[000:00:00;00] that's how the grass goes slowly for there is all the ruins were cleared dunkirk became a big field on which trees and bushes grew for 5 years in the city they did not build except for a bomb shelter they decided that dunkirk would be a military fortress so they settled civilian mechanics unlike modern russian civilians the germans did not attack the germans evacuated block by block starting from the sea coast and further to the city center. they wanted to create a civilian-free zone for their military needs, and i thank god that dunkirk

was much larger at the time of the end of the war germans than civilians thanks to several waves of evacuations to the occupation before the liberation the civilian casualties were not so terrible how could it be considering that 80% of the city was destroyed half a thousand people died and the refugees had nowhere to return in the last months the germans ransacked the remains of the settlement the water pipes were destroyed now in wells and cisterns unfit for consumption, there was no gas and electricity , then temporary wooden houses were quickly erected, the british and americans helped , it was necessary to resettle people who started return a lot of refugees, dunkirk was the french city that was occupied by the germans for the longest time, dunkirk sports meanwhile was 100% destroyed. all locks, docks, cranes, boats, barges were destroyed in the first year, the french authorities debated whether it should be restored at all, because

the port of antwerp was functioning not so far away, they believed that it was too damaged and it would be easier to build something new elsewhere, and in the end local politicians managed to influence the french government and force it to change his mind, so the work on the port has started considerably earlier than the reconstruction of the city itself, a year was devoted to clearing the shore from the ruins of shipwrecks and mines, although the gifts of war continued to make themselves felt for a long time. there are a lot of fields with potatoes, and when the equipment is harvesting , it sometimes flies out along with the potatoes, and

this is the kind of thing. the port of dunkirk quickly resumed its work, it was rebuilt in less than a year, and after that it again became the third most active port of france, it happened surprisingly easily, the economy of all western europe was rebooting, there was a lot of investment in industry , the marshall plan worked, the french government also invested a lot of money to revive dunkirk in shipbuilding, etc., a new life the inhabitants of dunkirk were also waiting for the reconstruction, the french authorities invited famous architects and they could easily see from one end of the city the other, in fact, almost no building was

everything stood leveled to the ground, we taught all the archives and knows with what idea every post-war dzungar house was built , he says, no matter how it sounds, the project is precisely thanks to the destruction of the once overcrowded, cramped city, it received an impetus for development for the free dunkirk - this is a city that had fortification walls, it existed until the 19th century, then they were demolished just before the war and the city did not have time to expand beyond the muru and it was there on the periphery after the war that the first houses began to be built to settle people on the periphery, it turned out not to be so and it is 10 minutes away from the main square and we are already standing near the former borders of the dunkirk fortress. here is the first house that was built for the dunkirkites. the construction was financed by the state in order to start the process even before a decision was made on the amount of compensation for the losses in the war . this site was chosen because

there was once a military unit here, the land was state property, there was no one to argue with for its ownership, with whom jeanne nirvans was appointed as the chief architect of the city. life at that time, futuristic ideas are so contactable. for convenience, passageways were made so that people could reach the front door. they were protected from rain and also had shade on sunny days . the houses were grouped into groups, inside of which there were cozy green courtyards. in the yard, the entrance to the entrance is wide so that people can bring strollers and bicycles there, there is space inside to keep them . and for greater comfort and privacy , there are only two apartments on each floor, should

the whole city be made like this, or maybe it should be restored the old architecture was the main subject of disputes between the city authorities and residents, the authorities and architects sought to build the city of the future, people wanted to settle as soon as possible where they lived before and in the conditions they were used to, i imagined a new pita for children in the spirit, there were mainly individual housing, there were houses for several for families, a maximum of 3-4 floors . there were two rooms on each floor, and families with three to five children crowded into these two rooms , and although these were not the best conditions, they were used to such conditions, there was a private kindergarten to provide more spacious housing and with the proper conditions became possible only due to the construction of high-rise buildings, so the authorities gave the green light to the urban approach further along the waterfront development, there the measures explain why this is wrong . in her opinion, we stretch the same materials and elements used everywhere, but if together

they are organized in a completely different way no balcony repeats another, no facade is a copy of another, the main materials are brick and concrete, the houses are echoed through cast concrete, square or round window frames but these elements as a designer are combined in different ways, here the windows are combined in a long horizontal frame after which the balcony begins and the balcony somewhat extends beyond the facade thus, we have a detail that adds dynamics and relief to the facade, it does not look flat, another important difference of dunkirk apartments, there is no light and space here , 10% of the residents lived in cramped quarters, only the bourgeois could afford luxury houses, so that i beg before the war, one family could live in

an apartment with only two rooms, in one, the parents slept with the children, and the second was shared the room where they cooked food, where they ate and actually lived in the new apartments, there was even a place for a baby cradle in the bedroom, the building does not exceed 4-5 floors , so that the houses do not block each other's light , the hall where families spend the most time , necessarily on the sunny side all these principles were developed after consultation with doctors and construction standards were approved by the state in england , balconies became a new element of the city to allow people access to fresh air from their apartment so that they could go out and breathe without going down to the first on the floor and at the same time plant flowers and have a small piece of nature near you, large balconies cool things down became an unusual novelty , people buying apartments with money they received as reparations for the war refused such

houses because they considered balconies to be an encroachment of space . but now i can’t imagine my life otherwise, my party is normal. personally, i am a balcony partisan. i live on the upper floors and i really like to go out on the balcony. and in the hall i have a glazed loggia and i watch tv. i look at what is happening on the street. i adore this movement , it is what allows us to live, as if to penetrate into an active life and rebuilds cities and the restart of the economy. always follows geopolitical movements if the music goes away it's like you can't open the window anymore your favorite song related to

victory ifs mission still listens after time this song is called flowers of paris these are flowers paris, the city that smiles because these are the flowers of the return of the return. good day, i take joy to her. i laid everything down. i believe that life has returned to dna in full and around the monument to admiral lujanubaru. the christmas fair of residents in the city is three times larger than before the war . come on, 15 years after something like azov became mariupol and it is dunkirk who now understands the pain of the mariupol people like no one else when we saw the video of the destruction of mariupol on our television on french channels we immediately thought that this was a repetition of our history, the same port city, such terrible

destruction, and porto and the city where hope is difficult to recognize in such conditions. the if says that when the dunkirks returned home, there was no joy from the victory, there was little wasteland and burned-out houses caused a burning pain in the heart, but to lose hope you can't why are you there life is a constant struggle you have to always go forward always fight and never give up i'm 95 years old and i still have new projects and i don't give up this is what helps me hold on and overcome difficulties so i have to

fight and always have hope hyphen olena abramovich vitaly kovalenko european bureau of the tv channel inter for the only news if we are going to fight our children protect our own there are people who do not hide behind their backs who listen to the call of the heart and are the first to go into battle of great strength people of unbroken spirit people of kindness glory to the ukrainian volunteers , they are the light. they are humanity, they are wisdom but also courage. strength and indomitability - these are also

ukrainian women who protect, help , teach, treat, work and become an example every day. for the whole world i'm a father i'm a younger brother for vadim minibuses i'm getting married soon a geologist my company is better a friend from school

i'm a neighbor who always knocks on the battery i'm the only son war the way of cunning these principles from the art of war have acquired special importance in the current information age ukrainians know that russia is waging a so-called hybrid war against us , combining large-scale combat operations with no less large-scale informational and psychological operations. but does this knowledge always save us from the influence of the russians ?

what narratives and what kind of psychological operations is russia generating against us, which is no longer active and what is the enemy inventing? well, we will talk about it as usual with guests in our studio . evening and mr. ivan stupak, an expert of the ukrainian institute of the future, please today i congratulate so , gentlemen, we are very 100 special lately we hear and this is hostile and pso is ipso this is ipso the word, of course, and we know what propaganda is. can i ask you to give, perhaps, what is the working concept of what i and pso are called? well, i advised , if possible, that a lie is a specially invented lie, but what is the difference between a simple lie , it is specially constructed and specially invented, well, sprinkled a little bit of truth a little bit of untruth, a little bit of neutral facts were mixed in, and

as if the ears are trying to insert this lie into the background, a couple of true facts were inserted, and then they put a lie, a lie, in that type of true information, and you remember some, well, bright, not bright any general ipso examples of these false narratives and so on that russia has already used. let me say that for me this is exactly what my favorite is ukraine selling weapons that it received from western allies. and there was so much information . uh, nlot soldiers, a lot, a lot of things are written, well, from ukrainians, and they say that there are already many successful cases, we will bring any weapon wherever you say, and even there, uh, foreign journalists, not our journalists , i'm sorry, i contacted them we started to communicate and there was some and there was such a story, there were problems with communication, the person writes, answer in ukrainian

, but he uses his teeth, he does not speak to me, only this hook, ukrainian, russian, there is no such thing, his teeth are spoken, that is, they were on fire, and this is my most favorite example, you know, it will be many of our viewers understand this when and it's true that you have electricity all the time in kyiv, but you always have light there, and in ours they turn on hello, ukrainians, how are you? there is such a curve, such a pen, some kind of there, and on the tattered, under the tattered ceiling, what in the regions, what are you doing with the communities, working with the territories, i’m coming, the truth is who says that such a thing happens, and i take with me, gentlemen , in general, the word ipsotsi, four magical letters , magical they have been doing lately with our e-e, it means viewers, listeners, readers , especially readers of social networks, strange things mean, ah, something happens there, it

was probably a dog, and people use this abbreviation because the word does not always understand what it is, but for sure, they are afraid or understand that this is definitely an act, aren’t we overestimating the russian narratives of the eyes and the pso of information, how are they correct psychological special operations or do they really affect people in general, let him, please, listen, look, he told me correctly himself what it is a lie, but with a different content, the content of the truth. that is, there can be 10%, 15%, 1/2 of the fact, then it's all a lie, it's all there, but i also divide it according to the sources of origin. that is, it can depend on the person sitting on the other side and there is a young student inventing it, i told you invented something about dills, and he will invent something there. well, as much as the scale of the personality allows him to produce everything, there is an operation that comes directly from the federal security service

, there is an information security center, they invent something there, they cover it as much as possible with some reliable facts. for example , you can compare a-a ukraine produces combat insects yes there, well, everyone remembers, well, this is the full government, well, no one believes it or did not understand , but only the representative of albania at the un, only he said that listen, you have already made your own figures the level is 100% a lie and there are for example, the last examples when they dress russians in the uniform of the ukrainian military , they speak plus or minus some ukrainian language and cut here already more or less they have come this way, they say in the previous example that they are burning in ukrainian because something they speak incorrectly there, and a person who speaks ukrainian immediately understands that there is no evidence, but here they walk, but they show the shape, they cut it, yes. that is, it all differs according to the degree of capacity. the truth is that

by the way, it is an ancient technique. even at the end of the second world war, when there was a liberated competition in ukraine and many fighters were partisans in the carpathians. yes , the ukrainian insurgent army and many other units of the soviet union changed the uniforms of the vodist soldiers, then the future tells the truth . they even took a traitor out of captivity, he had to lead this one, they came into contact with other militant groups on the one hand, and most importantly, they committed a huge number of crimes against people, they ran for office, but they slaughtered, destroyed, burned and showed that this as if their revenge for the fact that the population started from them, and then they spread it, spread it, and this is how the negative connotation of the word banderite was formed absolutely. if we have a banderite there in the ukrainian liberation contests, it is a warrior and a partisan who is fighting there, then in their connotation in the russian ipso e-e it’s even neep, yes, it’s such a total, it’s just propaganda , infiltration, when a person is filtered into the environment and he carries out destructive activities there or simply intelligence activities

, and then some moment and the second moment you they asked about it, does it work, and it’s hard to say whose ipso it was, for example , i just came back from kryvyi rih , they told me that they very often threw it directly into different channels. i want you to understand this channel, i know it before, and no, those halls, you are all refuelers more like this, more like that well, you are more or less a placeholder, you have the right , well, from the purchased well-known channels and the fact that russia is already on the way, russian troops are already close, yes soon the front will break through here now they will come in such names and what effect a huge number of people began to move on whether it has an impact has migrants moved to kryvbas and then sperrivbas a huge amount of went or it is influence intimidation of the population is a drop in morale, this is inciting panic , this is the use of resources, fuel money , where it is not needed, this is a distraction, this is a psychological effect on us. that is, all

these operations, regardless of whether they are your own i'm sorry, thank you, and i don't know how to say it correctly, or it got mixed up, but the enemy, the enemy, sees our enemy's space . inter is fueling it. channels so surely according to freud, what is it called ? ah, well, i’m sorry, but i’m talking about nabolil, now there is such a developed opinion that they say that traditional mass media have already outlived their usefulness. and in general, telegram channels and that’s social networks, this is typically a progressive new thing. the point is that uh, the traditional mass media are at least responsible if i blurt something out now. what's wrong, i 'll be responsible for it. people confuse the content and the method of conveying information. you and i will also be on the telegram channel after that , you can absolutely broadcast it.

on the air and on such and such and such people confuse very often that you are fashionable this is fashionable now i read the news without clicking on the remote but i read it there i don’t know on instagram or somewhere so quietly salmon to look no only where did you read it ? and who submitted it ? so, for example, some anti-ukrainian or purely pro-russian discourses. and what are the main discourses? can you remember now what narratives are just spreading, for example, not only ukraine is spreading around the world, well, i definitely remember the discourse of russophobia, call anything for example, the destruction, i don't know, of the monument to pushkin in riga, which pushkin had nothing to do with, it's as if the label

of russophobia is attached to it. please tell me in your opinion whether russian narratives work well in the world. they work, they work there. they say, oh, there are some effective ones, there are less effective ones, but due to the number of them, they are there in different directions. throw down ukraine faillant stands yes ukraine does not have ukraine lenin created everything there, well, what is there to talk about there, the president is a drug addict , that is, well, this here are all the stories, but in their mass, when there are a lot of these pebbles, they are there one way or another, somewhere there, they break the consciousness of europeans who are far away from ukraine, for them there, as i always say, and starbucks is closer and the donut is warmer and the lateshka in the course is tastier , that is, for them it is and what can it really be like that and it is. that is, ukraine shows us there, but

here is the truth, oh, if we take technology is simply according to the scheme in what way well, let's say that if one of us, god forbid, wanted to generate some kind of ipso or some kind of narrative and so on, what should be done ? throughout the country, throughout the countries of the world, it is about the fact that we need to stop the war and stop supporting ukraine, which is very popular, such a popular topic in the world , stop supporting the desire of ukraine and recapture its territory. because russia can be so offended by the fact that they recaptured their territories, and suddenly we will cross the border somewhere where it is not necessary, but for some reason we will go to the belgorod region, or we will remember the kuban and so on that they are pushing the nuclear button . and these are so popular and that it is desirable to find a person who will voice them, for example, donald trump, well, that is, find, find this is a person who should be put into the ears

of an authoritative social-creative person, this is one of the constructs, how is it best to construct it, olexander, you absolutely rightly mentioned this narrative about peace negotiations, which means about a peaceful solution i apologize to the ukrainian side for the conflict, but for zakharov, even with the procedure from our side. well, this is already in translation, of course , from our side, we have repeatedly stated that they always talk about themselves. "we are unacceptable," said the representative, which means maria zakharova is an ultimatum when recognizing the current geopolitical realities, absolutely absolutely . please tell me how the world sees this russian prism of russian narratives. i definitely understand that the world is, if only, the world is like good people. but they are against everything bad for everything good and so on. war is bad

, so we are against war. and we need peace. and in order for there to be peace, we need not to fight, but to negotiate. i understand correctly if the movement of thought is not good, ah, i understand correctly that the russian narrative is created in approximately this way , the further to the west, the more this narrative works, because the closer to the border of ukraine , for example, the baltic countries, poland, they understand that with the russians, negotiations are now and war later years after poltava, poland also had its own, still not forgotten, painful experience of interaction with russia to the west , the less that experience, and the less that experience , the more it seems that they will reconcile. further, it is all somewhere far , far, far away, somewhere on the outskirts of europe, that is, the first thing on which it is constructed is at this distance, that is , the distance of understanding the words of marks, why in

the west the word negotiations is still perceived as we let's agree and this process that was just talked about will begin, yes but they will agree , they exist in their heads, that is, in their understanding , the concept of negotiations has been agreed upon, a diplomatic diagnosis, it exists with them. i will now explain why it is very loud . from germany and further there that so any prayed signed with russia at the cost, that is, we understand what the agreements with them mean in quotation marks, the absence of any agreements, and there the construction has already started, that is, the first meaning, yes, that is the meaning of the words is important, we have already said it, and who will voice it later is very important that it should go well, you said it aptly on this question of people that we don't want war and we don't really want to avoid who is to blame, because it's simpler, we just want them to be very much built always

on simple solutions, well, they will stop fighting, you know, the war will stop, that is, not to think about it, he advised me very well , then it is built on myths, on myths, well, about what else is this and i don’t know the situation at all, that is, they are competent, oh, well we saw what it happened when kherson was included in the russian constitution, the territory was taken away by the ukrainian armed forces, did someone press some kind of nuclear button when lyman was taken away from donetsk region within the borders of the dpr, as far as i know, no, yes, we heard something, we didn’t see it, it didn’t work in them, maybe because we don’t know they pressed several times, they worked on us, our site was not the same as putin's, but this one, but you can see the fact as a factor, yes, about what, well, ukrainian troops, zhytomyr region , kyiv region, chernihiv region, slava our armed forces, this is the kharkiv region, we went to the border at various points, somewhere, crossed the border somewhere, one battalion entered somewhere, went on to capture some village or city . that is, they are building it, we know the truth , no one wants to arise in the details and so on.

simple solutions are needed. throwing in simple solutions in complex problems is absolutely politics. moreover, in the international and year passed, there are no simple solutions, and even more so these temptations, we still know no person who does not mind that later there will be negotiations well, here, for sure, after the war there will always be a negotiated customs process and issues conditionally and so on and so on and this desire to speed up is familiar to us ukrainians yes yes even quickly it has already ended already well yes yes there is such and such and such and such and such and so on and western european he is a citizen of any world. he wants these negotiations to start very quickly, but from what position, he doesn’t think it will end there and it will end. pavel oleksandr, you said about uh, if the west’s ability to build up , to promise something, to agree, and so on yes was not the result of some strange