[000:00:00;00] as always, at 8 o'clock in the morning, we work live not only on tv. if you want, you can also watch us on the internet. if you watch us now on youtube , please like it, send the link to your family friends, yes, we will be seen by more people, they will also announce more precisely after the fact, i say that yesterday on the youtube channel espresso there was a business program with andrii leninsky, where a businessman , or rather a businesswoman, lesya astafieva , the co-owner and co-founder of the witch-bar bar , talked about how she does this business how much did you invest? yes, how to start your e-business, such a business from scratch. if you dream of your own business, look for the business program with andriy yanitsky on the espresso youtube channel. well, now to the news, we are starting

to work in the fields of the kharkiv regional military administration until the sappers they won't work with the land until this , eh, how does this process happen, how does sowing happen in the region, you can see about it in the story of my colleagues serhii ispanov spent almost half a century behind a tractor and almost died on it, the sowing campaign has passed because of the shelling, it didn’t start on time, but as soon as he was able to, the man went out into the field, the area where the tractor was working was visually checked by the farmers, but still two anti-personnel mines got under the wheels, the beauty of the bottom that ran over turned out great, how so, the states on one and the other, one under the engine broke off , one under the wheel you'll see the broken discs and the explosion такой прошёл наши ресоры the cook pulled out this scrap metal, all that

was left of the brand new tractor and mr. serhiy himself miraculously survived after these explosions there is a protest here, i have a protest there, uh, my ear is pierced i can't hear at all i can't hear it well, i hear everything alone, somehow, i don't know well, it pierced the membrane there, i don't know what's inside, but it came out through that i he also spat out everything here, well, 12 stitches on his head, a small contusion and on his legs, his wife taught him to walk. despite everything, serhiy and mr. are going to leave for field work again this year. these territories are one of the few that have already been demined in kharkiv oblast, according to the data of the regional military administration, almost 64% the fields remain littered with russian projectiles, somehow this land of the yuriev saper scientific research institute is even close to the farmers, says

zoya usova, an employee of the institute, it was mined in the spring of last year and to this day they have not been demined, we were not able to process them, therefore, in addition to what you see, they are not collected somewhere sunflower and they are still overgrown with weeds in part of the fields in the kharkiv region , sappers still managed to clear the mines and this year farmers will be able to sow 20% more territory than last year at the beginning a full-scale invasion is noted in the regional military administration, but some planted winter seeds late and they did not have time to strengthen enough. now the farmers have high hopes for fertilizers and good spring weather , then they will be able to harvest a good harvest. we are weak, but she is alive in the regional military administration, they say that those

crops that will be enough for the needs of the region and should even be left for export. on the main problem of mines in the fields, they are working on demining, couples from other regions are involved, local people are undergoing additional training. in addition, about 20 foreign companies are now receiving licenses to work in ukraine, and the most important thing is to get more specialized equipment. complex mines are different , they are plastic and those that explode there from 5.10 touching them is a very, very complicated story and with a metal detector simply by hand it can really be demined there for decades that is, heavy equipment is needed, complex devices for complex mines, for difficult conditions , where we found ourselves, one more agrarians in kharkiv oblast, this is expensive logistics, the price of fuel and transportation of plants by railway, and farmers are afraid that, for example, growing a ton of

corn will cost the same as selling it to the odesa port but vova is convinced that logistics cannot become cheaper , since the agricultural sector is one of the few in the country that can work more or less fully and ensure that the value of the ukrainian product increases and covers expenses, officials work for example from april to december. last year, the price was raised by a quarter from kharkov for the espresso tv channel. this section is dedicated to the oligarchs, mr. ihor vitay, greetings, what kind of publication is this, it is a scientific , scientific, popular publication, maybe

fiction, i don't know what you wrote about, which one books e-e i want to say that the issue of oligarchs is extremely popular in ukraine and not only in ukraine, in general, the issue of the interaction of big business, politicians , the mass media of society is always on time, well , that section of the book you mentioned. it is being prepared by a whole team of authors these are ukrainian authors, foreign authors, and uh , they will see the world of uh, the publishing house of the central european university in hungary, remember. this is the same central european university in hungary , which was created with the help of a philanthropist george soros, he had certain problems with viktor urban's government. but nevertheless, in any case, scientific cooperation continues and that's exactly the topic of my chapter. it's very simple. i would say it's simple. i understand. it's the ukrainian oligarchs and the war. what challenges did they face? how they reacted to it and what will happen after the war in the relationship between the ukrainian authorities

and the oligarchs and in general what will be done and should be done in relation to big business in the post-war period, here we will talk about it, but i will be surprised to learn that it turns out here these are all the scary bastards they talk about. well, we all are, and all ukrainian economists who actually just share the belief that the market economy works and you are among them. well, it was a step in the direction and a bit humorous let's talk about who oligarchs are, in fact, we understand such a household definition, well, an oligarch is any person of such wealth, well, super rich, a person who has an influence on decisions in the state, on politicians, or maybe has his own media, who from a scientific point of view are oligarchs what are the signs, well, this is such a very question, it is really not simple in the sense that there is a household

definition of oligarchs, there is an economic definition of oligarchs, in part you have already talked about it, there are several criteria by which we classify people as oligarchs, first of all, it is a dominant position in that or another sector of the economy, i.e. not necessarily monopoly but nevertheless , a situation that allows you to really influence the situation in a certain sector in a certain industry or maybe in a certain region, this is point number one, point number two is an opportunity to influence political decisions, and in this case we are talking about direct representation, for example, in the same parliament or in local authorities , let's honestly talk about this too. or let's say very close ties with certain factions that actually serve the interests of the oligarchs, point the third - this is really the influence of mass media on oneself , a traditional oligarch is, as a rule, a person

who directly enters the mass media and these mass media carry out the appropriate policy, they do not they definitely praise the oligarch, but nevertheless they work, so to speak, for his interests. well, finally, the fourth point, which from my point of view is also very important, is the presence of essential connections not only within the borders of ukraine, but and including abroad. that is, this is a certain kind of internationalization, the internationalization of oligarchs. well, to sum it up, we can say that in the economic sense it is a big business that has its own political interests and those political interests. unfortunately, in in many cases, it is implemented through various systems of political corruption connections, well, that is, to have a football club. it is not necessary to be able to do without it. some people believe that without

a football club it is no longer counted . this is the classic definition of an oligarch. yes , and by and large really used to believe that an oligarch is a person who has these economic and political levers, but who has some status things, what status things were considered to be sports clubs, certain sports teams, and really a lot of people in one way or another, they were sponsors and were patrons of the respective teams, and on the other hand, this is of course a status anniversary , but at the same time, such a very practical thing was the mass media . well, we had such an image, but i realized that it is not necessary, it is rather some kind of decorations, so in order to demonstrate your status, this is what is called status

attributes, if you are a lot of people, then you have you must have a certain status, you must have who should you have real estate, but by and large, real estate abroad is not only uh-uh, there are some villa-palaces there, something like that, so to speak, own islands and so on , yes this is also considered as a certain investment. and this is also very important to understand. as far as i understand from the history of ukraine, the oligarchs appeared during the presidency of leonid kuchma, when the period of great privatization was actually the first such large fortunes were made during voucher privatization and the concentration of these assets in the hands of individual ukrainian citizens, what role did they play from the moment of their creation as an institution of the oligarchy and before the full-scale invasion, did they play a rather positive or negative role for the ukrainian economy, you know, it is very difficult

to talk about a positive or negative role why because many processes, they are not liked or disliked, they happened in a natural way, i.e. now we can of course say that if privatization had gone the other way, if there had been some other conditions and so on, we would have received some such other results, but today we have the situation that directly developed, i think that if we talk about the history of the emergence of the oligarchy in ukraine, then, on the one hand, of course, the oligarchs were people who tried to privatize the state, that is, in general, developing it by collecting the appropriate wealth they got the opportunity to actually influence what was happening in the state politically , as a rule, they were all represented in the parliament, the same akhmetov, the same viktor pinchuk well, and many, many other people who today there are oligarchs, they sponsored uh or were members or were leaders of the respective political parties

, well, that is, they actually tried to adjust the state to themselves, and there was such a phenomenon called state capture, well, this is a very interesting concept, on the other hand, you have to give them credit for that in the sense that they were able to concentrate large assets in their management and , in principle, to carry out the restructuring of those assets . a certain stress had to be rebuilt, first of all the management system had to be reconfigured to new e-e economic realities, and new economic realities are the lack of a state plan, the lack of a governing hand. we can talk about the fact that, on the one hand, there was a process of fusion of the state and oligarchs, that is , in fact, such a very, i would say interesting, complex and difficult and not entirely

effective, if we are honest in economic terms, was being built in terms of the political-economic model, but on the other hand, the development of the railway business was what, in principle, created a certain stability of the ukrainian economy and gave it the opportunity to develop . ah, they had the oligarchs in their hands before a full-scale invasion. well, if there is no exact figure, then at least it can be approximated . honestly, it is very difficult to say why . because when it comes to the oligarchic economy, it is well, not only the question of my property, how much pressure was there, but in principle we can say that there were several sectors where the oligarchs actually dominated it first of all . to talk about such a very specific sphere as , for example, the supply of the same gas and

the fuel and energy sector, we all remember such an oligarchic formation of the ukrainian energy agency, which worked directly on the supply market gas, we can talk about the fact that the oligarchs dominated the distribution, for example, of the same electric energy, because in fact a large part of the same oblenergo was located differently , it passed into the hands of the oligarchs or into the hands of big business, we can say about the fact that in retail trade , first of all, we are talking about large networks, settlement networks, a certain oligarchy was also formed. well , the oligarchs were very present in the field of real estate in different ways it is also about hotels and we are talking about other real estate objects that in one way or another were connected with those who today are called

oligarchs , there is another indicator, we can talk about the fact that in peacetime in peacetime let's say 40% of tax revenues in industry accounted for approximately 900 or so enterprises, that is, there was a very high concentration, and even at one time such a famous political figure of the past as mykola azarov, who at that time was in charge of the administration or tax service of ukraine what was her name there? he talked about the fact that , in principle, in order to ensure the budget, we remove political issues, it was enough for him to work with large enterprises, because they were the main players in the plan of e-e transfer of funds to the state treasury . well, it is always easier to agree with a small amount people, that is, for state managers, if you can call them that, of course , when we talk about azarov, it was easier. when you are dealing with several wealthy families

, and you are not engaged in developing the economy of a small business could be a nightmare for all other businesses, as they say about it, good things have come, time has passed, and russia has come full-scale into ukraine, and we have seen a sharp strengthening of the state in the economy, in fact , the state now controls more than 50% of gdp redistribution passes through the state budget and the power of the oligarchs has shrunk, we have seen what is happening with television, all tv channels are united, major tv channels are united in a telethon and are now dependent on the position of the ministry of culture. as far as i can follow this

observe from the outside and see how many large metallurgical enterprises have been bombed, destroyed, what is left of this group of oligarchs, who until recently had a huge influence on the ukrainian economy, i would say that the situation with the oligarchs developed in two stages. the first stage is the annexation of crimea and the creation er, the luhansk people's and donetsk people's republics, that is, in fact, separatism in the east of ukraine, then there were also losses of oligarchs, at first the position of the oligarchs was such that let's live in harmony, let's somehow negotiate let's look for a peaceful way out of the situation why because in those regions some of the main assets of our conventional metallurgical barons, the same akhmetov, were in the first place. we remember that at the very beginning, when all these problems arose, in fact, the first wave was russian aggression in one form or another, individual oligarchs , let's say the same ihor kolomoisky, the same serhiy taruta, were appointed to

the positions of heads of the respective regions of the dnipropetrovsk region and the donetsk region, according to some data, they also spoke about the fact that both yuriy boyko and rinat akhmetov should also receive appropriate appointments in those regions where they had their own economic interests, that is, a direct interest in keeping the regions under control. well, understanding that it is very important not to lose for these big businesses pieces of their business in the temporarily occupied territories, but on the other hand , understanding also that those people are interested in the single economic space of ukraine , that is, it is impossible to divide the business separately into luhansk business and ukrainian business and these are economic, economic and political things. they were taken into account. the second stage begins on february 24, 2022, and here the situation is completely different , that

is, in fact , we are talking about direct russian aggression. today, he is actively helping the state to fight, first of all, in the military aspect, well, he provides the great with humanitarian aid. and, in addition , he calls for a certain consolidation, let's say in his time, akhmetov almost immediately after the russian at the beginning of the russian invasion, on february 24, he declared the need for consolidation and paid approximately 1 billion dollars in taxes in advance for all his groups, that is, they understand very well that their future is physical ukraine, their economic future. they work for it directly, and they work from the point of view of their economic interests. well, obviously, you can’t discount a certain element of patriotism, but this is a topic for a separate conversation

, i think. igor , we’ll talk more about oligarchs. thank you for this conversation. ihor brokovsky, the head of the institute of economic research and political consultations, who wrote a large chapter in the book about e-e economic book and this chapter is dedicated to oligarchs, that is why we talked about this topic today e-e book will be published in european production e-e in hungary but with the help of george soros, the great philanthropist, patron, and the stock market speculator, as some people call him. i'm andrii yanitsky , uh, you watched the economic news on

the espresso tv channel. see you tomorrow at 8:00 live in the morning and together we will win cinema television sport music education free people have a choice choose what you want on megogo fm galicia russian hackers attack on the air the attack was repelled well i am impressed by your cyber such radio fm galicia has prepared its answer and we heard our armed forces promised a spring counteroffensive the occupier, so the radio fm galicia will be in the formation of an informational spring counterattack, hear and even see life goes on, the war is going on, galicia is

hard for the russians, for the ukrainians this week in program judicial control sky-high fortunes and travels with his ex-wife for what merits pavlo gorbasenko was re-elected as the head of the state court of kyiv region pay attention to a possible fictitious divorce does gorbasenko keep in touch with relatives in the occupied crimea we thank you for your questions continue in that see thursday 30 march at 4:40 p.m. judicial control program with tetyana shustrova on the espresso tv channel, the war in ukraine is the main topic for ukrainians, victories and losses, analysis and forecasts, politics and geopolitics about all this serhii rudenko and the guests of his program will speak, people who have information and shape public opinion , people who defend ukraine and create the future right now

, the main and interesting thing in the program is the verdict by serhiy rudenko from monday to thursday at 13:00, repeat at 18:00, we continue our broadcast yehor chicheryn hanna valevska 8:23 on the clock good morning, we tell you that we will continue the information and analytical marathon and, uh, about the collection, we will tell you about what you have already done with your help, when you all see it together, it works and works. so, we have already been able to collect the necessary amount for the purchase of cars for our defenders . more preparation to put on the right rubber to help our guys get closer to victory. so, from the specified

amount of 500,000, which needed to be collected , there is already quite a bit left to collect for maintenance, and also the necessary spare parts goal 500,000 0.5 million collected uah 447,417 40 kopecks still quite a bit let's do it together, friends well , thank you to everyone who has already joined, such inspiring numbers when you see how the people unite and there is a result. great, now let's talk about zaporizhzhia direction there, the armed forces began to press the occupiers, well, at least this was reported by a deputy of the zaporizhia regional council , eska ta shcherbykova, who often joins us on the air. they are no longer attacking defensive positions, but are trying to hold back the asu armed forces, on the contrary, they are pushing back the occupiers, the fact that the occupiers are shelling the civilian infrastructure of the region indicates that the enemy is afraid of a possible

offensive of the armed forces, when the russians do not have success on the front line, they start hitting the civilian infrastructure, he remarked, he remarked, and the scat of the guest kostyantyn denysov is the eu of the legion . good day. good morning. i greet you. i greet the viewers of the espresso channel. please tell me what the situation is in the zaporozhye direction to be honest, the situation is tense, the enemy is constantly firing yesterday, two guys from our sister units were seriously wounded, they were taken from the artillery, they are firing at the russians, they are on fire after several successful actions of the ukrainian partisans and the armed forces, and they call it

an act of retribution. they simply subjected several communities to barbaric if you can say that shelling destroying the civilian infrastructure of constantine, we talked yesterday about the strikes on melitopol, in particular the melitopol railway depot, maybe any development of this history of the situation, what is happening in the city, what is the reaction of the occupying authorities, what are the consequences for the logistics of the enemy, what will this strike have, please, the reaction from the fact that we monitored that, uh, they organized mass raids. it seems that they have already found some mythical saboteurs there, but in fact practice shows that it is not the first time that poor people are arrested, or those people who were once detained

in connection with attacks on railway stations. well, they tried to do something in the summer of last year and develop some alleged electric trains in crimea is for grandmothers, but in fact it was used for military purposes . now they are looking for other, alternative ways to supply and weapons and equipment for the removal of loot . they are looking for other ways of logistical supply, but i also think that those ways will also be under the attack of ukrainian forces , in particular, we remember that the berdyansk port was also hit and literally it seems that recently zaluzhne posted a video about how there

sunk russian ships, so nothing will help the russians, there are no alternative ways, it seems to them, he showed a video that was sunk last year, and this year , you mentioned berdyansk. i read the local press of zaporizhzhya, the residents of berdyansk say that the russians simply turned some large local enterprises into military bases in particular, we are talking about azov cable workers. i already told mrs. valevskyi that once at the azov cable factory, i rested there in the chaika camp on the sea of ​​azov , a beautiful camp, a wonderful enterprise now production at the plant has been stopped and the testimony of local workers at the plant is empty, only the military is walking around, and the russians are still dragging air defense equipment on the territory. what kind of production can there be here, there is no management there ? to say that they converted sanatoriums and boarding houses into military

hospitals, a party of military doctors came from crimea and from the territory of russia, and they are aiming to be there well, if you can say so to develop the capacities of these sanatoriums, namely the treatment of their wounded er soldiers in relation to production. i will tell you just one day such a case. in melitopol, under cameras, they pathetically started a factory there for military needs and placed workers near the machines under camera near white t-shirts, white caps, they wear such under the conditions they work at some kind of metalworking or machine-building plant. well, this is complete madness . no one in white t-shirts works at any factories, but for russians, the point is all this, well, if things were in order , mr. kostyantyn, please comment on osherbekhov's words about the fact that the armed forces of ukraine began to pressurize