[000:00:00;00] are closed, then we can already go directly to a psychologist or to a doctor who is there, if he is usually there or somehow find him. call or take the person to the doctor, or with help, because if we see that the person is closed and does not come to communicate, then we we can help her get out of this state by turning to the specialists . wars, we perceive anxiety differently, explosions perceive the work of air defense differently, we already understand where, how , where to go to the bomb shelter, where not

. what does it depend on? adaptation to the most difficult or unusual living conditions. well, not living even, but existence to the living conditions of the whole part of people. it’s hard to say for sure, but at least it’s about 10-15-20 percent of people who really quickly adapt by themselves to circumstances of irresistible force well, for example, in such as war, they quickly integrate into it, they find their place there. and so, well , let's say that these circumstances work, other people, let's say that those who have remained with them for a long time can adapt and a large part of them, let's say yes, there are only three types of adaptation, how do we adapt to the circumstances of the pre-selected force , and of them only one is correct, two are incorrect , this is fusion, the first is when a person is constantly in anxiety

, that is, she merges with the circumstance, she cannot remove herself from it, that is, she she is constantly afraid, she is constantly worried about herself, about her relatives, she may not even be in the zone of direct impression, in relative safety, find more but she cannot calm down , she is constantly worried. some diseases can develop , both somatic and psychological, another form is also incorrect, it is called displacement displacement is when a person simply ignores what is happening somehow all people they do it in different ways, and many people in the long-term, if the circumstances are overwhelming, go on for a long time, a large part of people , well, more than half. this is exactly how they adapt, that is, they displace the overwhelming circumstances of their lives. as you said, they don’t pay attention. well, for example, there

just because of anxiety or something else, they simply displace the danger and there is a small part of people who adapt correctly, that is, they are at a moment when they can live safely, do, love , build, develop, or whatever they are engaged in getting even some enjoyment from life and when danger comes they know what needs to be done in order to remain whole well, so that your relatives who are with you also remain whole, that is, they adapt to war, they look to the future to be war, they know yes, there will be war, what is it it means there for me, for my family , where will i earn, what will i do, and so on, that is , a person does not supplant the war, he knows that there will be a war and i know that it is necessary to prepare to live during the war, and the people who supplanted it are significant part of society, we see it well, for example, i see it from working with my clients and from how people communicate with each other, how people communicate in their families, how people communicate in social networks, and we see that

there is a high level of stress with which many people do not even in contact and they have increased irritability, the so-called stress triad , this is emotions such as anxiety, such as apathy or depressive states and irritation. let's win, then in 5 minutes everything is gone, then irritation - annoyance at one's relatives, at loved ones, at friends, at the authorities, at someone else, the triad is constantly circling, and this just shows that a person is experiencing a very strong stress to which he has not yet adapted and this is exactly dangerous ponomana, at the beginning of the conversation you mentioned about anger, that is such a concept . i think you work professionally with anger, but what did you mean by the manifestation of anger - this is good. is it natural, or do you mean the manifestation of anger, like a destructive

thing after experienced stress or during experiencing stress, look, for the sake of simplicity, we can say that there are primary emotions, there are secondary emotions, primary emotions are direct emotions that arise from some circumstances. that is, well, let's give a simple example, i don't know. i'm walking down the street. someone stepped on my foot, and at this moment i understand . i looked at the person, they greased my shoe, i don't know that i'm going to do something bad, it's just that i, well, if it's a natural reaction if something flies by, some hornet near me, i'm like this , i'll stop because it will also be a reaction to circumstances, i.e. our emotions. they work instinctively and these are primary emotions. if they are lived, they are not destructive and they do not lead to anything bad, not to bad deeds, they lead to bad states, as far as our health is concerned, that's simple. they

need to be lived, but they happen. that for some reason we may not survive these emotions , as if they are traumatized inside us , you can also bring some, you know, from peaceful life. they scream, i'm afraid that i'll be fired, i'm stuck with bullshit , that is, the primary emotion of anger that arose in me to protect myself or my dignity or something else, she looked, then i come home and this anger comes out of me well, i don't know when i sit down with my child to teach lessons or maybe there, the wife or husband did something wrong, or did they say, or did i think so, and this anger comes out of me, this is already the residence of emotions for the second time, that is why they are called secondary emotions, and these secondary emotions can accumulate well, there for months, that is a person has anger, for example, there is our so-called northern neighbor, and here is such

a person who accumulates these days, month after month, because how to discharge it, how to end it, not everyone can go, and i do not know whether to fight there something and that's why a person accumulates this anger and it has to be discharged somewhere and it is discharged later in quarrels in the family er with friends on the internet there well and so on, a person looks for enemies everywhere , even among his own well, irritation is constant, these are already these secondary emotions of the eyes secondary emotions are toxic and very harmful. that's what they really are. imagine that our body is constantly permanently in a hormonal state . that is, what is a favorite emotion? yes, biochemical processes take place in the body and, accordingly , this leads to both physical and psychological diseases. this is what we have to fight. that is, we need to spend days actually directing it to

something else, to some kind of business, by the way, now we are directing all our anger, for example, about people who, oh wait, lost their home , lost their farm, maybe lost some property of the type of cars, so if they are now you said they were evacuated somewhere to mykolaiv oblast and here they sat down and well, we are looking for advice for them uh these days show them they have to show it i.e. don't keep it for example they are different how do psychologists work well, for example, one of the methods, that is, a person feels that she is anger, that she has lost, that she has lost property or something else, but she has this anger completely, and the person who offended her is not in front of her, but she knows who offended her , she knows who deprived her, and that's why she can

shout cry you're stupid you're kicking your feet waving your hands cursing and shaking your fists uh, i don't know how to swear something else gnash your teeth cry and so on and so on until these emotions live , it's better not to postpone the person, it's better not to postpone just do it under the supervision of a specialist well, i understand that a specialist friend is supportive there is a volunteer, we are just a person has the right to live emotions , there is nothing wrong with that. this does not mean that a person is weak or something. inside, and this unlived emotion will turn into a secondary emotion, which will then be fueled by other circumstances and in the end, the person will simply burn out from that anger, or will quarrel with everyone, or something else. that's why we have to live it and one day we will have enough for a person to experience it so permanently, then she will have despair against the background of what she has lost, then you have to cry, then again anger there and

then you can scream there again and so on , you can even pound your fists, the main thing is for something er soft there er stomp your feet well you know how, that is, we give in to this emotion, then if tears are shed again, usually a person is able to experience these primary emotions. these extremely strong emotions take several days , and when a person experiences them, well, in fact, she then comes to terms with the fact that it happened, then the second stage is coming to terms with what happened, the person is already more relaxed, yes, she is very sad, but she feels that, well, let's say this, the process begins that, well, acceptance of what happened and the person begins to live again in the future, mr. roman, what is it an interesting moment, we were talking about the fact that it is difficult for people to leave the cities near the front, but here the situation was when the water was almost up to their necks and people psychologically could not

leave their homes, realizing that the danger is not that it is too high, but that it is simply necessary to leave because it can cause your death in a matter of hours and people could not leave it is also a psychological moment is it an attachment to this area or is it here rather? it what i definitely can't do without it can't be like this how to force how to say to leave home and give myself safety with us for us our home is not a home on our psychological and spiritual level home is not just a home we have with our you understand relationships at home, our psyche is so arranged that we establish relationships not only with people, we establish relationships with animals that live with us, we establish

relationships with the trees that we planted with the cucumbers that grow in my garden we have everything , that is, we we spiritualize and endow with this with anthropomorphic features, everything around us is especially our home, our bed, our pillow, and that is why this attachment of a person to his land, to his city, to his house is irrational and very deep, and a person is ready to defend and fight for his house as if for himself yourself because a person is connected 7 and that's why it's so hard for many people to leave and that's such an irrationality . part of something bigger so that she was able to leave her home and expand well, for example, if a person does not want to evacuate, we can, we can say so that a person feels like a part of something

bigger, not like his house, and we will find a home. all of ukraine, your home, all the people, your family there, or some such or do you have relatives in another city, or is there anyone else there? we can ask. and do you have someone else living? well, it may turn out that there is none. well, in many people , someone somewhere gives some kind of sisters who live somewhere else, or parents, and we can say well. so here you go you can call them, call them, or we can ask you to advise another person in trouble. for example, god forbid someone would be in such a situation as you , for example, your child. let's imagine that you advised her to stay at home or go. that is, we can switch a person from himself or by connecting him to something bigger than he is, or give a mirror example of what what would you advise people to do if they were sitting on the roof

? so let's save all of you like this roman thank you for your advice, they will definitely be accurate, we hope that we will help someone directly thanks to this broadcast. we wish you success in your work and thank you for joining us at this time. the npp remains stable, according to such information, as of today, the level of 16.6 m is provided in the energy atom , which is acceptable to meet all the needs of the stations. primarily because the power units ceased operation from september 2022 i would like to point out that the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant has been under the control of the russian occupiers since march of last year. maryana bodzherin is in touch with us, a senior researcher of

the harvard kennedy school atomic control project, greetings to you . good night. good night to you, mrs. maryana. an important issue and we understand not only for ukraine, but also for the whole world, for all of europe, what is happening now at the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant , well, what are the risks according to your estimates, because these risks persist every day, and precisely because this the station is now under the control of the russian occupiers. well, as you mentioned, the water level in the cooling pond remains high enough, that is, there is literally no imminent danger today , fortunately, and i understand that the ukrainian energy atom operator also anticipated this situation because there were reports about the mining of the kakhov dam, and they probably expected such

a situation, the pond was filled to full capacity to its full capacity, and accordingly, also because the power units do not work at full capacity, they are in a state of cold shutdown, one power unit was the last hot shutdown, now it has also been brought into a state of cold shutdown, that is, the requirements, yes , the cooling needs of this entire system are quite low, what i think is actually an opportunity of the russian occupiers , their ability to cause such damage to the nuclear power plant itself if it has to be evacuated, if, say , military actions around this station will lead to the fact that russian troops will be forced to leave it we already know that uh, the occupiers

they mined the perimeter of at least the perimeter of the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. maybe some other places are mined . that is, it is dangerous. is contained in the very e-e active zones of the reactor and already spent fuel that is contained in well dry storage warehouses in permanent storage and here absolutely different options are possible ugh but about these different options in the world understands correctly how it can be warned and stopped because the fact that the kakhovskaya hpp was mined we knew that in october of last year and well, obviously, we were just

warned that this explosion could happen at any moment and you yourself said that it is not only that the occupiers who are at the zaporizhzhia npp will have something come up in their heads there and some other disaster cannot happen , er, that is, to cause a huge radiological radiological disaster of some kind will not be so easy for the russian occupiers, so for in order for something like chernobyl or even fukushima to happen there, it is necessary to try very, very, very hard, and for this it takes time, that is, let's hope that it is possible for the occupiers to simply take away either expertise or expertise in order to actually cause such an accident scale, but there is actually spent fuel, which is not protected by these structures

, it is protected, let’s say, inside the power units, and by these reinforced concrete shelters, which protect the power units themselves and the active zone of the reactor . yes, this is not active fuel, so it will explode with it nothing like that will happen. but if these uh-uh, well, this is storage with this used fuel, if you try really hard , it can be bombed there. let's say it can be bombed uh-uh with some missiles and so on. territory, that is, there probably won't be any uh atmospheric uh release into the atmosphere of radiological various nuclides, uh, there probably won't be seepage into the groundwater, but it will all be on the territory . that is, you can imagine that it will be

huge, well, it will be a disaster in terms of what it will be necessary to deal with this, so, this is somehow, er, to clean up and deal with the consequences of such an accident, which worries me more than , say, the situation with the spent nuclear fuel itself, that is, er, the russian occupiers can, let's say, blow up the same turbines, so then this station you will not restart it, so it is actually 30 billion dollars, six gigabytes of electricity , a quarter of this electricity that ukraine consumes in peacetime, absolutely everything is nullified, that is, they can destroy destroy this nuclear power plant in order for ukraine

she could never use it, or, well, with such huge financial efforts, etc. and it will take years to actually rebuild it from the beginning . that is, the russians can still resort to this, ms. marina. and if we will simulate the situation for you now that the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant is freed from the occupation and ukraine is starting a project to rebuild the kakhova hydroelectric power station, accordingly, it is ukr energo, not ukrenergo, ukrhydroenergo, yes , they have already presented the plan, they said how much it will cost, and they said how much it will cost it will take at least five years, and the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant is in the cooling pond, we have 10.5 m of this water, the turbines are not working, they are cooling, and the power units are not working, this plant

will be subject to return to normal operation after such a long time the longer it is in a state of stoppage, the more difficult it will be to bring it to such a complete state , to return it to the state where it can generate electricity, this is actually a relicensing that will have to be done by everyone sisters, all the tests, it will take years, and this is despite the fact that if there is not really some truly catastrophic catastrophic destruction and damage caused by the same turbine hall and other systems, it is the most possible, not the fuel itself, but these very systems, on which the restart depends as far as i understand

, it takes five years to build the kakhovka hydroelectric power station itself . it is so much work, how long did it take to achieve this in a year, it is possible a little more if there are resources, if you really put your mind to it, and in this case, if it takes , say, a year and it is possible to collect water in the kakhov reservoir again, then you can already think obviously, under the condition of what is now will be freed from the occupiers and it will be in a safe condition, then you can already think about restarting the power units, since there will be a reliable and sufficient supply of water from the reservoir , that is, there is such a more optimistic

optimistic option, which includes the fact that the russians will not cause any, well, really such fundamental damage, right now, and that they will be able to carry out both the kakhiv e-e aggression and the zaporizhia attack and throw it back to such a distance that they will not be able to fire at and threaten those repair works and the execution of e- and what will be necessary? and also about the nuclear blackmail of ms. maryana, the information that the russians are moving their nuclear weapons or certain nuclear warheads on the territory of belarus and there. it seems that everything can function very simply. these weapons can be launched anywhere in the united states. well, there there are a lot of versions of how it can all work, again, versions of russians and belarusians, and what do you think about it, how suitable are some systems that are in belarus for use, and in general there is something there, well, in belarus, it

seems that the same scandals and scandals from which ukraine has already been placed that is, we know the cost of the canders, we know that the same patriots intercept and neutralize the missiles that are launched with canders, yes, and well, these systems fly and the rocket flies at a distance. in my opinion, i do not know how many iskanders they fly to e 500 km or less. i’m somewhere less than 500 km. that’s for sure, that is, they definitely won’t fly to america. the fact is that on the territory of russia, what systems and scanners are also in kaliningrad, that is, there are some scanners in belarus and it is possible that nuclear warheads will be delivered there to those like iskanders, it changes absolutely nothing , blame me, russia simply decided that since the united states places non-strategic

and tactical nuclear weapons on the territory of its allies in europe, there are six locations and six bases in europe, er, in a nato country, where american american aircraft, er, aerial bombs are stationed . yes, we know for sure how many, somewhere around 200 units, the russians decided, since they are such a big, powerful state, er, for a year, and simply on, with parity connected states then they will also find that one ally, belarus, and they will send nuclear weapons there, that is, in my opinion, this is purely political, and such a step, which in the strategic military or not, does not make any difference , of course, that is, in fact, now we are talking about

so as not to cause mischief in some other way, it is not about the fact that the lowering of the water driver in the cooler ponds can somehow cause something bad at this zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant , right. we understand your point. there is no such urgent danger, and this is, in principle, the merit of not just the very circumstances of the situation, it is the merit of the fact that this situation was foreseen even before the war , there were certain tests, there was preparation, and in principle, together with the ukrainian armed forces, together with the western partners have proven the state of safety and safe functioning of this nuclear power plant and various emergency systems to the level that, in principle , at the moment, during the war, they perform this function, they help maintain safety at this huge nuclear facility. yes

, but we are not should rest on their laurels and watch very carefully whether, let's say, the russians do not damage the same cooling pond, they can damage the wall of this pond and also release it from it, so then the danger really increases the fuel is cooled. it is clear. thank you very much for your time and for the interesting explanations. maryana budzheren is a senior researcher of the atomic control project of the belfal center of the harvard kennedy school. by the way, i found an interesting comment - this is the head of ukrhydroenergo ihor syrot. he says that if the units work then without additional power sources , the pond in this mode, the station can work for one to one and a half months, this is taking into account the water level that is now in the pond coolers. after that, you need to transfer the blocks to the cold state and under such conditions, the water

will be for quite a long time, it can be years, even in idle mode, but for now, we understand that the enemy is unpredictable, friends , the national marathon, the only news continues at three o'clock in the morning, then the broadcast will be continued by our colleagues. take care and stay with us who am a marine why because a warrior who is faithful when always marines are universal warriors who operate from the sea, air and land who know exactly what it is to lead, fight and win

glory to the marines of the naval forces of the armed forces of ukraine, each embroidery is a symbol of the indomitability and revival of ukraine, we will heal our wounds, we will decorate the scars with flowers, the ukrainian destiny will bloom again like poppies in the field , ukraine will embroider the renaissance, strong, unbreakable , free, how to prepare for evacuation, collect the necessary things, a supply of water, food and medicine , prepare documents, a passport, a military card, a pension certificate and a certificate of marriage and birth of children , get information about evacuation from official sources, in case of evacuation with a child, put a note with basic data and place in his pocket