i think about how it should happen so that later there is no opportunity for revenge, because the world is so soon that it will not be decided, it will not be established, there will be turbulence, and no matter what decisions are made, it is obvious to me that the end of the war cannot be. for russia and ukraine, it will not be enough, it will be at any moment, it can be violated, it must be. well, it is possible that this is the form of the international conference, which has written very clear mechanisms of guarantees, but guarantees through punishment, reparation - this is not just, you know compensating you for your losses, reparation - this is an impossible thing, because there was no new aggression there, and every step must be taken in the fall, but

one conference is very little, we are all talking and saying it, the leaders of the ukrainian state are speaking, very respectable politicians are speaking, as in this hall, the whole world is speaking about the fact that the system of international organizations must be fundamentally reformed, the un , the osce, another organization that, according to its charter , was supposed to prevent the conflicts of war after the second world war. none of them succeeded in their task, and when will these changes or new forms of international organizations be determined, we will not be able to avoid finding mechanisms to punish states that will, well, that can at least theoretically violate those that

will be established by this time, these mechanisms of punishment do not exist, therefore, the kuril islands, then, and kaliningrad, kennesberg, another situation, and then when such mechanisms will be established so that no one can violate without punishment a cruel then the question will arise from what moment will the countdown be, so that to some extent my vote would mean the sixth there, i would say from the second world war, because after the second world war, humanity was finally the first to sit down for you to build an international legal structure of joint co-founding and the soviet union violated this structure and immediately after the war, leaving these territories behind, and especially with the new aggressions against georgia, ukraine and so on, i will add very briefly, with your permission, that when we talk about countries this it is very important, but i would like us to talk about

peoples. and i will explain why. well, ukraine is the birthplace of the international protection of human rights, because one professor of lviv university, rafal lemkin, is the author of the term genocide, and the other is the author of the term crimes against humanity , and the other is the author of the term crimes against humanity. lviv university, based on the researches of which, in principle , nuremburg took place, and it was born in ukraine, therefore, absolutely supporting what arsen borysovych said, i want to say that international, when we look at international law and at the border, we always have to talk about the freedom of peoples, too. freedom of peoples and individuals, of course, we should make it a priority in our internal policy and in our foreign policy as well. thank you to the participants of our panel , unfortunately we already have our foreign guests are waiting for us. we cannot disturb our schedule. you can ask for the following. i apologize for this order. mykola knyazhytskyi, people's deputy of ukraine, was with us.

thank you . we continue without interruption and now we have a special video address of the minister of defense of ukraine oleksiy reznikov, after which we will involve our e-e foreign partners, there will be an english-language discussion with the participation of david ketler, maryana burgheri, general veslipark, general david petraeus, we are now listening to a video address of oleksiy reznikov, dear friends, good afternoon at the beginning, i want to congratulate the team of organizers of the forum because holding such an event in the conditions of the hot phase of the war is a demonstration that ukraine remains indomitable and our confidence in victory is unshakable, the forum is taking place on the 31st anniversary of the referendum in which the

ukrainian people clearly decided in favor of independence, it was then that the internationally recognized borders of our state were formed, today when we talk about the goal of our struggle, the return of all territories within the internationally recognized borders is the first and necessary sign of our victory necessary but not sufficient after what has happened in 8.5 years and especially in the last 9 months, the return of the formal status quo will not be sufficient not only for ukraine, but for europe and the whole common world, there have been many changes, the bankruptcy of the policy towards russia, which was carried out by the leaders of europe, they themselves are gradually admitting, russia is officially designated as a threat to the long-term perspective, instead of ukraine, which has frankly not been appreciated, has proven its ability to be

a donor of security for the whole europe, just compare how the ukrainian army has been replaced in a year, our soldiers have mastered and brilliantly use anti-aircraft defense systems and anti-radar and anti-ship missiles four types of melarest 10 types of barrel artillery dozens of types of manpads and anti-tank guided missile defense systems dozens of types of anti- engineering equipment uavs and means of countering them radars etc. motivated and almost fully compatible army, which is the only one with successful experience of confronting the forces of a potential aggressor, let me remind you that the russian leadership educates its population in the spirit of war with nato and the west - it does not depend on

how the alliance behaves. demonstrative military cooperation with iran and north korea is not only about ukraine. it is about common values. will apply them against those countries that profess the tactic of not provoking the aggressor under these conditions, trying to save the face of the kremlin and limiting military aid to ukraine , illogically strengthening ukraine is an investment in the protection of europe from officially recognized threats in order for compatibility with the alliance to be complete, the integration of ukraine and some data exchange protocols into joint air defense systems as well as tanks and aircraft is necessary, and that is when europe is guaranteed to receive an additional 1,000 km of safe space in the sky

and on the ground, and the black sea will again become a safe space for free navigation, at the same time , the improvement of atmospheres in our zones on the planet is happening and will happen, where it is possible to exacerbate potential aggressors on the russian example will see that it will not be possible to satisfy their ambitions by force , the crystallization of the basis of the new world order will take place around this, the dysfunction of the existing international institutions will not even cause discussion, the osce is not even a matter of fact, even russia has disappeared from the un security council - this is a mockery of common sense , that is why the sign of our victory will not only be the exit on the state border of our border guards in the border region in luhansk region or in the european border in luhansk region and on the island of tuzla, this is also the dismantling of the nazi regime in moscow, and in fact this

at the same time, tenazification, de-iralization and decolonization of the russian federation, restoration of ukraine at the expense of russian assets, punishment of russian war criminals, including propagandists, creation of a system of guarantees under which the aggressor will have no chance, most importantly, all this is real 9 months ago, russian troops were 20 km from the center of kyiv, but thanks to the resilience of the ukrainian people thanks to the courage of our army and the support of our partners, we withstood and already liberated half of the territories temporarily occupied by the russians there are difficult months ahead, the enemy has significant resources , but there are more and more signs that he needs a pause, forget what the price is, and this is the best proof that our victory will not be taken away if we maintain unity and stability, if freedom, the world will be stable and united in the desire to stop evil, and it will happen thank you for attention glory to ukraine, this was a

video address by the minister of defense of ukraine, oleksiy reznikov, which i heard, now we have an english-language panel starting, which is called the victory of ukraine and the countries with victory, and we, uh, now we will hear a knife of all the members of this panel who are already in touch with us, where from ketter and nate assistany general frientacts and security maryana bourjelin here fell the international of the harvest canady school general westle work and even states amy forester general supreme lite team your bowmaster nation of the united armed forces of nato in europe in the 97th physical years and general nine antenna intelligence agence of leven wow commane fs angel come on to fall eh valeriya engineering in welcome

hair kiev security falling ah ladies and gentlemen congratulations you at the kyiv security forum, eh, we give the floor to david ketler, assistant secretary general of nato for development and security, the floor please, thank you for the invitation to speak before you today. language in ukraine regarding the inviolability of its sovereignty borders, this day the ukrainian people heard the whole world and now they are fighting for freedom and we see your heroism and patriotism when

you protect your country from criminal and russia's invasion inspires us all. russia threatens ukraine with hunger, darkness and instability , but they will not succeed. nato will remain with ukraine as long as necessary, and ukraine should have the right to defend itself, but we must remember that russian aggression is driven by putin's desire to disrupt the european security order. and cancel the post-war norms of sovereignty of self-determination, and he is now waging a war of attrition of ukraine to submit to civil critical infrastructure, they are trying to leave millions innocent ukrainians in the dark and in the cold, meanwhile, he continues his patriarchy with his nuclear

saber, undermining global security, trying to intimidate the five who support ukraine, meanwhile , putin made several important strategic mistakes. and fight in defense of his country, secondly, he underestimated the unity, determination and dedication of nato member countries and partners support ukraine , and he also miscalculated regarding the economic of the consequences of economic sanctions against russia, we see that the russian soldiers do not have enough weapons, not enough fighting spirit and morale, they even shoot some of them for violating orders, everything this obviously speaks of the huge mistakes that russian intelligence made by providing criminal advice

to the putin regime. so then he thought that he can defeat the ukrainian army in just a few days after 10 months he continues to see defeats every day ukrainians are brave you continue to fight liberate the territory from of russians and ah-and here the liberating cities are next to each other , including the recently liberated kherson but we should not underestimate russia, but russia still maintains significant military forces, it can deploy a large number of its soldiers, which makes russia dangerous this is definitely not full respect, but life people and what is what is the cost of war and russia seeks to inflict terrible suffering on the ukrainian people, examples of the latter are the recent massive missile strikes on civilians in the cities of ukraine's infrastructure, as well as the deployment

of active propaganda, it is obvious that moscow is governed by a completely different set of morals and rules, and all of these, including airstrikes on indiscriminate strikes on targets, and these serious serious skoda, which has been inflicted on electrical networks ee under the civilian population, and russia uses cruise missiles for these strikes, obviously it is directed at the center of the strategic approach to the russian company is precisely the destruction of ukrainian infrastructure and the cost of rebuilding ukraine will now be astronomical, the world bank has calculated that it can cost 350 billion us dollars and these attacks also indicate russian military weakness because

russia is unable to achieve success in the theater of operations to move forward and the indiscriminate strikes on ukrainian cities aimed at civilian infrastructure are a sign of desperation because they are usually all resources cannot achieve success, but the effect of this is the opposite, it only inflames ukrainians with a sense of anger against their enemy, and in addition, the lviv propaganda machine presented itself as a somehow fantastic victory but we know that the russian commanders on the ground know that the supply of ammunition is decreasing, morale is very low and the army is significantly degraded , the russian forces are suffering such losses that it is almost impossible to calculate and this will continue

. russia can not have a long-term peace. there can be a long-term peace . if this is the case, krasiya and oppression will defeat the democrats with freedom. it cannot be allowed that he then achieves his power using force, because otherwise, self-critical leaders will believe that their goals can be achieved by force. we know that any war ends with negotiations, but what happens at the negotiating table is connected with what happens on the battlefield. in this way, the creation of conditions for lasting peace must be ensured so that ukraine wins. as an independent sovereign state and it is in our own security interests to provide military support to ukraine , as the secretary general of the bucharest general assembly said yesterday, and

a decision was made to provide ukraine with additional anti-aircraft crown systems and as part of the comprehensive package of aid, provide fuel , generators, and it is very important to continue to provide weapons, ammunition, fuel, everything else that is needed, of course, support costs money, but in these difficult times, the prices of energy, food are rising all over the world, but we pay for it with money, and you pay for it with blood, there can be no lasting peace if russia wins, there can be no lasting peace if the oppression of autocracy is the winner of freedom, democracy, otherwise putin and other authoritarian leaders will think that they can achieve their goals of forces so i want to thank you once again for the opportunity to speak before you today thank you very much david ketler representatives of the nato secretary general deputy

for security and intelligence and now the words maryani bojarin will reach the public university expert on nuclear policy yes good morning. good afternoon to everyone. thank you for this opportunity to speak before the participants of the kyiv regional forum. i will talk about the nuclear end of this war . but before that, i would like to say the following. i cannot speak for the ukrainian people, but i want to thank from the bottom of my heart all of you from the united states, from nato member countries, from any country that supports ukraine at this time of need

, this is very, very deep. we are all grateful for this. so we all know that russia's war in ukraine is an ordinary conditional conflict, but it is to a large extent a nuclear crisis from the very beginning, russia covered this war with the shadow of a nuclear threat, this is a nuclear threat , bring up the need for time, it is very, very deep, we are all grateful for this, although we all know that russia's war in ukraine is an ordinary nuclear conflict, but this is a large measure of the nuclear crisis from the very beginning . russia covered this war with the shadow of a nuclear threat, this nuclear threat goes far beyond what is envisaged by the russian military doctrine regarding the possible use of nuclear weapons. this can be summed up in this way.

to use nuclear weapons in response to an attack against its territory, a nuclear attack, a preemptive attack against russian forces, as well as in the case of a layered, large-scale conventional war if it will create a threat to the very existence of the russian state, but in february of this year, russia used the threat of nuclear weapons to prevent the west from interfering in the war in ukraine on the side of ukraine with western aid, as well as for ukraine to stop its e-e counterattacks, many analysts feared that russia could use tactical nuclear weapons against ukraine and this risk is considered to be based on the extent to which ukraine won on the battlefield that treaties and the nuclear dimension in the war with ukraine

i would like to say for three moments, the first is that nuclear deterrence has proven its value for those who use it regardless of the nuclear distribution. the united states and nato have not, in any way, ceded aid to ukraine due to fear of nuclear escalation or some direct nuclear conflict by the media nuclear states. this is obvious and works nuclear deterrence and so after nine months we see that the war is being held in its original theater in ukraine with two, so to speak, firstly we are participants in russia and ukraine, but western aid for ukraine is extremely important for ukrainian defense, but it is

reactive ukraine asks the west to provide after a very thorough process of assessment and decision-making for each arms supply with regard to the potential for escalation in this russia does not dare to target arms supplies from the west despite its threats a-a but this indicates also, what could happen to a country that is not protected by a nuclear umbrella ? ukraine remained in a security vacuum after the collapse of the soviet union, and as we know from studying political science, a vacuum cannot remain free. and the west cannot fail to prevent a war in ukraine, the next question is how this security vacuum will be closed. after this war, the second point is

that the war in ukraine has wide-scale consequences for the global nuclear order, and this is without front the struggle of david igulyav and yakob to the side you did not take politically it is very difficult not to be delighted with the bravery and ingenuity of the ukrainian army of this society. its activity, but deterrence is also difficult, but it would be achieved and ukraine demonstrated this when it gave up the nuclear arsenal of the soviet union in exchange for security assurances from the nuclear states and the violation of these promises is just very strong undermined the trust in

western promises, but the conclusion can be that nuclear weapons in a military sense may not make sense because if it is not a big country, it can defeat a country that has nuclear weapons, but no one will be able to return these people who died in this war and this all if we do not talk about the material damage that pushed ukraine back decades and how it would be possible to warn to prevent this war and to convince countries that find similar situations regarding the security of ukraine, the answer will be non-nuclear weapons and not nuclear deterrence, it would be a lot without it would be much more difficult and the last thing i want to say is that the war in ukraine is a unique

challenge for the west and for the entire international community and the question is how to use nuclear weapons without the risk of a nuclear war ukraine is obviously not an ally of the united states, it is not protected by article five, but the violation of this taboo against the use of nuclear weapons, which has lasted for several decades, is not something that can be taken lightly, and the united states and nato have clearly said that any use of nuclear weapons in ukraine will have catastrophic consequences for russia, but here there are ambiguous what exactly is meant when we talk about these consequences , what will the united states and european countries be ready for in order to influence in russia, part of this blurring is actually explained

by the fact that this is done deliberately so as not to exclude any possibilities, but there is also a general difficulty in determining what the united states and european countries are ready to do if nuclear nuclear weapons are used and in order not to increase the level of danger and the world is watching , including the enemies of the united states and others who harbor criminal plans, i will conclude with this thank you for your attention, thank you ms. marina bonzhurin of the harvard school

the former supreme commander of the united forces of nato from 1997 to 2000, mr. generals, thank you, i thank you very much for the opportunity to address this form today, and you see my old acquaintances, in particular, general petresoy, i actually agree with what was said, first of all i , er, want to express my admiration for the armed forces of ukraine, the military of ukraine are showing extremely impressive results defending their country, which was brutally attacked by the russian federation, you are fighting for your land but you are also for us and we appreciate and are grateful to you

for this. my first foreign military service was in vietnam. after that, i served in the army for 30 years. i saw how eastern europe was liberated. i was in kyiv in 2000 when your minister of defense said that he wants ukraine to be nato, i have been watching this long struggle of the ukrainian people and i can only express my admiration for you, the war will end when putin sees that it is risky for him to continue, but the war itself can only end when the russian military they are liberating the entire territory of ukraine, including crimea, there are two aspects of the conflict that i would like to talk about, the first is the information war, it is very

difficult to win in the information war, but ukraine is doing quite well on this front , president zelenskyi is a great speaker, an excellent communicator it really fills with energy and er inspires the international community to support ukraine visits to kyiv by key world leaders is a very skillful step and should be made even more dynamic meet people communicate with they should see your heroic spirit, show that you are fighting for all of us and for the future of the global security system, and the more people will know about it and see it with their own eyes, the more pressure there will be on putin, symbolic in