[000:00:00;00] 17:30 on espresso this morning president putin announced a special military operation many cities of ukraine could hear the year of the great war exploding the most difficult year in the recent history of ukraine the most important year in the history of ukraine the year that determined everything in our lives we lived this year how did it change what did we lose and most importantly, who about losses and victories about heroes from the front and heroes from the rear in the marathon of the espresso tv channel, the year of the great war, the best journalists - exclusive reports, inclusions

and interviews from friday, february 24, 7:00 a.m. until 11:00 p.m. on espresso, you will watch the program of the ukrainian voice of america service , time, i am nataliya leonova. greetings to everyone, at the un headquarters , the un general assembly is voting for the text of the resolution on peace in ukraine based on the un charter, among other things, the resolution requires russia to fully the withdrawal of troops from ukraine and the cessation of hostilities, consideration of this issue began yesterday during the extraordinary and special session of the general assembly , about 80 speakers spoke, most of them ministers of foreign affairs, as well as un secretary general antonio guterres, who called to move away from the edge of the abyss

, my colleague iryna solomko is currently working at the headquarters. she is joining our studio. start the day before, what arguments did you hear greetings nataliya yes right at this moment the evening so-called meeting begins when we will wait when we wait for this vote first there must be considered amendments proposed to belarus by russia's partner, after that there should be a vote directly for the resolution. if we talk about the general course of the meeting of this special extraordinary session of the general assembly, then as you already mentioned, it was very much focused on it , and that is, it is like this first, the first event is dedicated to the anniversary of the beginning of the invasion within the framework of the un, and therefore a lot of countries were represented at the level of foreign ministers , for example, the european union was represented by the chief european diplomat, borel, in particular, he said that ukraine and ukrainians deserve peace, but not just any peace. and the walls, which are based on

the un charter, this means respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, and that includes everything and ukraine - in the context of ukraine and he just told me that russia attacks the sovereignty and territorial integrity of ukraine every day, and it is interesting that the united states ambassador to the united nations, thomas greenfield, in turn, mentioned how last year, uh, a year ago she spoke to her russian colleagues, publicly urged, asked, that is, whether there will be a war or not, and publicly said that no attack is planned. she also mentioned to us how she called for the russian side to withdraw its troops and still gave the diplomats the opportunity to speak, but putin chose war and thus it is probably only for ukraine and the un institute, she also said that this vote goes down in history because it essentially shows the attitude of each country to the issue of peace in ukraine. already several resolutions regarding russia's war against ukraine, in particular, with calls to the russian federation to withdraw its troops from ukraine and

with condemnations of the crimea annexation law, this resolution is adopted on the eve of the anniversary of the full-scale invasion, how does it differ from the previous ones, and what is its importance iryna and yes, natalya, it is actually european and ukrainian diplomats admit that this is more of a political resolution, the purpose of which is to show support for ukraine and condemn the actions of russia with the maximum possible number of votes, so we are talking about some the practical actions and consequences of the adoption of this resolution are not proved, for example there, too, the ukrainian side expected that there will be mention of mir zelenskyi's formula, this is not there, as i already noted yesterday in our inclusion, after all, this resolution is focused exclusively on the un charter. however, before the broadcast, i managed to communicate with the minister of foreign affairs of estonia, so he generally believes that the text of the resolution could be more powerful if there was a celebration of the first anniversary of the beginning

of the russian formation and the organization of the united nations was silent without this reason. it would be a very dangerous signal, so such a minimum resolution is mandatory, of course i would like sex to be more powerful, but obviously the goal was to get as many votes as possible, so the text is more abstract. at the same time at the heart of this resolution is a clear condemnation of this russian aggressive war, it is possible and most importantly , at the beginning of the year, it was also about the adoption of a resolution on the establishment of a tribunal to hold the russian federation accountable for crimes in ukraine and why didn't it happen, natalya, there were such conversations, there was a desire for ukraine to adopt two resolutions, but they understood that it was necessary to adopt a political resolution so that i could show show this maximum support and the technical revolution, the resolution about the tribunal, it will not gather such a number of votes, in addition, there are certain negotiating points that as yesterday, as

explained by the minister of foreign affairs of ukraine , dmytro kuleba, they are working on them, i hope that ukraine will remove these obstacles sometime before the end of june, the countries that are the most they support us, they also support the international criminal court the most, and for a long time they had a dilemma as to how to create a tribunal that would essentially perform the work that the international criminal court should perform, that is, they were worried that this would lead to the fragmentation of the international justice system, we for a very long time we worked with them, convinced them and found a solution, that is, they removed this argument, but it will really take time.

and his entourage, it is necessary to assemble the largest global coalition that will represent all regions of the world to participate in this tribunal and the third legal problem is the issue of the immunity of the highest officials , what to do with this, we are solving all these problems step by step, the answer is with us in direct communication from new york was iryna solomko. she followed the debates of the emergency session of the un general assembly regarding the resolution that calls for finding an all-encompassing , just and durable peace in accordance with the principles of the un charter for the past year the united states provided ukraine with approximately 30 billion dollars in military aid, 32 packages under the program of presidential powers, when weapons are taken directly from us stocks, and 10 under the initiative to promote

the security of ukraine, when equipment is ordered from a manufacturer in the pentagon, they say at every stage of the war, they tried to prioritize the weapons most needed on the time that ukraine will receive from se and f-16 attacks, can the russian spring offensive be effective and why , according to pentagon estimates, russia has already lost the us deputy secretary of defense kolenkou told yulia yarmolenko, president zelensky on monday said that in a conversation with president biden, they discussed the issue of long-range weapons or the provision of seeds to the attacks is still being considered and when, in the pentagon's opinion , it would be more appropriate to provide these systems, if not now, i will not speculate that the transfer to attacks from or when it is likely, i will only say this, we believe that there are targets in the so-called russian military rear, where the heimers cannot reach, but we believe that the ukrainians have a number of

capabilities that can reach such targets for atakams that can be launched from himers systems, a lot of attention is paid but there are other capabilities in the hands of the ukrainians to reach targets in the military rear, so we will help them think it through in the best way, but i think they will have the capabilities they need , what capabilities are you talking about or we are talking about small-diameter bombs. if so, when will the ukrainians be able to get them, because it was a long-term perspective, and again, whether the transfer of attack cams remains possible. they have a number of attack drones that can striking targets in depth there are also some creative ways of using the available capabilities , which i won't go into, to achieve long-term effects, you mentioned the small-diameter ground-launched bomb is still months away from its actual delivery, so right now we're focused on helping the ukrainians think about how they can to use available opportunities to create

deeper effects there is criticism that the united states and partners are waiting too long before providing the necessary weapons, as happened with javelins before the invasion and now with by patriots by tanks what is your answer to this first of all if you had told me a year ago that we would be able to provide 30 billion dollars of military aid in a year i would have said that you are crazy because i have worked before in the pentagon and in the bureaucracy what we managed to do in terms of volumes and speed - it's a miracle it's a miracle i understand that if you don't no you're fighting for your life nothing will seem enough and fast enough and i don't condemn them it's a struggle for existence and when the president signs these aid packages from our own many people have a stockpile of weapons cases are reached in a matter of days and at each stage of the conflict we made a choice about what was the highest priority why didn't we hand over the patriot on the first day the patriot battery costs a billion dollars a billion dollars for one battery you need to understand 12 weeks for

training and also time to deliver it per site and it is a very, very powerful system but it essentially defends one site, so at the beginning of the conflict was it wiser to spend a billion dollars on the patriot system that arrived in b 12 weeks later and was able to defend one site whether to spend this billion on stingers, which allowed the ukrainians to actually take a step and have russian helicopters and drones that flew at low altitude, the answer to this question is obvious with the now portable short -range air defense systems, talking about the abrams patriots . can you tell me the status of the training programs on training on these systems on the patriots is almost complete. i think that everything is according to plan so that the work of this system can be deployed already in the spring as far as preparation for the m1 abrams is concerned training on american tanks has not yet begun, but training on leopard tanks has been sorted, in fact leopard tanks are what can be delivered in more reasonable

terms, so the germans and other european allies are working on this training ukrainians continue to promote the idea of ​​​​transmitting f16, is it possible, this is very good an example of what we just talked about, would it be useful for ukraine to have fourth -generation fighters at some point, definitely yes , given the russian air defenses, i don't think that fourth-generation fighters generation at this point it would be critical if we were to prioritize air defense and officials said their number one priority is to make sure that their air defense systems can continue to be operational by giving them additional systems and additional interceptors so we're really focused on that part which is so that ukraine can protect its cities, protect its troops from iranian drones , russian cruise missiles and other

aerial stages, i assume that the talk about fighter jets the fourth generation will continue given that training on western systems takes a long time, is now a bad time to start training on the f16 so that when the western countries decide to provide them, the pilots are already ready, we have already seen certain announcements from great britain about training on fourth generation fighters other allies partners maybe they want to go for it , but the us government has not yet made such a decision , we touched a little on the topic of the russian spring offensive with your assessments of whether it should russia has the ability to really carry out an effective offensive. i don't think so. first of all, i believe that the big offensive that everyone is talking about has already begun, but it is not very consistent and is unlikely to be effective. what are the russians doing, they just throw bodies at the problem, i dream of a conflict when they throw hundreds of lives every day to get some additional gains that are not strategically important i think we can expect this to continue in the future i think that gerasimov since he replaced syrovykin is selling putin everything

that russia can achieve and i don't see how the russians may make major offensive gains in the coming months but i think they will continue to throw bodies at the problem could you clarify for us what the current policy of the us department of defense is to help ukraine defend its territories or to help ukraine win this war what does it mean to return all its territories are included , first of all, there is no policy of the ministry of defense, there is a policy of the us government, and this policy remains very consistent, we will not determine what constitutes a victory, it will definitely determine the ukrainian russia occupied 20 or 25% of ukraine, they absorbed part of ukraine in 2014 by seizing and illegally annexing crimea and starting a separatist movement in donbas, now they hold a little more territory in the east and south, ukrainians certainly have the legal right to want to return these territories, and as the president said, we will with them for so long as it will be

necessary, but the ukrainians have to decide what their territorial ambitions are when it comes to their sovereign territory and our policy is to make this struggle possible but the ukrainians have decided and president zelensky clearly states this he says that the victory will be the return of all ukrainian territories , including crimea, does the american government support this and does america believe in the victory of ukraine ukraine democracy zelensky was elected by the people and he has mostly the support of his people his government and the ukrainians will decide what is a victory for the usa would be the height of insolence to tell ukraine what victory looks like, they will determine their goals and , in accordance with them, determine the list of priorities for the necessary assistance, we let's see what we can provide when and in what terms to make them as effective as possible, but if the goal of ukraine is the return of crimea or do you support it, crimea is ukraine and i think that in the near future this is a rather hypothetical question because of course there are many

territories occupied by russia in the south between mainland ukraine and crimea so i don't know why we finished discussing this issue but after all crimea is ukraine last year since russia started a full scale war against ukraine what is the main conclusion you made for myself after this year, in fact, my main conclusion is that at every stage of the conflict , putin miscalculated, he miscalculated the will, stability, capacity and determination of the ukrainian people, he underestimated the united states, the west and the wider international community, and he overestimated his own strength and his own strategic acumen in this war as well there are many uncertainties, but i think one thing is clear as day and that is that russia has already lost an interview with the us deputy secretary of defense colin kol in a critically important

the armament of the ukrainian army in the fight against the russian army has been artillery for almost a year now. the war, which is happening in the combat zone, requires 155 mm caliber gun systems that meet nato standards and their shells. the united states has already sent more than 1 million shells to ukraine. voice maria ulyanovska and kostyantyn golubchyk visited america from the krenton army ammunition plant, where they are manufactured , america has already sent more than 1 million shells to ukraine, efforts to arm the country are beginning here in scranton, pennsylvania, opposite joseph biden avenue, in the city where the president was born, the trenton army ammunition plant is located. it produces 155 mm shells that are used in howitzers, which are critically needed for ukraine 's efforts against russian repetition. for howitzers, this

production is owned by the us army but operated by a private contractor, genarolinex , the total area of ​​the plant is 46,000 m² and we use most of the area for they are the ones that we are going to the forge. it is there that we will be shown how all the projectiles are produced. the steel comes to the enterprise in the form of six-meter pipes, each of which weighs about 900 kilograms. they are forged, cut into three parts and remelted into blanks about 90 cm long . in the factory is performed by people , but in this workshop the process is robotic. this robot is our latest technology, it is controlled by a computer, because in such an environment, we want to eliminate the human factor as much as possible, people do not can work in such conditions all day, the temperature in the furnace

at which the robot works is somewhere around 1060-180 degrees celsius, from here the brownish-red blanks are transported on a conveyor to another workshop, where they will dry out for about four hours, hansen warns that if you accidentally touch the hot steel, your hand will be burned to the bone when the steel of the future shells turns from a brownish red to a granite gray, special equipment transforms the blanks into polished shells with tapered noses, each shell is carefully inspected by factory workers to make sure that they meet all technical requirements every part undergoes numerous checks throughout the production process quality is our number one priority every part of the projectile must meet prescribed technical requirements and strict quality standards dimensional accuracy must match to the thousandth of

a centimeter that's why so many are checked to make one the projectile takes about three days. but in the scretin , only the first stage takes place, the lions aim at what looks like ammunition, but inside they are empty from here, they are sent to another plant, two yoga days are filled with explosives. today, most of the factories in the former industrial center have been emptied, and only from the crandon army ammunition plant continues to actively harden steel on the territory of the entire plant. you can see such tracks. this is from another time in america, when from cranton to pennsylvania was an industrial city and locomotives were produced here, shells have been produced here since the 1950s , but the last time the plant was so intensively supplied with ammunition for the korean war during the wars

in cancer and afghanistan, artillery no longer played such a role, but the trench warfare taking place in ukraine restored this demand even last summer. ukrainian soldiers used such ammunition almost every day. this factory in scranton produces about 11,000 every month. the plant in scranton is one of five american plants that supply ammunition for the needs of military operations with the support of the united states. today , it is being actively modernized by the government. additional funds for modern equipment and automation of processes so that the plant can fulfill the necessary volume of the state order, therefore it is likely that the shells that we saw in scranton today will help the ukrainian military in the future, we do not officially comment on what is happening in ukraine, but these events deeply move us , it is very, very it's a shame. so we will continue to contribute to the production of these shells

for the joint military effort with the support of the usa and we hope for the best maria ulyanovska kostyantyn holobchuk voice of america that more than 80,000 ukrainian refugees have been sheltered since the beginning of the full-scale war, according to the latest data of the immigration service, a large part of the migrants are children who had to get used to life in an unfamiliar country and circumstances, some of them, despite the time difference , continue to study hard in ukrainian schools remotely some get used to american kindergartens and high schools, however, how ukrainian children have adapted to life in the united states and how they are accepted in america, see

the story of iryna shinkarenko, it was in the morning from rina and her three children often remember the first days of the war . they spent their time in the hallway of the kyiv high-rise building . do you remember the bagels we ate in the hallway? the family constantly heard sounds from the gostomel airport in ghana. at the beginning of the war, there were battles, children. we were scared and covered our heads with blankets, then we moved to the underground parking lot, we slept in our clothes, oh well, even there with hats it was very cold in the parking lot marina did not want to leave ukraine until the end, but the youngest son was constantly sick from fear and the youngest daria cried out of sight in the parking lot, so marina got ready for the road, put notes in the children's jackets so that my children would not be lost and would know if these children , the family left kyiv for poland, from there to

germany, lived there for five months, the german family accepted them as friends and consolation dogs became for the children, do you remember how we fed newton with carrots, carrots and losha cheese, they kiss with the dog, later the family went to the usa, they planned only for a few months, so the children did not go to an american school, however, we had to delay and the eldest son is an eleventh-grader ruslan continues to study at the ukrainian lyceum online due to the time difference. he has classes at night around 12 or one in the morning.

with this, he dreams of graduation at home, i hope that i will return and i will celebrate graduation at school, not here, the younger oleksiy also went to america to a ukrainian school at a distance, but for his classmates, he only saw it in photos and videos . the first teacher, oleksia, sends assignments and he checks them and explains everything, so his mother doesn’t need to wake up at night. his favorite subject is the one that is relevant for ukraine. i like the educational class the most. there’s a sign that you can’t take it underground and sweep it away . if you’re worried, you need to hide in a bomb shelter online with a ukrainian teacher . the boy is even learning to play the piano. oleksiy puts a smartphone on a tripod from the screen . his teacher from ukraine checks whether

he is pressing the keys correctly. she says that despite the outward calmness, it was oleksiy of all the children who found moving the most difficult. he keeps asking me. mom, when we return, they cover the first day of the war. she also remembers perfectly dmytro, who flew to the usa from kharkiv on the 24th. when they started , i didn't even wake up. in zelenskyi’s instagram, there or in terehovo somewhere, something is unclear, that it’s martial law. i understood everything, i went to my mother and asked her, she was already there packing suitcases. in the spring, in the eighth grade , dmytro went to two online schools, the ukrainian one and the stationary one, the american one, however, combining

both programs it was difficult so from online i have given up my studies since september. i have shorter breaks here, i.e. 5 minutes instead of 15 between each lesson, but there is a long one for lunch . and i like it very much, why don’t i have many years, less lessons, dmytro says he got used to the american class easily because he knew english well. his classmates and teachers supported him although he misses kharkiv, he is looking for positives there, where he is now, friends , our apartment, school. yes, but not to say that everything is worse here. is it better, that is, it just happened like that, it changed, and all knowledge of the language was one of the main factors for the adaptation of children in the collective says volunteers who helped emigrants from ukraine get settled when

families started to break through, especially when parents did not speak english, i helped them go to interviews in schools there are special hours during which they communicate with migrants or refugees and they provide translators, they sit down with the child, take a test and they decide what level of language support the child needs . they also help translate documents if there are not all the necessary vaccines. they are provided free of charge, except for free language support in schools in the usa, they offer psychological support to ukrainian children who feel anxious and often depressed from being separated from family and friends. i work as a volunteer with teenagers in canada and america, and there are many systematic support programs specifically for migrant children personally, for ukrainians , psychologists also say that despite all the condition and ease of adaptation of a child, it primarily depends on an adult who is nearby if the parents are confused

, do not know how to stay and go, and all this anxiety, all this maladjustment broadcast to a child, the child perceives it as a virus, and it is shaken to perceive this situation as something that will make us even more diverse, even more adapted to the world, and you can bring it to your country , meanwhile, ukrainian children have brought a lot of their ears, the neighbors of this families of immigrants have already learned the ukrainian national anthem and we are brothers of the cossack family iryna shynkarenko dmytro savchuk oleksii osyka voice of america on this we will say goodbye have you watched the program of the ukrainian service of the voice of america

time time also join our daily briefings at 17:00 kyiv time on youtube and facebook, where you can ask our presenters your questions live. thank you for trusting the ukrainian voice of america service. i am nataliya leonova, good night and good morning. we continue the search for the fate of 15-year-old aryna yatsyuk about whom nothing is known for almost a year, the photo of the missing girl was given to us by her great-aunt, who actually lost contact with her niece and told me a simply terrible story about the disappearance of arina herself from kyiv and when the war began, she together with my father, mother and younger sister , i was in the village of severynivka, this is the buchan district of kyiv region, and in the first days of the war it was more or less calm there, so the family decided