[000:00:00;00] how soon will the doctrine of the russian federation on the use of nuclear weapons, when there is an ex-distance threat to the existence of the russian state itself, it will lose no value, it will not have any meaning as a thunderstorm because no one takes it seriously anymore, and that is why such a historian solovyova is so cautious , let's say so critically ironic the attitude of other possibly partially thinking characters of his studio to the demand to use nuclear weapons, but i have a pessimistic forecast that the russian regime may still use nuclear weapons tactically, this scenario is not worth it to completely write off the possible scenarios of this war, we all already see to a certain extent the split between the elites and the attitude towards nuclear blackmail and the question

of many. i don’t know how it will develop , but we will see this in the next year . i think so thank you vitaliy kulyk, see you after after after i think we will literally be able to see what will happen in the coming months cinema television port music education free people have a choice choose what you want on megogo across the field

through the grove mykolaiv is hurrying in his bag brings us guests, tanks, javelins, planes and mines, guns and cartridges, rockets and drones, mykola is in a hurry, pave the way, give the ukrainians a complete victory, merry christmas, happy new year, so that ukrainians don't think about anything, no matter what they talk about, the first place is still the war, the war and our victory, seven days for a week from monday monday seven different spheres of human activity sports culture politics eight presenters of espresso journalists experts opinion leaders in real time about the most relevant events through the prism of war every day author projects on espresso war again

raised its head in europe, reminding us of the darkest hours of our history. franz 24 constantly covers events in ukraine, our team on the ground and in the studio will inform you about the dynamics of the event, and this is the most current news from franz 24 in ukrainian on espresso broadcast from washington, a program of the ukrainian service of the voice of america. i am yuliya yarmolenko. congratulations, us president joe biden signed the country's budget for 2023, where, among other things, almost 45 billion dollars of additional funding for ukraine was laid down . the government budget reaches one trillion and

seven hundred billion dollars, and as president biden wrote on twitter, the law ends a year of historic progress , will invest in medical research, security, health care for veterans, recovery from natural disasters , funding for the act to end violence against women and extremely important aid to ukraine, i expect more in 2023, the president added to supply more weapons to ukraine, called on nato allies from toltonberg in an interview published on friday by the dpi agency stoltenberg says in the interests of our security to make sure that ukraine will win and putin will not win, meanwhile, the british prime minister will pack his bags, summing up the year, he emphasized that the ukrainians remain inviolable and in return great britain will continue to provide them with support so that they can defend themselves, the next year will be difficult for the ukrainians and when it comes to the post-war revival of the ukrainian economy, there are reasons for optimism - says professor of economics at harvard university, former

chief economist of the imf kenetrogov, one of the most famous economists in the world, in an interview oksani batratenko told how he was impressed by ukrainian agriculture and how ukraine resembles israel and south korea general forecast how the economy of ukraine will develop after the war i am an optimist because there is extraordinary good will towards ukraine, but the most important thing is that ukrainians return from abroad because it is not possible to rebuild the economy if they are lost the main workers are obvious, the question is what kind of peace will be, how many resources will ukraine need if it will be like the korean peninsula and every day i risk that russia will bomb, it will be difficult to return funding, we need a strong peace and i hope a decisive victory for ukraine, which will bring stability on the border and prevent instability that may arise in

russia, but there is extraordinary good will in the world . europe will definitely try very hard. on the other hand, she got a lot of fame. on the world stage, maybe it will help to recover after the war, but it will take time . there will be urgent challenges for the ukrainian economy next year, this is an extremely difficult question, i would like the answer to be simple, too much infrastructure has been destroyed , electricity, heating, basic things such as gasoline, diesel, we have to transport trucks abroad in front of ukraine, there are extraordinary difficulties , you cannot say otherwise. i am convinced that ukrainians are extremely determined to resist russian invasion and withstand anything

, but the economy is in a bad state, i think it is necessary to help not only the army, but to provide basic needs otherwise more people will leave and it will be harder to sustain the economy how important is export for the recovery of the country to survive the war of course after the war export is absolutely vital for ukraine it is a small small economy specializing in agriculture metallurgy sunflower seeds agricultural products of course there are other things including it too some medical products are becoming important here there is a huge potential and energy during the war it is difficult to export and it is necessary to import a lot especially because

that the war damaged a lot , if you look at agriculture, there is positive news , ukraine continues to grow crops , our research shows that 70-75% of the pre-war level has been preserved. but there is potential for war, it was going well, and now with the promise of joining the european union, trade with europe will expand and there will be many opportunities that did not exist before the war, great metallurgy ukraine exported a lot of steel, but according to the world bank, the bombings destroyed half of ukrainian metallurgical capacities, does this mean that the ukrainian economy will no longer rely on metallurgy, i think it is important to rebuild these plants ukraine has extraordinary deposits of iron ore, one of the largest in the world , of course ukraine will return, but reconstruction

will require money there are industries where ukraine grew due to the war, for example, the production of weapons in ukraine is trusted as israel what allowed it to increase the export of weapons is trust in medicine ukrainians have innovative ideas, for example in the treatment of burns and it will eventually be possible to export, but i think that the core of the economy will remain for some time agriculture and metallurgy, if they recently announced their intention to build a plant in ukraine before investments, will foreign companies be in a hurry to invest here ? after the war, ukraine was integrated into world trade for years, but still did not become a part of the supply channels like asia , but it has this potential when it becomes a part

in terms of direct investment, europe has a bad experience here. ukraine in terms of foreign direct investment was lower than neighboring countries in terms of population income. it is better than turkey , but worse than albania and greece, and everyone knows the reasons: corruption and the judicial system, for which zelensky became famous, on this he strongly emphasizes optimism in the fact that the war will change the psychology of ukrainians, people want to be in europe. and corruption is rooted in the soviet past and will be partly driven out together with the russian oligarchs, but it is difficult to change . look even at korea, which has become developed and rich, but corruption remained for a long time. this challenge is not unique to ukraine. look at the countries that became members of the european union for a while . bulgaria, romania, other former states of the socialist bloc had problems getting rid

of the legacy of the soviet empire. the economy is certainly bad, but not as bad as ukraine . because no one bombs russia, there are some benefits to the various sanctions against the russian economy, but china and india buy oil, albeit at a discount russia has cut off the export of high-tech goods, the economy will definitely slowly suffocate, and according to official data, the economy fell by only 4-5% compared to thirty percent for ukraine. i think the real numbers are much higher. of course, this is a police country. mobilization is underway, ordinary people are suffering greatly from repressions, both in and early is it a horror for north korea, but unfortunately, in such a situation, the economy can fall and the autocrats remain in power, we hope the world will force russia to peace, and

the ukrainians usually do the most and they will win however, when i can't say to directly answer your question, the russian economy is not falling so fast, there are sanctions, but they do not act that fast, the main factor will be the exhaustion of russian troops, this was an interview with the professor of economics at harvard university, the former chief economist of the imf, kenneth roguf, printed version read the interview on the voice of america website more than 100 million people were forced to leave their homes in 2022 the number of refugees and displaced persons became the largest in the history of record keeping, they say the experts of the organization admit that at the beginning of the year they could not assume that refugees from afghanistan, syria

, and venezuela will be added. where and how do ukrainian refugees live now? were they able to find work and are they going home? unfortunately for the other country, they walked for about three hours and here we are, he is the host from sin zone. my husband is in the armed forces in our city. it is dangerous . we are afraid for our lives. the windows were broken and the hole in the ceiling was solved everything left because the flashes in the windows are already visible that in 2015 the global forced displacement of people exceeded the record level set by the second world war, then the number exceeded

60 million and has continued to grow since then 2022 was marked by a truly tragic milestone which my colleagues and i from the un refugee agency did not foresee earlier this year that we announced that more than 100 million people have been forced to leave their homes and this number is growing every year. the largest number of people forced to leave their homes that we have ever registered first registration afghanistan syria venezuela and now ukraine the list of countries with the largest number of forcibly displaced people in 2022 for the first time in many years a european state added whatsapp 7.8 million ukrainian refugees in all in the world, six and a half million ukrainians are temporarily displaced in the middle of their country, this means that more than a third of the population of ukraine was forced to leave their homes . tetyana tarasevich and her three children are one of these

million until february 24, they had a happy and successful life in kyiv, ukraine . in principle, i had everything i could dream of there until the age of forty. i had a successful business , a good car, a family with plenty , a brand new house that oboloni, on which we just moved. my house is back now. it is intact, but the only thing is that the gutters for water are broken a little, but my neighbor's house, which is very close to it, was destroyed for six months. the family lived in warsaw, where tetiana, as a volunteer, was still from 2014 immediately began to help deliver humanitarian aid to ukraine. about this time, i went to ukraine 18 times with cars with humanitarian aid. it was aid for military personnel, for civilians of various types. in september, friends suggested that the tarasavich family move to america under the united for ukraine program, where the department

the united states created it specifically for ukrainian refugees, according to the terms of the program, ukrainians can legally live and work in the country for two years, according to the emigration service, we know that more than 150,000 requests were submitted in program ufo you and more than 100,000 ukrainians went through this program, also several thousands and many thousands of ukrainians went through the southern border and received status and a password, but for a period of up to one year and there were a lot of ukrainians who were able to use the tps program . here the status of those who entered here with guest visas or who were already in the united states as of april 11, if there are hundreds of thousands of ukrainian refugees in the united states, then in europe the number is in the millions , the largest number of ukrainians moved to

neighboring poland, you have a million, now we have 1 million ukrainians who came to us after february 24, but we also have 1 million ukrainians who came to poland before the start of the war in february , because after the annexation of crimea in 2014, poland decided to open the labor market for ukrainians and then in many people went, there were also many ukrainian refugees in germany , the czech republic, italy, great britain, the majority left their native country in the first months of the war. we understand very clearly that in our country 8, about 5% of those who left are women and children. i saw the distribution somewhere around 40% of children and 40% of women are equally pregnant, many ukrainian women now live in poland and other eastern european countries, often not only with their own children, but with the children of relatives or friends, if all the household chores and worrying about several children up to 10 years old fall on the woman it is very difficult to find a job, however, according to polish

experts, 55% of ukrainian refugees are already employed in the country, we scientists assumed that in six months only 30% of ukrainians will find a job, but the numbers are much better now, moreover, the contribution of ukrainians to the economy of poland is practically the same the same as the country's expenses for the provision of refugees, the center of statistics, the central statistical office of poland published very interesting data on how much ukrainians pay in taxes and social deductions , it is 10 billion zlotys, it spent 5 billion zlotys as social assistance, of course, the country also pays for access to school education, medical care, etc. i think that budget receipts and expenses are somewhere at the same level . ukrainians in poland are a great example of how refugees can benefit the country that

accepted them, provided that the displaced give an opportunity to work legally and integrate into a new environment, voon prefidist say refugees. they leave their country so quickly that they often don't even have time to take basic things, but they always have their academic degrees and professional skills that can help the economy. that's why you shouldn't consider refugees as a burden, experts say despite the energy crisis in ukraine , they do not expect a new mass wave of refugees . russia's targeted shelling of ukraine's vital infrastructure began in october. and since then during the time queues at the border did not appear in terms of the number of border crossings, nothing happened, i specifically took the data for the last two months, including well up to the beginning of october, before the first such massive shelling took place and it already happened, i brought you all the dates directly when they took place, they did a regression analysis that has no effect on the movement of e -e abroad to count how many ukrainians have already

returned or are going to return to ukraine now it is difficult due to the proximity of the countries , refugees can go home and back several times but experts admit that a longer war immigrants are growing more into a new life, and ukraine will have to make a lot of effort to convince its citizens that it is better at home, but for tetyana tarasovych, this issue has already been resolved. i will not need these two years .

on this day, the musician could think how to help a peculiar country and the city where she was born kharkov, with the support of the american composer lewis spartan , nadiya decided to dedicate an album to ukraine, which she called invasion, that is , to support ukrainians financially. for herself, this year she decided to learn ukrainian, which she had never spoken with a pianist, she spoke to christ on shevchenko , nadiya shpichenko, a well-known pianist who has been for two years that's why she received a grammy and became a sensation in the ukrainian media space. she spent february 24 in tears. the russian invasion happened on her birthday, and

the most painful thing was seeing her native kharkiv, where she spent her childhood, being bombed. that all these places were destroyed , the places where i grew up, to which i was attached, for example , the opera house was smashed to pieces and it was there that i played her first big concert with the philogram orchestra when i was 12 years old. my family is also there. my dad was there for a whole month and he had to flee from kharkiv. nadiya decided to help ukraine for the first time on the day of the war with what she knows best in music. the war started we talked on the same day and he decided to write a long essay about the war he had a lot of anger and wanted to express his feelings

i thought it would be great because if he writes a long essay about the war we can to record an album that will benefit ukrainians, so she created an invasion album of 13 compositions about the war. nadiya also involved artists from ukraine in the project and asked them to draw illustrations of their impressions of the war and the music in the album. this is how the video installation turned out. nadiya began to regularly organize concerts from the collection funds together with other musicians of ukrainian origin, so at one of them more than 45 thousand dollars was collected, also a musician who left ukraine in 1991 and

never spoke ukrainian began to teach ukrainian language and culture the war started i started to study history i listen to timati snyder's course of lectures at yale university and i learned so much about the history of ukraine and learned how ukrainians were oppressed and how the ukrainian language was banned now i use dowling which offers basic ukrainian i understand it pretty well so far that i haven't started talking, but i feel that i'm ready to start, the musician also dyed her hair yellow-blue, i thought

why not dye her hair blue-yellow because my hair is my trademark when i won the grammy i had blue hair i had purple red hair i was interested in experimenting then i decided to have blue-yellow hair this is my message to everyone all proceeds from the sale of the invasion album nadiya shpachenko promises to donate to help to the ukrainian army, khrystyna and bohdan shevchenko, pomona, california, voice of america , do you think we are going to continue the release ? the day before, in time square in new york , we said goodbye to 2022 and symbolically

got rid of everything that we do not want to carry into the year 2023 is the so-called good riddens day, which can be translated as “good riddens day” for the 16th year in a row. many people said that in addition to student debts, diseases and harmful plastic in 2023, they do not want to see russian aggression against ukraine, this is what you want to get rid of next year, i have a list and three points in it: russian attack to ukraine, the spring semester at the university and the increase in the number of star deaths covid because i want everyone to be healthy and war i hope for the best for our

soldiers around the world who protect everyone and i want the war in ukraine to end this you want to get rid of what was the worst a a-a hate russian hatred of ukrainians oh against russian aggressive aggression with their endurance and indomitable spirit on the last day of 2022 my colleagues maria ulyanovska and kostiantyn golubchyk asked in americans, what did they learn about ukrainians this year and what do they wish for them in the next year? ukraine was undoubtedly one of the main news topics in the united states. americans finally relearned how to speak ukrainian and learned how to write not only kyiv, but also kharkiv, kherson and zaporizhia. you keep asking us how it is here. treat ukraine, and on the eve of the new year, we asked americans what new things they

learned about ukraine this year and what they wish for ukrainians in 2023. terrible circumstances and i root for them. i hope the war will end as soon as possible and ukrainians will be able to continue living their usual happy lives. usually people knew something about the countries of eastern europe, but i am sure that the whole world now knows about ukraine . i tried to understand why this war is happening and i was surprised and as there are many other conflicts in certain regions that we do not know about. i was also impressed by the story of the president of ukraine, he spoke here in the congress. a week ago, in his military clothes , he chooses peace for his people, it is incredible that he is just a famous actor as he ended up in politics at such a time, we wish

ukrainians good health and luck and i hope it will all end soon so that the war really ends and peace comes to the region dale ukrainians got a very difficult neighbor but they are very brave and stable in this war and i hope that they will not give up and win it, i learned that ukraine has a great president . he is respectful and knows a lot. ukrainians are a very strong people. but we all saw that they need our support. i wish you to remain the same strong and in the future. unfortunately for myself, most of what i know about ukraine is related to the war, but i am amazed at how strong ukrainians are, how they endure what is happening. i really hope that this conflict will end soon. so that ukrainians

don't suffer anymore, it works. do you want it? i wish something to the ukrainians. but i don’t watch the news. it’s boring. they will show it on tv. i didn’t learn anything new because i don’t watch the news , but i know that the russians are doing terrible things and killing civilians. i hope that ukraine will win. the main thing is that the struggle in ukraine it continues, it also affects our lives here, we have ukrainian friends, this war also affects us economically, i hope that the year 2023 will bring some kind of peace text to us ukrainians . i know that ukraine was attacked by russia and people are suffering because of this unprovoked aggression , but i am proud of the ukrainians who fight so courageously against the invaders, i hope they will win this war and rebuild their country anew tv every time i turn on the tv there is something about ukraine, of course after the collapse of