depending on the region may differ, people are most often involved in strengthening dams, cleaning the coasts of rivers and reservoirs, gathering firewood, unloading humanitarian aid, arranging basements for shelter, liquidating spontaneous garbage dumps, landfills, participation in such works by the unemployed is voluntary, the payment of labor cannot be lower than the minimum wage, which is currently is uah 6,700, in addition, such works can also be financed by local budgets. thus, the salary can be higher by the end of the year, one should not expect appreciation of the dollar, the cash market, which is important for ordinary ukrainians, largely depends on official transfers and the official exchange rate of the hryvnia against the american currency, it remains fixed for the time being, i.e., 36 and 6 eu per dollar. deputy chairman of the national bank of ukraine serhiy nikolaychuk he

mentioned that in october the dollar rate in ukraine decreased for the first time at the beginning of the war, this was due to the fact that the national bank managed to solve logistical problems with the delivery of cash currency to the banks there now the average exchange rate as of the day before yesterday for monday is for tuesday i beg your pardon 40 hryvnias 20 kopecks is a purchase and 40 hryvnias 70 kopecks is a sale khmelnytskyi and rivne nuclear plants were hit by massive shelling on tuesday the russians shelled the entire ukrainian infrastructure, as you remember, is close. how did they release hm regarding nuclear power plants ? megater general director rafael ros made a statement, according to him, during a full-scale war, all nuclear facilities in ukraine face risks, not only the zaporizhzhia npp

and not only chernobyl. let me remind you that the day before the khmelnytskyi power station lost full access to the power grid due to a massive enemy attack, this forced the power station to temporarily switch to backup power from diesel generators. the power supply of the nuclear power plant was restored in as much as nine hours. well, economic news is not always about infrastructure, not always about money, but sometimes also about corruption, the national anti-corruption bureau and the specialized anti-corruption prosecutor's office have completed the investigation of the criminal implementation on the suspicion of mayor bila the church of gennady dykom is talking about embezzlement in the amount of uah 8 million 700,000. this is reported on the nabu website. dykomo was charged with violating the law under several articles, including abuse of official position and forging documents or using forged documents. nabu does not indicate the personal data of the suspect against the snake

. it has been repeatedly reported that it is about the mayor of bila tserkva, gennady wild, his accomplice is accused of aiding and abetting, now let's talk about another topic with our guest igor brokovsky, the head of the institute of economic research and political consultations, as usual, we meet on thursdays. well, with a few exceptions, we choose one topic to discuss with mr. vitaya, vitaya. but let's first understand the terminology, the definition, what are the differences between the words contribution, reparations, what words appear in official documents now. this

is really not an easy kind of international legal therefore, for the sake of simplification, let's use the following terms: reparation is, as a rule, monetary payments for the damage caused , as a result of, as our colleagues say today, lawyers of international illegal, international criminal, if you can say so, actions of the relevant state, and as for directly contributions, contributions are, you know , of this kind. well, i would say a historical term and for example, we can say that contributions were payments that, let's say, were imposed by the occupying power, by the invaders, and by our countries , which controlled this or that territory, by the local population, by local economic agents, in order to support their own army, and precisely during the napoleonic wars , this was an extremely widespread way of maintaining one's army. but it is practically not

used and the last thing i would like to say is that the reparation mechanism itself also consists of several elements, it can be the so-called moral satisfaction, i.e. recognition of to the international and political level of the illegality of one's actions with all the corresponding consequences. well, in addition to monetary payments, this can be so-called restitution , that is, the return of property that was expropriated , which was actually so commonly used and those that actually cover everything we talked about today, and well, even in the press, i very often come across compensation. well, in principle , this is not a neutral word, yes, compensation, reparation - these are very close terms, because we can talk about the fact that reparations are exactly international punishment. let's call it that in the form of compensation, that is, i must

compensate for the corresponding damages for acts of aggression and other illegal behavior. and have there been cases in history when did they really force the aggressor country that attacked its neighbor to compensate for the damage? is this the first attempt on our part in history ? direct history, it is obvious. we must talk about the first and second world wars after the first world war. as a result of the so-called versailles agreements, germany had to compensate the victorious states with corresponding funds. well, by and large , political discussions always revolved around this after coming to hitler's authorities, er, germany actually refused to pay the corresponding er, corresponding compensations , corresponding reparations .

the territory of the russian economic zone in germany and tried in this way to force germany to pay its obligations, but it is clear that the second world war began, and this issue was closed after the second world war. the reparations system worked more like this i would say well, broadly speaking, and in fact we can talk about the so-called paris agreements, the paris agreements, when germany had to compensate for the corresponding losses, first of all, to the soviet union and other countries, but in addition to german allies also fell into the reparations system. in 1951, the so-called san francisco peace agreement was signed with japan. japan was supposed to compensate the damages to individuals who suffered from japanese aggression. the language is primarily about continental china. yes, and other countries around japan , so to speak. e japan conducted

its own military operations, in addition, reparations were imposed on italy, reparations were imposed on finland, reparations were imposed on hungary , romania, bulgaria, that is, practically all these countries which created the so-called hitler's army. well, in order to complete this short historical export , i want to say right away that until today, the post-war topic of reparations is practically not closed. there was something unpaid, also greece periodically raises this issue and it is very i would say a difficult political and economic process here, the last addition is to say what about this anti-hitler axis finland is considered to be the only state that has fully paid its reparations. i will add that poland periodically

raises questions about reparations from the former soviet union, and in fact, that is, russia, which declared itself the heirs of the soviet union, but as far as i know while there were no such payments, how long can such payments last, what amounts can be involved from your answer. i understood that such money can be paid for years directly or even decades is that even in the event of a ukrainian victory, with the undeniable full support of the international community, we will receive money from russia not quickly, but perhaps for another 20-30 years there. yes, it is a very difficult process, and it is obvious that when reparations are imposed on a country, two factors are immediately taken into account, the first the factor is the scale of the damage caused, that is, what needs to be directly compensated, on the other hand, is the country’s ability to compensate those funds, we can

of course impose reparations in some cosmic sums, but we we perfectly understand what must be done in such a way that the country was able to pay them, and here is another very interesting example that we have not talked about yet. let's remember it, this is a special mechanism for paying reparations, the so-called special compensation fund, which was created in order to force iraq to pay er damages compensate kuwait's damages during the so-called gulf war, well, a little bit. the war began, the aggression of the actual cancer against kuwait and the last payment of reparations ended exactly in 2022 in the month of february when this special compensation fund said that everything was paid, so to speak, prepared

the corresponding report and this the report was approved by the un general assembly why this is very interesting because the main source of reparations payments were revenues from the export of oil and cancer under international control and just around this time there were discussions about how much should be taken 30% or 5%, or 10% it seems to me that the experience of the existence of this mechanism in our situation is more interesting. we would say more practical. well, to emphasize that it is not just our conversations with you, the un general assembly on november 14 adopted a draft resolution on the creation of a mechanism to compensate ukraine for losses that caused by russia uh, the resolution was supported by 94 countries against 14-73 countries abstained

movements, the first transfers are possible, some first tranches, i don’t think that after that there will be any first transfers into some first movements yes, today, as we know, ukraine is very strongly conducting very actively conducting various kinds of diplomatic e-e implement very active diplomatic efforts so that part of the arrested or of frozen russian property, russian assets were transferred to ukraine for such current compensation here, as it seems to me, this is more of a promising path, and in principle, the corresponding decisions of the same canada are made here by some other countries, as for the direct decision of the general assembly of the united nations, this is actually a repetition, conditionally speaking, of the iraqi case, yes, that is, it is a decision of the united nations , by the way, this decision must be supported and approved by the security council of the united nations there are political problems here, which we

understand very well, but this is a very important first step that speaks of the approach of the international community. and there is more to come around this international document it is possible to build our diplomatic efforts and work out the mechanism, this is again very important not only in the political plan, but also in the sense that forcing russia to pay can only be done by the forces of the international community. russia for aggression against ukraine, well, from our regular guest serhiy fursa and us banker, i heard the opinion that property rights are very protected in the world, and in order to violate them, there must be some iron-concrete, er, such arguments, and that’s exactly where the decision of the general assembly is, and that’s the argument, when already in national legislation, some decisions aimed at paying compensations can be made, do you think that we

needed this decision, even if it’s still in the security council, we can’t uh, to hope that he will be voted for through uh, you know the right that can be imposed well, if not russia, then china, for example, yes, you know, this is a very difficult mechanism. why because, in fact, today, from my point of view as a specialist but still, the issue of reparations, the issue of sanctions , they are not very strongly regulated in international international law, and we can see this, let's say just on the example of russian aggression , the responsibility of the aggressor for what he does on our territory is, so to speak, the first problem and the second problem when we talk about e-e sanctions when we talk about reparations we must also not forget about another type of reparations which i apologize for overloading with legal terms which is called restitution we must not only to demand from the russian authorities to pay for the

damages caused today in order to be able to rebuild our economy, social energy infrastructure, but also to talk about the mandatory return of property actually exported or let's call things by their names stolen from the occupied territories and artistic values, the example of kherson and some other things yes, this is also the export , let's say, including parts of the equipment of our enterprises and other material things, which russian aggressors are just uh, well, again let's go back to this non-legal term stolen from ukraine in the occupied territories. thank you for your comment, we figured out what and how russia should compensate in the end, just a figure, i would like to hear from you what amount we are talking about now, how much russia already owes us and caused losses, i heard about 300 billion dollars is possible and there are other estimates, well , there are different estimates, yes, the estimates range from 300 or

so billions to about one trillion, but again, the numbers are different, there are our estimates and there are confirmed losses. i think the work is in this direction continues, and here we must clearly understand that there are numbers of losses, that is what we had to lose directly, and there are those numbers that we need for which there is some amount of funds that we need for our reconstruction and the amount of losses and the amount for reconstruction , they may not match ihor burakovsky the head of the institute of economic research and political consultations was on our broadcast. thank you, mr. experts. today, we talked about compensation and reparations from russia for ukraine, as well as other economic topics. on weekdays at 8:00 you turn on espresso, watch economic news with andrii yanitsky, together we will win, watch this week's program collaborators, a list

of scumbags, stockholm syndrome, why russian business in ukraine earns billions during the war, these were mostly companies that were part of financial and industrial groups that, for example, supplied fuel was supplied to a pharmacist how companies are punished for russian registration confiscated assets are converted into funds that will be directed to our defense and recovery and how they are enriched in in ukraine, belarusian and iranian companies, every war gives birth to heroes. unfortunately for the helpless, in previous programs i talked about international brands that, despite the attack of the rashists on ukraine, sanctions and general condemnation, remained working in the russian market and paying taxes there, providing work and goods and services for these non-humans today's issue about how, despite the war, russian, belarusian, iranian business is making money in ukraine, we will begin with

the main enemy of russia less than 4 years ago between the annexation of crimea and the full-scale invasion of satan in human form told about the trade and economic relations of ukraine with the mordord ukraine is becoming one of our largest trade and economic partners trade turnover between ukraine and russia did not look at all the efforts of today's kyiv properties is growing it would seem that the war must completely reset the counter economic relations between our countries, however, the reality is different and, in my opinion, outrageous, according to the data of the ucontrol service, about 14 thousand work in ukraine of companies where the owners, co-owners, shareholders or founders are citizens of the russian federation, out of these 14,000,191 companies won ukrainian state tenders in the period from march to july of this year, the total number of state procurements was 1,800

, while the largest number of contracts, 535, were concluded in the first weeks of the war during march, while the entire country tried to restrain the enemy of the state structure for contracting the provision of goods or services to companies with a russian footprint for 140 million hryvnias, and in the first 5 months of the war the total amount of contracts reached almost one billion hryvnias , youcontrol analysts told us, these were mostly companies that were part of financial and industrial groups that, for example, supplied fuel to a pharmacist, mostly participants who started something that the country very urgently needed, also fuel itself, or were essentially monopolists for a certain products only in august, when the situation at the front became more or less stable and predictable, companies with a russian footprint stopped winning at ukrainian state tenders perhaps this was facilitated by the media publicity from our colleagues, and only in october the cabinet

of ministers of ukraine legally prohibited state structures from ordering services or goods from companies of russian origin in accordance with the amendments to the law on public procurement from october 12. legal companies will not be able to participate in public tenders and natural persons registered in russia legal entities whose ultimate beneficial owners are residents of russia ukrainian companies that are part of international groups whose members work for according to russian legislation, it is too late to drink borjomi, when a billion has already been distributed in tenders, on the other hand, it is better late than never. and the state has also begun confiscation of property and financial assets of individual companies from russia and their owners. and another 903 objects in ukraine that belong to russia itself as a state list objects are formed, it is hundreds of buildings, corporate rights, land plots and

financial assets, confiscated assets are converted into funds that will be directed to our defense and recovery, and these sanctions russia brought its ally belarus by the hand, it turns out that approximately 3,300 companies that originate from belarus or have owners there are still operating in ukraine, although the confiscation of their assets is not yet discussed . therefore, i think that in this case we will still have to work hard on our own legal framework, we clearly have evidence of their participation in this full-scale invasion, but from a legal point of view they are not participants, nevertheless, belarusian companies, like russian ones, when the smell of sanctions and

confiscations began to mask their origin , they reduced their share, they jumped between jurisdictions, appointing a company from the british virgin islands as the nominal owner, they made shares, but these efforts were not enough to hide from us in some cases it reached the point of absurdity, the sbu detained a fraudster who, for half a million dollars, guaranteed the closure of the criminal case and the resolution of the issue with the nsdc regarding a company with a russian followed by iranian kamikaze drones, shahed in the hands of russian terrorists. they caused a lot of trouble to our infrastructure, despite that, their entrepreneurs continue to do business in ukraine as before the war. by monitoring the registers of analytics, youcontrol found 863 companies with iranian capital or registration, which earned a total of 351 million 800 here in 2020 000 hryvnias of net income of course this is not

comparable to russian or even belarusian history but nevertheless their drones fly over our heads because of them the whole country has problems with light, and they work here even without any restrictions, so most of all they are refugees from the alikhamenei regime, iranians who mostly trade from fruit in the bazaar at retail to wholesale deliveries of grain to large markets of other countries. i have no right to give instructions to the helmsmen of our country, even in wartime, but you can take a closer look at a company with a turnover of millions separately, i wanted to focus attention on one more very important for us journalists and businessmen moments registers after the full-scale invasion ukraine limited did the operation of many registers that gave the opportunity to collect information in full for investigations and for business to check their current or potential partners, let's say not to

stumble upon russian, belarusian chiyran companies, and this information about the company's tax debts and their financial condition in general, register of movable and of real estate, the license register, the more information we have in open access, the better we can do our work. collaborators, write to me at this e-mail address or just on facebook. see you in a week on the air. espresso, death to enemies. congratulations, i ask for a few minutes of your attention and hope that you will help us in the search. please look carefully at the photo of these girls, they are two sisters, their names are helga and sigrida skrypnyk and they went missing , the girls went missing at the beginning of autumn and there is still

no news about them, where they are is unknown. unfortunately, there is little information about the warmed-up ta helga, it is only known that they lived in kyiv and disappeared 15 september, namely in the obolon district on marshala malinovsky street, now it is the street of heroes of the azov regiment, how exactly did this happen, were the sisters with their parents or with one of the adults ? so i really hope for your attentiveness and care , please look at their faces helga and sigrid have blond hair, helga has three years of age, and she has been warm for five years, her eyes are blue, remember girls and if you know anything about them or see them somewhere, call us immediately on the short free number 116 000 or write to the chatbot of the child tracing service in telegram, in addition,

i am asking you to tell about this story, share the video on social networks, your activity is really such can help to find the sisters, by the way, also according to the not yet confirmed information helga and segrid they may be in poland, so if you actually live in poland you may see girls there or that you will have some information about call them immediately on the number 116 000, please remember or write down this number, because 116 000 is the only european line for missing children that works in 28 european countries, so if you are in europe and want to report information about a child who is already wanted or, god forbid, you yourself have a missing child, do not delay and call the single european hotline for missing children on 116,000. you will receive professional help, support and step-by-step instructions on how to act in such a situation. we are also looking for

15-year-old yulia kurbel, who disappeared in the luhansk region in the city of severodonetsk, a friend of yulia turned to us for help. the girl did not want to talk on camera, but in a private conversation she told some details that may be important in the search. so, it is known that when the war started, yulia gave about know yourself, however, in march, when severe shelling began in severodonetsk, the connection with the girl was cut off since then, unfortunately, there is no news about her. also, we know the exact address where yulia kurbel lived, it is severodonetsk street gagarina 117a, here is the actual photo of the house in which yulia lived, and now i am appealing primarily to the residents of severodonetsk, if you happen to see this program, i ask you to come to gagarina 117a if possible and ask the residents of this house about 15-year-old yulia kurbel, whether she still lives there or

well, where and with whom she may be now, if you find out at least something about the fate of yulia kurbel, please immediately contact us on the free hotline of the child tracing service at the short number 116 000, however, at the same time, there is a very high probability that yulia is no longer in severodonetsk. moreover, at the beginning of march, when the connection with the girl was cut off, the evacuation of the civilian population was carried out in severodonetsk, and it is possible that yulia and her parents managed to leave for another region or even abroad, so i ask everyone to please look into yulia's face kurbel is 15 years old, she has blond hair and light eyes, if you know anything about yulia kurbel or where she might be, call us on the hotline 116,000 from all mobile operators, calls are free, you can also write to the chatbot of the child search service in telegram and at the very end i want to note that there are currently

many children who are wanted who have been lost for various reasons, in particular because of the war, for example during evacuation or in the occupied territories, photos of all the boys and girls who have gone missing and information you can see about them on the website of the child tracing service, please go and look carefully and maybe you recognize someone, maybe you know something about these children or where any of them may be, information please report to with a short free call from all mobile operators to the number 116,000 , let's listen to people suffering from rheumatism. but it's arthritic, it's impossible to get used to it, it doesn't allow you to move. i've tried everything. and at the pharmacy, i bought yellow dolgit cream. it saves me from the pain of

rheumatism , reduces swelling and improves joint mobility. in the wrists and back, the war raised its head again in europe, reminding us of the darkest hours of our history. franz 24 constantly covers the events in ukraine, our team on the ground and in the studio will inform you about the dynamics of the event and this the latest news from franz 24 in ukrainian on espresso russian peace has invaded ukraine and is destroying ukrainians to survive we must defeat the inhumans all together with the whole country mykolaiv teenagers from the public association of dreams junior