conversations with you and the un general assembly on november 14 adopted a draft resolution on the creation of a mechanism

to compensate ukraine for damages caused by russia , 94 countries supported the resolution against 14-73 countries abstained, what does this mean for us, what can this decision practically lead to, or will some actions begin after this decision specific movements are possible first transfers some kind of first tranche i don't think that after that there will be any first transfers some first movements yes today as we know ukraine is very strongly conducting very actively conducting various kinds of diplomatic e-e implement very active diplomatic efforts in order for part of the seized or frozen russian property of russian assets to be transferred to ukraine for such current compensation here, as it seems to me, this is more of a promising way, and in principle, the corresponding decisions of the same canada are made here by

some other countries that refers directly to the decision of the general assembly of the united nations, then this is actually a repetition, conditionally speaking, of the iraqi case, yes, that is, there is a decision of the united nations , by the way, this decision must be supported and approved the council, the security council, the organization of the united nations here have their own political problems, which we understand very well, but this is a very important first step that speaks of the approach of the international community. and around this international document, we can build our diplomatic efforts and work out some kind of mechanism . again, it is very important not only in the political sense, but also in the sense that forcing russia to pay can only be done by the forces of the international community. bricks in the future mechanism of economic responsibility of russia for aggression against ukraine, well , from our constantly visiting serhiy fursa and on calls, i heard the opinion that the

right of property is very protected in the world and in order to violate it, there must be some reinforced concrete, er, such arguments, and here that's exactly the decision i'm not the legion itself - this is such an argument when already in national legislation some decisions can be made aimed at paying compensation, do you think that we needed this decision even if it is still on the security council he we can't hope that they will vote for him because of the law that can impose well, if not russia, then china, for example, yes, you know, this is a very difficult mechanism. why, because actually today from my point of view as an expert , but still after all, the issue of reparations, the issue of sanctions , they are not very well regulated in international international law, and we can see this, let's say just on the example of russian aggression , the responsibility of the aggressor for what he does on our territory is, so to speak, the first problem and

the second problem when we talk about e-e sanctions when we talk about reparations we also must not forget about another type of reparations which i apologize for overloading with legal terms which is called restitution we must not only demand from the russian authorities to pay for those damages which are inflicted today in order to be able to rebuild our economy, social energy infrastructure, but also to talk about the mandatory return of property actually exported or, let's call things by their names, stolen from occupied territories and artistic values, the example of kherson and some other things. yes, this is also the export , let's say, including parts of the equipment of our enterprises and other material things, which russian aggressors are just uh, well, again, we return to this non-legal term stole from ukraine in the occupied territories. thank you for your comment, we figured out what and how russia should

compensate in the end, just a figure, i would like to hear from you what amount we are talking about now, since russia already owes us money and has caused losses, i heard about 300 billion dollars, there may be other estimates, well , there are different estimates, yes, the estimates range from 300 billion to approximately one trillion, but again, the numbers are different, there are our estimates and there are confirmed losses. i think work in this direction continues, and here we must clearly to understand that there are numbers of losses - this is what we directly lost and what numbers we need what amount of funds we need for our reconstruction and the amount of losses and the amount of funds for reconstruction they may not match ihor burakovskyi head of the institute of economic of research and political consultations was on our broadcast. thank you, mr. experts. today , we talked about compensations, reparations from

russia for ukraine, and other economic topics. on weekdays at 8:00, turn on espresso. watch economic news with andrii yanitsky. we will win together. no matter what ukrainians think about, no matter what they talk about, war always comes first, war is our victory, seven days a week from monday, monday, seven different spheres of human activity, sports, culture, politics, eight presenters expresso journalists, experts, opinion leaders in real time about the most relevant events through the prism of war every day author's projects naisspresso war raised its head again in europe, reminding us of the darkest hours of our history frantz 24 constantly

covers events in ukraine our team on the ground and in the studio will inform you about the dynamics more relevant events from franz 24 in ukrainian on espresso good evening we are from ukraine vasyl zima's big broadcast my name is vasyl zima two hours of air time until 21:00 two hours of your time we will talk about the most important things for two hours to find out about the war, serhiy zgoretska joins our broadcast, military summaries of the day and what is the world? of sports, yevhen pastukhov is ready to talk about sports for two hours in the company of his favorite presenters, about culture during the war , lina is ready to talk about other presenters who

have become familiar to many, maybe the weather will help ms. natalka didenko is ready to tell us some optimism, and we will also have distinguished guests of the studio today. volodymyr hryshko, if everything goes well, events of the day in two hours, vasyl zimi's big broadcast, a project for intelligent and caring people in the evening , naspresso. good evening. we are from ukraine. let's talk about the defender. well, listen. the defender of ukraine sees in the dark as if in the daytime he hears his brothers for kilometers around you can move quickly in any terrain, the body is reliably protected, which makes him less sensitive and more confident and looks at enemies were on the dragoons from a bird's eye view for 8 years in a row, you and i have been providing our defenders with what saves their lives on the front lines, our priorities are day, night and thermal imaging optics, communication, off-road vehicles, individual protection and technical means of intelligence, join the

fundraiser and let the next the night will be calm for everyone except the occupiers. good morning. may it be good for everyone except the occupiers, continuing the previous sentence. our marathon continues. next, we will talk about the bomb, oh my god, the bomb, the rocket, the bomb, the rocket that flew , it is not known where it flew from, russian or ukrainian, we are still figuring it out. well, we will also ask our guests who this rocket actually is, says president zelensky, who is convinced that it was definitely not ukrainian the rocket will come to us now serhiy zgurets, military expert, director of the defen express company. also, of course, we will sum up rammstein 7 mr. serhiy good morning good morning i congratulate you

actually, i suggest first, after all, with rammstein. so, what conclusions can be made, how much does it meet our expectations? here is this very meeting of the countries that help us . mark milli , high evaluations of the actions of the armed forces related to the liberation of kharkiv kherson were expressed, and it was said that these are actually wonderful things that the ukrainian army does on the battlefield and also permanent support for the actions of ukraine in achieving victories in the field was declared and in ensuring these processes it was precisely about the assistance with weapons and about the training of personnel and about the preparation of

defense-industrial complexes to meet the needs of other countries and ukraine without the united states and the influential, first of all, about e-weapons in fact, there were general outlines of the next package of aid from various countries, it is also said that aid from a group of sites from sweden with artillery means from canada with sets of e-e winter the order also e-e for help from poland from spain with inter-missile complexes regarding the training, the readiness of britain to provide generous training of 19,000 ukrainian soldiers on the territory of britain next year was very highly appreciated and actually all e-e issues related to ukraine's successes on the battlefield by providing as i was asked at the conference by

various journalists, including generals, mili, answering these questions, said that he understood that in the crimea, in russia, there is zero chance of that is to implement its strategic efforts , i.e. strategically operational, even russia's mistakes and defeats are already visible to everyone even now. perhaps it also makes sense to talk about negotiations, and he clarified the situation that he meant that ukraine itself will determine when to start these negotiations, and the united states' partners have ensure the maximum conditions for ukraine to have the opportunity to ensure its territorial integrity by all means on the battlefield, and the civilian population must be protected from responsible enemy attacks sufficient means of air defense, so in any case it is rammstein, it seems, it is not so loud. but ideologically, in its essence

, the owner supports the unity of all countries of europe and the usa to ensure our victory on the battlefield, mr. sergey . tell me, this is this missile which flew flew to poland and now it is being clarified whether i was a ukrainian who tried to intercept the russian one and in this way the russian one flew in after all . connection and no influence, it was emphasized again, first of all, that russia is resorting to the so-called horizontal escalation, that is, it is intensifying strikes on the civilian infrastructure of the country, trying to break the stability of the ukrainian people , this was noted by mark milley and it was said that the united states other countries ensure the provision of air defense systems and energy supplies for the ukrainian side, and when he was asked directly about what happened on

the territory of poland and millia, and this is the price they stated that so far they do not have any other data that would refute the statements and assertions of the president of poland, people, that this was most likely a ukrainian missile that, during the execution of a combat mission, entered the territory of poland, you know that president zelenskyi refuses to admit that it could be a ukrainian s300 and insists on allowing ukraine to investigate those wreckages, we showed some wreckages, in principle, it is possible with the fact that they really resemble the s300 missile engine. i think we can those that is in the public domain and i also know that there is such an interesting theory. i had a little fun with it yesterday, but it is less popular as a hypothesis in social networks, and i am taking this opportunity to actually

ask your opinion that it refers to the fact that someone i don't i know who was the first, but now it is being spread, for example, vysegograd 24 is well-known to the twitter public, and there is such a story that if you substitute the coordinates of the longitude and latitude of this village itself, where did it hit when the rockets hit and compare x- changed by latitude and longitude eh both kyiv and lviv hurt just about this whole place, that is, i didn’t believe it at first, and then i looked there by mistake in a few minutes, and it’s not very much, it’s several kilometers, it really looks like it, what do you think about this one, this one a new theory so conspiratorial that it's just that some drunk russian gunner entered the coordinates incorrectly and the missile flew in the wrong direction, do you

remember the investigation questionnaire called there murderers on the shoulder, when actually young officers there, the e-e of the russian army ensure the input of coordinates into these missiles, we see that these cycles occur once every two weeks, and this provision of coordinates turns out to be quite time-consuming, because it is necessary to ensure that every time the missiles are launched along a new route with new coordinates with new ties to the local anti-aircraft defense system of the pp system in our country is constantly changing. they are trying to find out. attributed to this probability, but the main thing here is something else in one way or another in the case of missile attacks according to such a scheme