where they were in different regions , it was very different in relation to language issues , national issues, cultural issues to historical memory, does this trend continue now, or has it deepened, or has it remained at the same level, or on the contrary, is there some kind of retreat? well, in fact, we have such two key points in the history of changes in the ideological perspective and logical views of ukrainians. this is obviously the beginning of the war in 2014, when, after the annexation of crimea, we began to record the growth of pro-ukrainian sentiments, although for 8 years in we were left with a pro-russian segment in society. well, it was concentrated mainly in the south and east, especially in the extreme east there in donetsk region, luhansk region, but not gradually, after all, over the course of 8 years, this pro-ukrainian position and the growth of these attitudes about westerners, let's say a certain erosion of these and logical it was gradually, and it

changed dramatically after february 24, because literally in a few months, those who may have had some romantic ideas that russia would come she will just bring order here, and she is so good, good people will come and maybe just change the order, they disappeared because of what started with, well, first of all, it was bucha, later there were all other crimes that opened up rashly to constant bombardments, even in, let's say, well, let's say for ourselves such ideological supporters, uh, well, harsh ones, who were pro-russian, but in such moderate ones, who may have had such, you know , uh, well, half-hearted ideas about our relations with russia, all this convinced them in in that regard, because the choice is between good and evil, that is, it is difficult to choose here, and it is obvious that we must stand on the side of good, we recorded this in the changes of many ecological markers, in fact, those who had such a, let's say, mediocre position, often answered that they may not know either or

somewhere there, ukraine should be like this, you know, between the east and the west, today they are all on the pro-ukrainian side, and we record the absence of these differences between the east and the west that currently exist. well, it is obvious that we need to turn a little attention to the fact that we do not have access to the occupied territory to the territory of the donbas where we also saw that there was a concentration of collaborators and there were many, so today they simply have no choice yes, but in general even in those regions where pro-russian sentiments were also recorded, they they are practically non-existent because mistrust of russia is today 101% and putin is 101%. well, we understand that there is the highest level and any centimeters towards russia have practically disappeared. ukrainians are not ready every day, which is an interesting phenomenon. even forgive this war, even the next generation, and we notice that the number of those who say that we will never be able to establish friendly relations with me is growing, even in the near

future. if we are talking about even 20-30 years, it is interesting what you say, but when ukrainians somehow dig deeper. well, let's say, let's remember ala pugacheva, who spoke on instagram against the mobilization, er, she condemned it all, and a lot of ukrainians immediately rushed to thank her, how can i say how beautiful she is, well, her act is beautiful of course, but when she did that, she was thinking first of all about russia, about what it is changing, not about the fact that russia went to war against ukraine, how is life in ukraine, and actually now, or is it six months before a full-scale invasion, too did you make a rating, your group made a survey where they were asked whether ukrainians consider themselves a nation with russia or whether they believe that ukrainian culture is in the same cultural space with russian culture, and then there was also an interesting distribution by region according to which church people go to and of course that there

for example, those who go to the ukrainian church of the moscow patriarchate, 66% said that one nation was added to the greek-catholics, let's say only 10%. they said that they have something in common with russia , but now there are some studies about whether ukrainians are still in the russian cultural space. are they still starting to look for something different than how they look towards the west? is it for ukrainians? all that is in western partners - these are the ones who should help and give weapons, so let's start in order, really, this research is enough it is interesting that they made public in august of last year, in relation to one nation, we were even surprised by such a high indicator. it is interesting that at that time , one of these factors, let's say, was the largest group that actually supported this thesis. and

this thesis was taken from a speech of president putin, about which he actually announced, and it is possible, by the way. it was the start of this campaign of the beginning of preparation, he was not for ukraine, as many analysts said. well, it is interesting that the youth then supported this thesis. and we, as a sociology, will explain because young people already live on the internet , they communicate with their peers, they listen to the same music, watch the same content from the very beginning, very often it is really in russian, now if streams, we conducted a survey in the summer of this year about how they changed their attitude to of russian content and gradually it cannot be said that suddenly, but still the changes are that ukrainians began to watch less russian tv series , listen to less russian music, consume less russian context content, this is true, not all of them of course, there is still a part of people who are still there, or listen to the relevant information products,

but still the dynamics that are being followed, well, let's say it is turned in our direction, and today, every day, it is becoming less and less of such people, it is obvious that russia is doing everything possible to hate it only grew and actually this hatred is, by the way, the key word spoken by the respondents during, let's say, the hole-in-the-wall focus or during expert interviews there, if we ask what they feel about russia, it is growing and it is growing, well, because not only in in the western and central regions, where, let's say , the attitude towards russia was, well, you are so negative in the majority of the respondents, it is actually increasing in the east and in the south, because it is these regions that are suffering the most from the war. and even today, literally during the shelling, we see that again after all, this is kharkiv - this is zaporizhzhia, which suffers from rocket attacks. i think that these people are not waiting for russia anymore, and it is obvious that their feelings are too stupid for this. the neighbor who

attacked us. obviously, they are absolutely negative, all this shapes public opinion, the process of, let's say, the consumption of an information product, it is still longer than we hoped that it will disappear at one point, but there is a positive dynamic in this, and it fixes socially about santa claus, they have not yet asked whether or how long ukrainians will consider him their own because their childhood or someone's youth is connected with this image and this fictional character. well, in fact, last year we recorded that the number of those who consider santa claus to be a certain symbol was already increasing less then, they didn’t have a full-scale invasion this year. even more people will celebrate christmas on two dates, well, the truth is that it won’t change immediately, that is, in principle, gradually, again, it ’s a process, just like changing such traditions, it ’s more difficult than just

switching the channel there, even more or just stop understanding there, listening to the news here, your people can orientate themselves in this, but it is there again . at least in the ukrainian tradition, their meaning is clearly growing a little bit, i can't say that this is a sudden change, but as they say, we are really moving in the ukrainian direction. thank you mr. lubomyr for the conversation. moods of ukrainians , and now the topic of santa claus, st. nicholas, christmas , according to ukrainian traditions, and new year, and what is a greater family holiday for ukrainians, new year or christmas, and why, uh, new year is imposed and the holiday invented by the soviet authorities precisely so that and why the soviet authorities hunted ukrainian

christmas and tried to exterminate it, let's talk about it with bohdan tikholoz, a publicist , blogger and cultural hunter director of the museum of franko's material mr. bohdan good day, we are glad to see you on our air a lot of ukrainians. i can't work with some numbers right now, but until a certain time, i don't know how it is possible for moods to change. this shelter is in lviv and she said that santa claus will not come to our children this year, saint nicholas will come, but many ukrainians still believe that new year is the main family holiday, and christmas is something like that somewhere in the west let ukraine celebrate and we can come and see why it is a coincidence or not well, in fact,

there are few coincidences in our life, especially when it comes to such rituals that structure our life, about the holiday in particular, you know once i was so moderate - wow, it's a holiday but there is very little holiness, the holiday turns into some rather sinful element of our life, and when we talk about the new year, it is precisely in the consciousness of the masses that it is associated with sins rather than holiness. it is clear that the new year is not an invention of the communists, the conditions say that only the bolsheviks and in the calendars different peoples of different civilizations introduction new year is celebrated in one way or another in the spring for someone in the winter for someone else when but it is clear that when we are actually talking about the post-soviet and specific soviet version the celebration of the new year, which is actually what we are talking about here, is rather i would say a sort of ersatz christmas for the godless, the rituals are very strong. they have great power, they unite people and it is easier to camouflage them and adapt them to their

needs than to fully feed them when the bolsheviks came to power and they tried to form a certain non-existent community, a single soviet people, they needed common holidays, and one of these key holidays was the new year. their militant atheism was connected with the desire for self-assertion, and therefore the denial of the entire previous tradition, and for decades, well, in the 70s, somewhere in western ukraine, let's say four decades, the new year began. from specific traditions, because it is actually an artificial holiday with artificial characters, not all of them arose out of nowhere, we talked about santa claus, there are two characters of ukrainian mythology and demonology, but he is very fierce, he should be feared because he can freeze you and turn you into a print , in fact, and you made such a kind grandfather out of him, why in order to displace the figure

of st. nicholas with something, this christian saint, moreover, turned into a figure, and also a sign of involvement in the great christian civilization, and in addition, he is very famous the character of all the children will bring gifts, which means that someone must definitely bring gifts well, they did not dare to make some red commissar with a leather briefcase as this character, well, they did here is this grandfather from red nose with clear signs of chronic alcoholism i think that now we are living in that historical moment when ukrainians are beginning to realize that, you know, without pathos, our chance for the future is our own identity, organically integrated into european civilization, we no longer have a side and a desire to go to all the grandmothers who we are supposedly fed with some kind of promises and the majority of ukrainians who are even children of the soviet frost who did not know what christmas is and have forgotten christmas carols, they understand that now everything that distinguishes us from yes so-called values ​​or scraps of the russian world, it makes

us stronger, it makes us more successful, and everything that unites us with this russian world and instills it with cultural practices, on the contrary, makes us vulnerable and weak, starting with language and ending with santa claus, they are bohdane, my own experience, my stepdaughter who studied at a kyiv school once wrote an essay in english such was the task the teacher gave about her favorite holiday and she actually wrote about christmas about traditions about 12 dishes about christmas carols about grandfather and so on when she talked about the fact that the soviet authorities hunted ukrainian christmas and tried in every possible way to destroy these traditions, then her classmates appealed to her, who said, that's how they say, why should we impose religion, we don't believe in god , don't impose this christmas on us with god, we are celebrating the new year now. it is, er, such a non-religious holiday

, er, there are also traditions, and we have not heard anything about christmas in those parts of ukraine. where are we from ? in eastern ukraine in the south on midnight, were there traditions, or is it again this soviet propaganda that worked well not only on the brains of the grandmothers and grandfathers of the mamivitats, but also on these children who, in principle, were born in independent ukraine, you know, frankly speaking, the broader problem is that our society, modern ukrainian society, is significant to a certain extent by a society with an amputated or perhaps more harshly imprinted collective memory, in particular national memory, and when we talk about the fact that children at school say that santa claus is ours and your saint nicholas and christmas with christ it's something like some medieval fairy tales, so they don't have this common modern era, that

's the consequence of this amputation of this cultural memory, the thing in rituals and in holidays and in the related practices and characters is not in the form , in fact, that is, not the knock in the way we dress the person who brings the children gifts, and it's not even a thing, in fact, in how many, how many dishes are on the table, uh , traditions are being modernized. in european countries, in the countries of western europe, they are also secularizing to a large extent, what i said above is related to the effort to bring back christmas, you know, this is such a religiocentric aroma, as much as it is about its importance for our national identity and our unity with the whole civilized world . now we have a situation where, roughly speaking, people who have forgotten their carols and

do not have their carols are fighting with people who remember these carols. the family had these practices to varying degrees, they were probably in different families, especially when they were victims of these ideological manipulations and their charges, the teachers there were forced instead of going to church on christmas there or on pacha or easter to celebrate the passover on the contrary to collect especially at this time, there is a meeting at the school there and for its students, uh, it is so strict to refuse to go there to carol or to cultivate some other traditions and so on, i am already silent there about party workers and so on, but you know it's time for us to get rid of this soviet church. i'm not saying that we need to go back to the past, that we need to forget that we live in the

21st century and cultivate those traditions that lived there 2,000 or 1,500 years ago in an unchanged form but no, this is not what we are talking about, we are modern people, but we are strong in endurance, we are strong in that we understand whose we are the children of which projects, what are our values, together with whom do we want to celebrate our holidays and why do we celebrate them why do we celebrate them because we want to get full i'm sorry tasty v to choose you is a little too much alcohol but not because we are a single family because we are a single people because we are a community that stands on solid ground and is independent, but these are the meanings of unity, unity , the population's commitment to good creation, the value of love, so this is a holiday of love this is a holiday of birth and love. this is important for us and this is the solid foundation on which we have to build our modern society, and when those people who carol

will defeat those who do not carol, then frost will definitely lose from our territory, and saint mykolai, you may not know such mines of the bishop. and maybe he will not look like that at all , but he will be our ukrainian dry mykolaivka , we are not waiting for him, you know, there is such a beautiful writer who has already died. chicago roman zavadovych e.e. ternopil children's writer well-known in ukraine, a little, a little, definitely included, or even included at all, although somehow some school programs or something, well, there, for example , 11 old leo, they gave him a little bit, it's time for everyone to carol, and he just has a lot of wonderful absolutely, a series about a woodcut, such small gnomes who live in the forest, they are gnomes, they have their own camp there. well, these are absolutely wonderful fairy tales. my child, for example, grew up to a great extent on those who said, and there is also an image of santa claus, he is there. he is present, but then i he is always an evil character

, he is an evil character in the ukrainian tradition, but what i want to say is that when, what, we have a little bit of a problem now, because we now have st. nicholas . yes, but we don't know now whether he is coming on the 19th or already on the sixth and we still have santa claus but he already came with the competition uh with coca-cola on his back he came already santa claus i said the late lubomyr huzar santa claus what kind of alec he said mykolaiv st. nicholas is not santa claus but in this whole story choose the right dates for everyone of the right character and when to give these gifts with the word is a difficult moment for all of us i thank you very much for such a question addressed to me i am definitely not the person who will give clear answers to all questions and everyone should do so i said it is a matter of public consensus in fact it is the question of our value orientations and we will choose what we want in the end. there are two more factors or not a trick

, which is also present here because we are dealing with the commercialization of holidays and here is this santa claus santa claus promotion, rather, this is no longer bolshevik, but commercial ersatz there is a previous christian cult, but i am not ready to say now what we have then or then, for example, a calendar reform . to celebrate christmas with europe or to celebrate it synchronously and with the one who is now our and in the end not only now an eternal historical enemy, well, this is a rhetorical question, but you know, god forbid, that this should be our biggest problem when we discuss these topics in ukraine on a large scale air alarm, now rockets are flying over our country, so are ukrainian children who are waiting, who after that nicholas? maybe someone for some of his ersatz, above all, they want what all children want to be loved, to have silence, peace, opportunities for of development to have full families where everyone gathers

at home at the festive table, and i would certainly wish for all of us to be able to protect our children, their dreams , their gifts, their sense of the holiday and that no abuse would take away this right from us, ukrainians, despite our disobedience , despite our such a polemical nature. so now more and more people are talking about the fact that ukrainian facebook doctors should be included in the list of intangible cultural heritage, but there is something in this, but we know how to negotiate when we feel a powerful threat to our freedom, our dignity and our love, we know how to negotiate and i think that we will agree on the date and the forms and the rituals , but what i firmly believe is that everything that brings us together , connects us with the traditions, practices, ideologues of the aggressor is for us poison, everything related

to the russian world, including santa claus , is toxic, and therefore, if we do not manage to abandon these practices, we will ideally join the barrier of world civilization for decades to come, as some kind of district of the russian world, you know i think that today more and more ukrainians are aware of this fact, so the impact of the holiday is important, but it is important that we do not forget the main thing in all of this, that what unites us is united on the wall and they have nothing to do with the values ​​of the people who are trampling our land is bombarded with rockets and our children are being killed, and this of course causes an absolutely understandable reaction, hatred is the fact that just before this conversation we spoke with lubomir instant and he said that this is what ukrainians now all have, this is hatred for russians to the russians to the enemy, which is projected obviously also on some culture to the culture of the russians and so on and so on, but i also

recently heard a very i think it is correct to think that what actually protects us and is an inoculation from the russians this toxic influence i absolutely agree with you it's not even hatred, but it's indifference. when we become completely indifferent to this russian culture, and by the way, one of the good russians . in general, he is a person who sympathizes with ukraine. it seems to me that he is sincere and has his own way, his own way, yes, but when lesya viktorivna, for example, talked with him, what brought him out of himself in the conversation, what brought him out to show in him some kind of, you know, such an imperial everything one thing is still russian, and russian is equal to an imperial writer and activist, it was sometimes said to him once upon a time, will such a time come when russia will not care about ukrainians, that he should live in his

country and in ukraine, if they are interested, then how country i don't know where they will go for tourist purposes or they will send their children to study in us, for example, our children are now going to poland, won't such a time come and he will simply be red and sparing saliva with alcoholics when the parents are alcoholics, well, if there were such a relationship sick people are seen, for example, what children say, they are ready to fight, to be beaten, i don’t know, to be insulted, but for relationships to exist, the most terrible thing is indifference, it destroys this very family, obviously, this is the moment i have a replica of this when talking about whether the russians will be indifferent to what is happening in us, i very much doubt it for the simple reason that ukraine in the status of little russia is a necessary element of their historical myth and their geopolitical program, that is, in their past and their future, and so far they have not worked out another project, that is no, their vision

of the past is impossible without little russia as the outskirts of the great russian empire, but their development strategy for the future is impossible without ukraine or whatever they want to call it novorossia some or that, as necessary, is a component not only of the territory but of the myth, and the myth is stronger than the territory than the reality, it often happens eh. that is, when they are indifferent to eh, well, eh, this possibility will happen , and not for this we need a great victory and a very large post-war work for a decade , maybe even for a century, i say frankly, if it were formulated it sounded when we border, we begin to live in misery, you know, war is like that. it is such a very strong and therapeutic practice that intensifies the processes of historians, sociologists say that during wars, some changes in social moods uh happen at a ten times faster pace than it happens in peace time you know hate bitch is disgusting without a doubt and it has nothing to

do with the spirit of christmas but our hatred now which uh tempers our strength and our struggle this is the reverse side of our love and it is a natural immune national defense reaction of our body and when you talk about indifference i would say it goes er not just write about some kind of interference with what is happening somewhere behind the railing i just understands that we are different, our path is different, our values ​​are different, and others do not have a body to what is happening there because we have our own here. it is important not just to be indifferent to someone else, it is important to find your own, and we have it on the surface, simple things that stand on cultures of various sufficiently successful peoples are said to never be unimportant: national history, national memory, national literature, national language, they will modernize, they must interact in the modern open competitive world with others

but it should be fair competition, it should be laws. i apologize for the free market, not the situation. i apologize for the rape. the relationship between russian culture and ukrainian culture has been for centuries the rapist's relationship with squatting. in fact , rape definitely produces hatred and never love. therefore, we must categorically stop this situation and to do his own thing frank was with us actually so that instead of the children being able to learn some carols now our children are forced to stay in shelters without communication now our children are asking mykolaiv from the estuary, a boy wrote a letter saying that he is asking for 100 packs of my war, this is mary of ukrainian children, and the children are also asking for peace, this is also somewhere, somewhere in other countries , it is impossible to imagine such a thing before christmas, there is very little time left, the

situation is developing with oleksandr, with us from kharkiv region, what is happening, oleksandr, in kharkiv region, because we know that now half of ukraine is sitting without communication and massive shelling is going on. good morning, if you can call it that, today kharkiv was under shelling, we literally heard explosions all over the city, according to my calculations, there were about 10 of them, we don’t know if it was an air defense or air defense, but it was clearly heard that there were such very powerful explosions for today, for today, there is no light in the city , e.e., the electric transport is not working, the metro is not working, the metro is working in bomb shelter mode, and everything, the whole

region, we are currently making inquiries in the region, the whole region is also without light, so the situation today is quite critical at the moment, e.e. at least is there heating in the city or is there a heating supply while there is e-e in those cities in that place those apartments that have central heating so far we do not have information about e-e that e-e if there is such heating for sure there is no light for sure very small the level of water pressure in the water supply networks and for sure in the entire region we have no electricity at all and we are waiting for rocket attacks because there are reports that they will continue today. thank you very much for

this inclusion, it is very valuable oleksandr skoryk to we were joined by a deputy of the kharkiv regional council, well, listen, kharkiv was the first to be hit, and meanwhile this massive powerful russian missile attack with more than 70 missiles continues. in lithuania, where russian planes are based in belarus, they can also carry cruise missiles, that's why this country remains red for the time being, deliveries were not completed, and explosions in other regions, but that's all you're talking about now you will find out from the news release melnyk will literally soon appear in our stage joins the community with a ukrainian view of the world become a sponsor of the youtube channel