[000:00:00;00] the worst thing was when my son was injured and we didn't have transport at that time, that's why they couldn't even take him to the hospital, it was more embarrassing for me to stay in the city , and it was suicide. we left the hospital , there was a lot of broken equipment, there were tanks and broken cars killers, dead people. even that too, i was walking without looking to the sides and the shelling of the buildings began, we fell, i covered myself again with my hands and finished everything, i was afraid to open my eyes because i didn't

know what it was or not, i told you that the eyes i see the light, you know how in that terrible dream i open my eyes so that you can see here i see the light and that we are still small with a wounded leg he walked and said mom we are going forward we have to go this is victoria with marie now she is safe and can tell me everything that the people of mariupol are silent about in russian reports, how she and her two teenage children could not leave mariupol in the direction of ukraine, how they had to go to russia and what happened to them in the filtration camps, they did not want to tell anyone, that they started to molest me, and i it's so terrible, scratched and smeared, you know. well, the moon is not a mercy and it starts to cling to you. according to the decision of the leaders of the occupation administration, this family was also supposed to be deported to the north of russia. that 's how the whole civilized world was deported about what russian propagandists call the rescue of refugees hundreds of years ago.

a year of deportation as victoria, you, her wonderful children , overcame fate as they escaped from russia and found themselves in their homeland again, i will tell you about the first known case of mass deportation in human history was the so-called babylonian captured in 597 ad, the babylonian king nebuchadnezzar captured jerusalem, all the population of the city survived. even at that time, the king ordered the relocation of the city to babylon on the territory of present-day ira. there, thousands of jews lived in special camps, and their slave labor was used in the construction of huge empires. some of the descendants of these deported jews was able to return to

the motherland only after 70 years. when more moderate rulers came to power in babylon, and after half a century in the first century of our era, the descendants of these jews they spoke again from palestine, now by order of the roman emperor, the entire spasiana, that is, the romans in the first century resettled an entire people, so it was forbidden to settle in palestine, it even got a different name, when the empires want to deprive the enslaved people of the will to resist, they can resettle them to other places just to tear people out of their usual er-er circumstances , to put them somewhere where they will be for a while just looking around where they are and they

will not have any thoughts about resistance all further the history of the jewish people until the creation of israel was literally permeated with numerous deportations, exiles and resettlement in spain under the influence of the inquisition, in 1492 the ruler passed the so-called algammer edict, a document requiring all jews of castile, leon and argonne to either accept christianity or leave the country to avoid temptation new converts idea metapractitioners judaism at the same time jews were forbidden to take gold, silver , jewelry and other precious things with them, but life is more expensive than gold for three months in more than 80,000 spanish jews will flee portugal and the ottoman empire in the future such mass looting of deported peoples and religious groups will become typical people will be resettled under the threat of death and their property and money will be taken to the imperial treasury and every totalitarian ruler and regime in

the future will use their right to call someone an enemy to deport and rob jews and old believers in the territory of the moscow principality and the russian empire however, one of the first deportations in these territories it did not even concern them, but the residents of western belarus without things to get out of. this was the first sign of actually fatal deportation. the geography was not reliable. many people ended up, if not in siberia, then somewhere in the saratov region. social experiments of russian tsars adopted by the soviet government that the livonian war

begins in the 19th year. oh, they laugh. ivan vasyliovych is being changed. she is changing her profession. she wanted to break through to belarus. well, she just went to the front line . the front of the first year is captured nearby and that's it. of the population, this was the first experience of actual total deportation, drinking, as you know, comes during meals in the 18th century. the russian empire is actively deporting the biggest rebels and traitors to the zaporizhian cossacks empire to the kuban and the don. they are being resettled where the circassians used to live. dispersed and forced out of their land for kuban and present-day adygea instead of them

, ukrainians, muscovites , greeks and armenians were brought to this territory, millions of descendants of the circassians evicted by russia are today scattered all over of the world, they celebrate the days of remembrance of the genocide of their own people, which are sacred to them. social experiments are so fascinating to the russian tsars that they begin to solve the jewish question more globally under catherine the second, a new totalitarian term appears, the limit of settlement on the territory of muscovite , plans such as the appearance of the jews of sweden are gradually taking shape territories of russia, and during the 18th and 19th centuries they settled only south of the line of the modern chernihiv oblast , kyiv oblast, zhytomyr oblast, well, that is, in essence, on

ukrainian territories, which even within of the russian empire, jews fell into this zone of integrity, all of them have a huge community in odesa, there is a huge community in central ukraine , even the same uman or even brody in lviv, and we do not have such huge jewish communities in russia because it was banned by the capital, relatively speaking, in st. petersburg, in moscow in the 19th century, the motley coexistence of peoples and religions in the russian empire is studied from the point of view of military statistics at the academy of the general staff, in full seriousness they undertake to redraw the ethnic map a new term geography of uncharitability appears, the creator of a new geography becomes akim zolotaryov, a native of the territory of the don army and a future military statistician and a great russian chauvinist, information about this iconic and odious character

was collected in the archives by my colleague victoria kovtsun , the first ethnic deportation in the russian empire on the conscience of an officer and the scientist akim zolotaryov, a man who, according to his beliefs, was a typical ideologist of russian imperialism history calls him the father of the concept of the geography of benevolence because of which hundreds of thousands of ukrainians, poles, jews, caucasians, germans, finns, and latvians, born in the then region of donskoy, part of which was stationed on the territory of modern ukrainian luhansk and donetsk regions, were forcibly evicted from their homes, the goldsmith first studied at the mykolaiv academy of the general staff, the place where the imperial russian army was joined later in at the same academy, he begins to teach his ideas about the power of great russia as a specialist in statistics and military geography , somewhere at the same time he invents geography

an ideology of unbelief that just listen divides people into benevolent and potential traitors. and of course it only applies to those peoples who live on the outskirts of the empire and are not native russians . zolotaryov's concept says that traitors must be resettled and then all the property of people who were not even called people but alien elements was confiscated and their they themselves were sent deep into the empire to the place of deportation, the evicted had to get there on their own . in rare cases, they were transported by rail, however, such a route is hardly possible to call it simpler. after all, they were thrown into the same wagons with livestock, to resettle people, depriving them of their homes. zolotaryov was not enough. he wanted total control. as a senator, he created the russian periphery association , an organization that produced ideas about the illusory unity of the russian empire and the fight against separatism in the peripheral territories . the association for each imperial territory well , i was in charge of my department there, they were looking for methods of influencing the population that are effective for these

specific peoples, you comet deportations to tsarist russia became the beginning of the first world war in one by one, the tsarist general staff issued orders to evict all men from uncharitable areas, and later on all men indiscriminately, existing until the collapse of the russian empire . zolotaryov's geography of uncharitability forcibly deprived at least a million people of their homes and became the foundation for deportation already in the ussr and the most terrible social experiment of all the red commanders and commissars of the units of which attended the course of military statistics from akim zolotaryov at the academy of the general staff

will still be even less legible in clearing the territory before the wars of aggression, it was easy for the soviet authorities to perform this trick. the categories of the population that simply need to be completely removed from the territory of western ukraine, western belarus, which future died in freight cars are high that there was no infection, there would be no history, well, the ukrainians of the 30s of the ussr are actively preparing to new wars and new deportations that free the borders from the population from the beginning, this is a probable war with poland in 1935 ethnic poles are expelled from ukraine, then tension with japan increases and finally it is necessary to deport all koreans after all, a war may break out on the korean peninsula already on the eve of the signing of the molotov-ribbentrop pact or the kists prepared detailed lists of persons who should be deported to

siberia from the still unoccupied poland and the baltic countries, and after that, preparations for the deportation of the so-called purge deportations began , when the categories of the population that were needed were determined just completely take away western belarus from the territory of western ukraine, and first of all it was the deportation of the so-called settlers or polish colonists who were settled in the territory of western ukraine and western belarus after, in the early 20s, after poland managed to secure these lands, in addition to settlers , foresters were also deported, but it was believed that they could spy for the polish, that is, my great-grandfather for example, the grandfather and historian andrii kogut was deported as a forester from the territory of the ternopil region to the urals. after the deportation, after severe trials , he lost his sight. after that, he was recognized as safe and released, and he and andrii's grandmother

returned to ukraine, but only lived for a few years, andriy himself made the deportation of ukrainians, especially the post-war period, the main topic of his historical research. the next wave after the officials and foresters, these were actually the families of the repressed, those who were pressed in october, november, and december of 1939, their families left in the next wave, all these even millions of people have oppressed siberia, which snatched them away, only a few will give a fantastic chance to regain their freedom with blood , when i began to study the topic of the deportation of western ukrainians and poles at the beginning of the second world war, siberia, i heard something previously unknown to me anders' army term it turns out that

immediately after hitler's attack on the ussr in august 1941, stalin's diplomats held negotiations with the polish government in exile. as a result of these negotiations, the parties decided to create a separate army from the citizens of interwar poland who had been repressed and deported to siberia. it was led by the legendary general vladyslav anders. a cavalryman who was captured by the soviets in 1939 and spent 22 months in prisons refusing to join the red army in the fall of 1941, general anders with enormous energy began to gather in the gulag camps and in the special settlements of poles, jews, ukrainians and belarusians in siberia , there were more than 80,000 of them before they were citizens of poland and agreed to fight for the freedom of this country

, and another 40,000 were their families. in tashkent, typhus raged among the soldiers, they died by the hundreds. but after years in siberia, everyone was happy to escape and were only waiting for the opportunity to leave the ussr, because anderson demanded from stalin that his army would fight under the british command in the sector of the allied armies in the end stalin agreed and tens of thousands of soldiers were transported by boat across the caspian sea to iran and then to palestine, where they began training and preparing for the creation of a combat-ready army from deported and exhausted people. the poles did not emphasize the national question. among 80,000 soldiers and officers, no less than 15,000 were ukrainian or crimean. all this talk

about mass treason and collaborationism. it was a screen. who and why invented to dissolve of the crimean tatars, the deportation of the crimean tatar people is probably the most famous of all that we are talking about today, these frames from the film khaitarma reproduce the memories of those who survived the heel serhii gromenko has been researching the history of crimea for many years and the resettlement of the peoples of the peninsula, according to his version, had a clear purpose to free a bridgehead for the future war from turkey can be seen as the crimean peninsula and the caucasus as arenas in the future planned war of the stalinist regime of resistance

to the turks, this is the most important of all the reasons that to finish after the operator, namely to conquer the bosphorus and the dardanal and explains that if in the caucasus the communists debated only the turkic peoples that could potentially help turkey, then crimea was literally cleansed of all non-slavs, for this the tatars accused the ussr of mass treason and collaborationism, we know the soviet lavre the name of joseph stalin was decided by the union themselves, and in this letter tv crimean tatars against the soviet people and walking out of the unwillingness

to live in krym on the border screen of the soviet union nkvd of the ussr here is yours consideration of the project, the solution, everything is the same with the territory of the game, that is, actually, all these conversations about mass, mass betrayal , collaborationism. it was a screen, it was a lot of words in which soviet officials tried to drown the real reason, in fact, this phrase is not the desire to live on the soviet border the phrase about the undesiredness of living on the outskirts of the ussr as, in my opinion, proof that the soviet union adapted for itself the russian imperial geography of unbelief , this friendship of the peoples of the union was supposed to exist only in cinema and on posters the reality was to become assimilation, i.e. the dissolution of small and poorly understanding communism peoples in the great

russian according to the census of 19 of the ninth year in the crimea , more than 280,000 crimean tatars lived in the crimea, up to 50,000 of them at the beginning of the war went to the front to the red army or from 5 to 15 thousand ukrainians into partisan units, forcing the german occupiers to cooperate, but during the deoccupation, the wehrmacht took all the collaborators and their families with them, as a result of stalin's anger, it rests entirely on the shoulders of those tatars who fought against the germans for three days from may 18, 1944, the troops of the nkvd and the mdb, together with the border guards, broke the fortified places of about 200,000 crimean tatars, mostly they were women with children and old people, according to documents they were allowed to carry 500 kg of

household items, but in practice the tatars had only hand luggage and a koran with them, most of these people were taken to uzbekistan by road in stolypin wagons for more than two weeks, according to official documents, 325 people died, but unofficially they say more than 7,000 people died , all the property they could not take with them thousands of crimean houses in the internal stock and livestock were either looted or entered into a special fund from which russian collective farm workers were encouraged to be recruited to move to the crimea by the defensive kursk , belgorod and oryol regions, and the crimean tatars, they were supposed to simply disappear from a third to a half of the great population died under during the transportation and in the following terrible years, and in the post-war population censuses

, even the very name of the people falls under the ban, depending on the place of deportation, crimeans were recorded by uzbeks by kazakhs and sometimes by russians, what if it hadn’t happened in 2014, because it didn’t occur to anyone to claim that the crimean russian land crimea was absolutely in its appearance the east in miniature, the change of rents with the spoken turkic language and all this did not happen given plus, they began to make up the absolute majority of deportations in 1944, whose hands were crimes go unpunished from the main perpetrator of bloody deportations, legalized slavery, then we will provide free arab labor and deported ukrainians who broke

the system on july 12. we were at home. khati mkbstv at the beginning of the second world war and until the death of stalin, mass deportations were a universal means of solving almost every problematic issue in the ussr, because what could be simpler than evicting someone, it would free the territory of jobs and housing for other more loyal ethnic groups and increase their fear, which is necessary to every soviet person, the main executor of all these mass deportations was the soviet general ivan sirov , ivan sirop, a man who for a quarter of a century was a member of the political elite of the soviet

union, had the trust of stalin and khrushchev, and managed to manage a significant part of the soviet departments that killed, repressed and destroyed entire nations, generals who personally organized almost all soviet deportations , mass arrests and oversaw the brutal execution of captured polish officers from the katyn list in ukraine, the tournament of a young gifted communist developed very rapidly at 18, he heads one of the political executive committees from there goes to a military school , becomes an artillery officer, and then post after post at 35, he becomes the people's commissar of internal affairs of ukraine, then a deputy the people's commissar of state security and internal affairs of the ussr becomes the first head of the kgb, then the head of the main investigative department, and the essence here is not even in the positions that changed with the speed of light, the essence of the powers of these positions and the tasks assigned to him, because ivan sirov becomes a brilliant executor of the most shameful and most valuable punitive operations

of his soviet work in ukraine begins in the 39th with mass arrests and deportation of people in the newly occupied territories in the west of ukraine, then at least a million lost their homes ukrainians, and then syrov will be the one who will carry out the order of the highest party authorities to shoot all captured polish officers . from the katyn list, those who were in camps in starobilsk and in prisons in the west of ukraine and belarus under the supervision of a cruel general then destroyed at least 11,000 poles, and the next ones were occupied by the ussr the baltic countries in june 1941 in lithuania , latvia and estonia repressed more than 40,000 citizens and deported a significant part of them to siberia and kazakhstan, then sirov engaged in punitive operations against muslim

the peoples of the caucasus and the kalmaks in march 1944, according to the plan of the serov house , all chechens and inga were deprived , and the chichen-ingur autonomous republic was liquidated as the next victims of mass deportations from this communist dem. of this terrible operation , what was the fate of the forgotten during the eviction of the residents of the arabatskaya arrow, their subordinates general serov simply loaded them on a barge and took them to the sea of ​​azov and drowned those who tried to save their lives and escape, they were simply shot with a machine gun after such a successful solution to the problem with the crimeans. stalin orders gray deportation in post-war europe . for example, to withdraw 100,000 germans from the kaliningrad region to the part of germany occupied by the ussr, breaking millions of lives , general sirov was unlikely to seek repentance and tried with the help of intrigue to push ever closer to the top of power. however, after stalin's death, the talents of the deporter proved to be unnecessary, the enemies in power

made public more and more documents about brutality, mass robberies during cheese operations, and the river before that developed so dynamically carried the general down his life, the deporter syrup ended in the 80s. until the last days, in his or his life to his neighbors, being the head of a successful cooperative in the carpathians, in the picturesque village of kosmach, i still find of the living witnesses of stalin's deportation, their guilt was the same as that of every ukrainian national, the family paid for the fact that one of their relatives served or helped the ukrainian

insurgents. at that time, in 1945, oleksandrov was 13

and lyubomyri 11, together with her mother, they had to find themselves in the distant khabarovsk state of cows and grazing cows and making hay, and that's where we lived, and the police captain came to us once a week to sign each and every person, we had to sign and what are we on after surviving the first winter , the kobylyansky family and many others decided to flee back to ukraine for a few days on foot and

by freight cars. a ukrainian who helps compatriots buy tickets and return home. they explained to us in the letter that the man would be dressed in such and such a way that you should speak loudly in ukrainian and he would recognize us and he recognized us. we gave him money, he already had it. i ordered tickets, the train from novosibirsk to moscow arrived in kharkiv, we went to lviv, and there we went to horodets. and on july 13, in the house of the church the refugees ran away and it is even written who