they don't realize that putin won't stop after conquering ukraine, they don't have such a vision, they see the scenario like korea, that is, there is something, donbas is crimea . on the contrary, the peaceful ukrainian population will be killed, a political scientist professor at the regensburg university of matches says that a significant factor in the attitude of germans to russia is also historical memory, it is difficult for local residents to admit that russia is already lost the war with ukraine because the soviet union, which the germans associate with the russian federation , won the second world war. moreover, the germans feel a collective guilt towards the russian federation because they consider it the main victim of the biggest war of the last century, and they treat ukraine as a former russian colony. the germans do not know the eastern in europe , there is a constantly present fantasy about great russia and small states, etc., the school is hopeless,

the school does not teach this at all, the german school, when it comes to humanities, is terribly weak, it’s just that the germans do not know geography europeans do not know the history of europe . the german media, which portrays the situation in ukraine in a very general way, does not know what is happening at the front and what challenges our country is facing. the lack of understanding of the situation is completely on the understanding of the situation. this is also very important. the germans have no idea about this situation, about the fact that the ukrainian army is currently underinvested and now needs weapons, this means that the end of the war can be accelerated if ukraine is given more heavy weapons the germans do not understand this at all, and the media confuses them even more, according to experts ,

religion also has a significant influence on public views, the clergy are against the supply of weapons to ukraine, and the faithful adopt their views, catholics are guided by the vatican's policy, and protestants are guided by their comfort , ukrainians, they prevent them from living comfortably in their future it was comfortable to buy cheap russian gas, it was comfortable for them to receive corruption money from putin. therefore, now they perceive that this war prevents them from living normally, and this is how this religious factor it is really very important, all these factors form a common opinion, although the attitude towards russia among the population of germany has been changing rapidly in recent months, but still the majority of germans do not support the transfer of heavy weapons that would help the ukrainians to defeat the enemy faster olga dudko from germany for the espresso tv channel espresso tv channel and now we will talk to you with a diplomat , public figure, writer, former

ambassador of ukraine to israel and the united states of america, canada and the first minister of defense the environment of independent ukraine yurii shcherbakom congratulations to yurii it is planned i wanted to ask you, uh, not even about politics, but about literature at the beginning of your conversation, you created your utopia about the death of the christians, you now feel that it has already been implemented, you know i once spoke with your late colleague, the russian classicist volodymyr voynovich, and i told him that his novel moscow 2042 had already practically come to life in russia. when you see russian reality, it's as if you're reading it. this book. and you feel that your literary utopia is quite enough. i would say gothic, which seemed never to be realized. it is simply becoming real life before our eyes. you know me when i reread this trilogy. i myself am afraid of it. i

shudder. i spent a lot of time there, reading that russia is preparing an attack through belarus, uh, on ukraine, that means to cut the roads from lviv to kyiv, uh, and i was scared because, well, this is really happening, uh, then the war began in the luhansk region and yes then there are terrible things, so i don’t know where it came from the sky, probably from god, and these currents or ideas went, but that’s how it was . unfortunately, unfortunately, if you have such a literary intuition, maybe you can say how will the situation develop? well, i won’t take you, you know, vitaly, i separate literature ,

uh , and my fantasies. they are not responsible for anything at all, and in that case i try to be more realistic i am so down-to-earth and that is why i am afraid to make predictions. i can only say one thing that ukraine received two or three strategic victories. unfortunately, at the cost of enormous suffering, destruction, blood, losses, but first of all, in my opinion, ukraine has thrown russia behind the pyramids of those the super superpowers boasted and tried to belong to russia, the first was just now, after 11 months of war, the myth of the

pro-russian army and the russian state has been completely dispelled, and this is a huge psychological and moral victory for ukraine, the second victory of russia, in fact eliminated from the world of big business and actually the energy business. it is simply amazing that in a year the states were able to free themselves from dependence on russian oil and gas . at the beginning of the war today it supplies a pitiful 16 billion e-e cubes to china at cut-price prices and has completely lost the european market this is the second huge victory but there is one more victory which we have not yet

achieved this is military this is on the battlefield will finally decide the fate of russia and this is a very serious challenge. we must take this very seriously. it is not a hat of traitors. do not listen to the whips and narcissists who promised us victory in 2-3 weeks, but we must believe in this victory, because let's say the latest events. and the meeting of the ministers of defense in rammstein and they showed not so much as he said about the nomenclature of weapons that we will receive from the defending countries from our allies, but showed that a new organization is being created, a new block of e-e that will already be created for the future e

a bloc of democratic countries that will oppose the authoritarianism that is growing in the world, which actually in russia today symbolizes the terrible face of authoritarianism, and this is what i see here already as a manifestation of the future of the future of the division of the world and especially that block of tank lovers or leopardists, which i call nine countries led by great britain and poland, which gathered in tallinn, they are our closest and best allies and we should think about it and value it and of course strengthen this alliance but along with this you can to say that you don't see borders, let's say in the

opposition of the democratic world to dictatorships, when it comes to some nuclear threats, we see that there is an american administration, it shows a certain caution and the german government shows a certain caution, i called it the most cautious governments, and then we can definitely go on like this p vitaly we must not simplify this process we must understand that there is a very large palette of different positions of different countries and let's say for example i am now very concerned about the question of what victory over russia is. well i said two parameters, this is a victory, psychologically, morally, this is a victory, well, in a big way, it is a strategic and economic victory, and now we are talking about a military victory, but what will it be? and what should the victory over russia be like? you remember well, you know

the brilliant history that under during the second world war, by 42-43, the parameters of germany's defeat were defined, it was said that there would be an absolute capitulation of germany and the dismantling of the german reich as a criminal state. there is no vision and a very cautious attitude and i think that certain things are going on. well, i don’t think so. i just know that there are negotiations between the russian security forces and the american special services, where they are exchanging information, we just don’t know what is going on. but i think that something is going on. about the cautious attitude, what caused the cautious attitude of the white house towards the military and military and political

state victory over russia because they are afraid that putin will use nuclear weapons and say that the moment has come for our possible defeat of russia, we cannot allow this er, and can use nuclear weapons, besides, just the occupation of russia er, under the conditions of this war, it is absolutely impossible. no one is talking about it. and i am very afraid that mr. babchenko, a brilliant journalist, will not be the only one in red square . on the american tank, brats with the israeli he will not be able to enter there with an automatic machine. and what should be the parameters of victory, because in my opinion, where are there certain attempts by western

democrats to wage a controlled war, a war that would not resemble a nuclear chain reaction that ends in an explosion and a complete collapse the countries of the state of russia. it seems to me that they are more inclined to negotiate with the new government, of course there is nothing to negotiate with putin, but with the new government, they are ready to negotiate with the new government about certain parameters of the armistice or the so-called peace, and that is the problem er final er let's say the final parameters of victory in general over russia, but a simple question arises here: how long does ukraine have time to wait for such a let's say so such an end to such a managed war, because you can manage this war for several years in a row yes, this is a very deep and tragic

question. we think about it all the time. i think that during the meeting of the commander of the armed forces of ukraine, zaluzhny and mila, we do not know what they talked about, and i think that it was about the degree of our endurance, step over our reserve resources in the war against a country that is capable of throwing away hundreds and even millions of lives in order to achieve that illusory victory over ukraine, which they will never achieve, and i think that this is a very serious question, in fact, if it is asked enough and we have weapons we will find the human resources and opportunities to still wage this war, then we will be able to achieve victory this year, if not, then the matter will

drag on and we will have to think about how to find higher ones from this situation, how do you imagine the situation with variables are the position of individuals and leaders of this country. by the way, in this connection, there is a change in the position of henry kissinger, which we have already discussed on our broadcast, or don't think that this is a change in the position of the entire political elite, you know. which i am proud of at one conference kissinger belonged, along with the brazilian one, to the american group of those who supported the first stages of the establishment of the ukrainian state of ukraine, there was such an american ukrainian group and i have a photo i am standing between the thousand and brzezinski and i jokingly say that i am standing between two e-e fighter jets of communism e kissinger is a

tough realist, but i just want to remind you, you know. we often forget that kissinger is already a representative of the republican party. and he is from brazil as a representative of the democratic party. they both nominated him and are printed in their works is the doctrine that was formulated after the second world war that in europe, america should not allow the domination of any of the states that fought for it to become the master of europe, that is, it was about germany and russia and actually, they built their doctrine on the fact that american politics should not allow this to happen. and we see that this doctrine is being implemented, and kissinger has

been working with gazprom for many years, and i recently compared it when i was in new york and met with his representative of kisicher and they are completely normal, it means that gazprom ideas were put forward and it is clear that the aging patriarch of american politics professed it, but he is a sea realist and the fact that he formulated the need for ukraine to be in nato is a very serious thing, he thereby recognized ukraine's belonging to the western democratic camp and admitted that ukraine should no longer and can never be a part of the russian empire, this is very important, in my opinion, his opinion is important, and we must respect a 99- year-old man who has a bright mind and is quite

realistic thoughts well, he is not the only one who is now changing this position, the truth is that there are many measures now, of course. he understands very well the pre- trends of this policy, he understands what this war means, because it actually destroyed the realistic world that he built with the brazilian one, because it was destroyed by this war putin destroyed all mechanisms and all institutions of international security that were built over the course of 50-60 years after the second world war, he understands this very well. so, we should not only say that we are indignant , we often react very emotionally to such statements, but one must understand that such a view exists and thanks be to god that we will belong to the democratic and

liberal world but to the world of darkness and er and the empire of evil thank you thank you mr. yuriy yuriy shcherbak, the former ambassador of ukraine to the united states, israel, canada was in we are in touch with a well- known ukrainian writer. now we will talk with the extraordinary opposite of ukraine in great britain, vadim prystayko. greetings, mr. vadim. good afternoon, i want to start our conversation with today's interview given by the minister of foreign affairs great britain's james cleverly told sky news and in this interview, the minister explained that great britain's announcement regarding the supply of tanks to ukraine is related to the need for the ukrainians to receive more weapons as soon as possible, because this is the best way to save as many lives as possible. the position of the british minister in general is that of the british people, why does it not find support in countries like germany, let's say

and what can we do to infect our efforts together with great britain vitaly i think we are just at the beginning of the process when all other countries will be forced to move in the same direction, in contrast to germany, britain can mark its owned tanks as challengers and from whom they go without asking, of course, this position annoys our european partners - in europe, even sometimes across the ocean, because britain traditionally advances you know the file further and further delivers the helicopter no one has started training soldiers in their own territory when no one has done this other allies drinking how much, in principle, is this package of military help from great britain is so critically important for the ukrainian armed forces. is this primarily a gesture for all other allies that we can and we give and you can, we understand with you, 14 tanks certainly do not change the situation at the front, although these are very, very

good tanks, guns it was the challenger that set the record for the maximum range of an enemy tank's impression of almost 5 km , russian tanks shoot at about half of this distance, that is, well, it is a serious weapon, but even 600 missiles that can be up to 24 in the air at the same time your own goals and to penetrate precisely this reactive armor that soviet russian tanks are equipped with, this is really help, you know that after the change of prime ministers of great britain, takevska is fantastic yes, when one prime minister was replaced by another prime minister, then the prime minister was replaced by a new prime minister prime minister i do not remember such a thing in the history of political great britain for 150 years, but of course we have had certain beatings to the extent that british support will remain as it was because of god johnson was the driver of this support. how do you see relations between the governments of ukraine and great britain now? how many cities in the

other days are interested in principle that this should be a priority topic for his government? like them, they actively remain in this adversary, trying to coordinate with their friends , partners, but the new government, which heads the pike perch decision, not only supports it, you know, but also promotes new methods. well, we are pleased that first of all our spirit and the minister of defense will be left without a voice under all four governments, that is, this person who knows exactly what we need, where we can get it, and tell me who to ask for it, but the decision is difficult, he is a different person , he is a financier, he wants to understand how much resources are needed in order to help in ukraine , he is doing it as in principle you look at the creation of such an informal coalition , the participants of some kind sat down at the military base in tappa near tallinn and how much i would

say such a coalition of states is already ready now giving everything ukraine needs can change the position of the western world, i can give you an example of a very interesting grouping of the association called the united expeditionary force under the pretext of britain, 10 countries are included, now it is actually all nato countries, although sweden does not have to formally complete the these were countries very close to us, and president zelensky was invited by prime minister johnson and then by sunnik twice to meet and speak before these leaders within the same coalition, for example, the issue of the created fund which will allow us to buy weapons not only from stockpiles of species, but also try to interest corporations around the world with this money, i will be even more than a billion dollars, at least now the money is made by various countries, including such countries as iceland, for example, in

principle, i have no worries that these the internal problems that great britain has today, sooner or later the patronage of foreign policy problems or the war of russia against ukraine - this is part of such global problems that also need to be solved next to what with economic, you and i are aware that the problems of economy are close to every resident and the issue is also not the exclusion and the increase in the cost of living, as they call it, despite the fact that the issue is not so strongly related to russian gas, like some of our european partners, that's all that is why he feels the clarity of the signal that comes to the government, even to the crowns of all of britain, it is very important for consolidation. it seems to me that the consensus of british society is that this evil must be overcome . no one is hiding here, they call it absolutely in a straight line, putin must be defeated, this , this, the achieved level allows us, of course

, the necessary achievements, it is necessary to show that they invest in the right country, which can achieve victory and return life to the first one, well, for this, you need to be patient, come to this, and be ready . an international tribunal for the leadership of russia, to which britain has joined and believes that such a tribunal should take place, but let the question here always be how effective it is in absentia how many tribunals did we not compare the situation there with nuremberg, but in nuremberg, real , living people sat on the bench to judge them, who did not sit, and adolf hitler or goebbels, or himmler there, they were not tried and condemned those who could be condemned realistically and we will all the time discuss about justice in absentia. none of you are correct, the problem is there is another problem, the existence of already justified corrected e-e mechanism as an international criminal court , no one wants to give up this body either, first of all, the question is not to mention that it is difficult

a long and extremely expensive process, next month a large conference is planned here, which the minister of justice invites to a mini-crab, but the conversation is about how to find mediators from a hybrid form, leave what we can achieve between one judge and create some part of this court, and someone will try to do it in order to reach those real political leaders such as and tell this how do you now look at the situation with ukrainians who arrived in great britain after the start of the war because it was the whole history of permits visa regimes uh it was very a lot of warm declarations, but then they broke down, this is the price of bureaucracy, it was successful. in a way, i would say that the institution was institutionalized. we managed to specialize it

. some return, some come again, that is, it was really such a difficult beginning. but this is the strength and weakness of the british bureaucracy, they already prepare too much and then the movement is faster, in principle, our people have access to medicine goes, went to school, a lot of support, all kinds of courses, universities, more than 40% of our co-romances of the first age, who can work, are already working and looking for a new life for themselves, my task is to make her life here comfortable, but not so comfortable that they never return to ukraine well, it seems to me that what will return to ukraine is not a question of comfort, but of desire , because you can make their life so comfortable, mr. vadyvo. this desire to live either at home or in other countries, it is not only measured by comfort, as for me it seems to many, you know, it is great for

many ukrainians, for example, to give a child the italian world, you understand the limit, the limit of our desires. many people wanted their children to graduate from oxford, what if a person 's child is studying at school and for her there are problems with the external examination and then you have to transfer, she will definitely wait the option that will allow you to gradually and calmly continue to develop, build your life, parents want to be us, we understand, we see all those trends, we welcome the fact that the other , you know the other side of the process, only a lot ukrainians now have the opportunity to gain the knowledge and experience of other countries, they will bring back to ukraine they did not appreciate the gift for us and tell mr. vadim, here are the british themselves . in any case, ukraine was perceived by the countries of the european union as a continuation of another russian civilization. well, it is also a sovereign state, the flag is there. everything is like that, but it is still something very similar to russia. i agree with you

it is a great pity that i do not have to admit that for a long time i did not realize where we are in the matter. a very simple example is that johnson was a smoker of the company four times. showed a need for us, now the situation has changed, we have proven that we are needed. britain is looking for attention as a global power that left the mushroom union, a new second partner from the other side of the european continent, which are not part of the eu, but close in spirit, close as a trade partner as a military partner in limbo, and how much in principle, what should happen in your opinion, what should the ukrainian state itself do so that we are better understood in such countries, great britain, a ukrainian woman with a big laser, cultural baggage, a ukrainian institute, with the presence of ukrainian cultural figures. it is still possible to invest in e -e translation of artistic works, artists, collectives

, or what exactly do you see as tools? just as i am the head of a diplomatic institution, because the public certainly has access to the best examples of culture, but the word itself does not big at the same time i am not ready only as a cultural mother you said about investments culturally bearing in mind but even investments are ordinary for example for ukrainian exports britain - this is number two after silicon valley, that is, you can imagine the opportunities that we also lack normal business here and do you even hope that british business will invest in ukraine after the end of hostilities, we can now make such efforts in this direction, we not only hope, we often have negotiations about so that the business is ready right now, they are aware of the danger, they understand. sometimes they are like this, you know, as a charity, i won't say

listen. we want to instruct our support now. for help what is a business presence now, what does it mean, it's just interesting to create jobs, create some kind of object, even trade networks that would like to leave, how to get ukrainian goods, for example, we now to the six largest chains only known to which test and max spencerrys all others that they should do for the ukrainians who came here well and for the barbers who want to try something different get ukrainian products because this country gets about half of what the british consume outside why not the same in the other side and businesses who understand that soon there will be recovery soon there will be, frankly , foreign money for which they can count on those who