[000:00:00;00] how is it, what is the mayor of slobianin saying something, maybe we know, lika solomko, i don’t know, let’s see now, anzhelika , i congratulate you, mar, as always, will tell you about one loss, no , everything is fine, everything was shot. now the 532nd day of full-scale war between russia and ukraine continues in the news feed on espresso in the angelika studio, a season tragic night in dnipropetrovsk oblast, an 18-year-old boy died as a result of enemy shelling, three more civilians were injured

, men 21-35 and 44 years old, they had a mine explosion injuries and shrapnel wounds, the head of the regional military administration, serhii lysak, informed the occupiers shelled nikopol region three times with heavy artillery, they searched nikopol itself and the manganetsk community there, five private houses, a church, farm buildings , cars and several power lines were damaged , the death toll increased to 9 as a result of a russian missile attack in pokrovsk in donetsk region, president volodymyr zelenskyi announced this, the rescue work has already been completed, let me remind you that the occupiers hit the city by an iskander ballistic missile when the rescuers and the police arrived at the scene, the deputy head of the state emergency service of donetsk region, andriy malchenko, was once again among the dead. 82 people were also injured. all of the injured were given the necessary assistance . two children, both boys, one

of them is in a serious condition. his name is nikita , the child is only 11 years old, a student. to the sixth grade of the school, i wish a speedy recovery to all those who suffered from this new russian meanness, every night for the residents of moscow, the russian capital was attacked again the drone was informed by the mayor of the city serhiy sobyanin, he assured that both drones were shot down by air defense on the approach to the city, one in the area of ​​the domoedova airport, the other near the minsk highway, the official also added that there were no casualties and destruction ukrainian forces probably carried out a raid on the left bank of the dnipro in the kherson region there defenses and advanced 800 meters deep, according to the daily report of the american institute for the study of war, the analyst refers to

russian military bloggers, according to which ukrainian defenders managed to land up to at the end of the day, the russians reported that the defense forces had left the left bank of the dnieper, so the institute of war studies considers it a limited raid and not a full-fledged breakthrough of the defense line. next, an operational summary from the general staff of the previous day at the front , the russians had 30 combat encounters with basic success . tried to restore the lost position in the area of ​​staromayorskyi in donetsk region, our military is firmly holding the defense in the bakhmut, kupyan and mariin areas, and in the melitopol area and berdyanskyi continue to advance, are entrenched at the reached boundaries, our aviation hit 10 times on the concentrations of the occupiers and their equipment , rocket launchers and artillerymen hit two control points

, five artillery pieces , an ammunition warehouse and two rap stations of the enemy , lawyers representing the interests of konstantin zhivago report the complete absence of any information on what sanctions were imposed on their client in ukraine was previously published on the official websites of the office of the prosecutor general of ukraine and the security service of ukraine and the definition of a living person under sanctions does not correspond to reality, the businessman's lawyers are surprised by how state bodies allowed the publication of unverified information in the president's office, and the sbu previously published information that kostyantyn zhivago is supposedly under sanctions, but the secretary of national security and defense, the state body that imposes sanctions, could not find this information to confirm, we were sent to the websites of the office of the president of the verkhovna rada of ukraine and

the national security and defense council, noting that the relevant websites contain information about the persons against whom sanctions are applied, it should be noted that there is no such information on the relevant websites . we are very surprised and concerned about how exactly the state authorities allowed the publication of such an unprecedented tragedy in the kharkiv region, in the village of pavlivka, bogoduhyv district , an 11-year-old girl died in her arms, an explosion occurred the tablet was reported to the regional police , it was previously established that the device was charging, the child was fatally electrocuted . currently, law enforcement officers are establishing all the circumstances of the incident cherkasy regional military

the administration called on the hasidim not to go to uman to celebrate rosh gashan this year, this is due to the high probability of missile attacks and provocations from russia. however , the local authorities understand that this will not stop some of the pilgrims, so they are preparing for their arrival and have already begun to strengthen security measures , the head of the region noted, i will remind rosh gashan - this is the jewish new year this year, it falls on september 15-17. latvia is strengthening border protection with belarus , the government of the country made a corresponding decision, this is due to an increase in the number of illegal attempts of migrants to enter the country from belarus at the beginning of the year, more than 5,000 such cases were recorded , so for the next six months the border of latvia will be heavily guarded by representatives of the armed forces and the police . us president joseph biden gave the green light to the training of ukrainian pilots on the f-16, but

the process is managed by denmark and the netherlands, the deputy spokesperson said of the pentagon, sabrina sing , she noted that washington does not currently have official reports on the details of future training exercises. european partners of the final training plan for ukrainian pilots on f-16 fighters and therefore cannot certify the transfer of the equipment necessary for this, at the same time, president volodymyr zelenskyi announced that the training of ukrainian pilots will not begin this month. a volunteer car service was opened in lviv, where cars are repaired, painted and inspected before departure. to the frontline and all this for free , our correspondents stanislav

lisovyi will tell you how it works it is not new, so it needs to replace certain parts before sending it to the front line. this is a land rover that will go to the east. unfortunately, now its injection has failed, we have to repair it, test it and identify all the remaining jambs that are on the car in order to be completely sure that our guys will reach it from point a to point b intact and unharmed, 24-year -old stanislav and a military serviceman himself in april . he was wounded in the zaporizhzhia direction due to a severe spinal injury, he could not return to the front line, so he decided i was at the front, i understand how quickly cars break down there, i understood that all the cars that go to the front, they almost all go through western ukraine, and i understood that there are problems with maintenance there, that's why such an idea arose and the first

volunteer car service in lviv has appeared , the city council has allocated premises under a charitable initiative, now cars are constantly being repaired and painted in this garage, the team consists of three men, our car service should leave in full working order camouflaged at the request of the military, our painters can do uh under certain directions and certain camouflages . and with such small villages, volunteers close requests for cars from several lviv brigades . they select pick-ups for the military with high cross-country ability and unpretentious maintenance . cars are bought at british auctions. funds are looking for a co-founder. maksym soslyuk car service, my job is to explain what we need, why we need it , organize the logistics, report here and make so that it makes 90% of our funding, help is abroad, three of yours from britain, also the story of a volunteer car service finds a lot of sympathy among the mechanics community in britain, in

a week, volunteers repair 1-2 cars and paint from 7 to 15 guys, they plan to increase the pace works for this are asking those who care to support their initiative, in particular , they need spare parts and equipment kateryna oliynyk volodymyr studenyi oleg palamar of espresso tv channel this is all the information as of this hour news economy with andrii yanitskym next andriy yanitskyi with economic topics on espresso as usual on weekday mornings after the news at 8:10 we talk about the economy and today there will be a special such issue it will be entirely devoted to the banking system of ukraine, how it works such an economic licknep decided that so time from

time, you can also do and not talk only about current things and about banks, mykhailo demkiv , financial analyst of the icu investment group, will tell us, mr. mykhailo, i congratulate you. so, the banking system of ukraine, what do we know about it in general what role do banks play in the ukrainian economy, according to economic scientists? in general, banks play the same role in the ukrainian economy as they issue. they play a global role. maybe it will reduce the number of functions a little. for centuries, people have been allowed to somehow settle business with each other, and even now, when there are a large number of various kinds of non-banking companies, let's say, such as paypal, they

are still tied to the entrance and exit the second function of the banking system is the redistribution of funds from those who have a surplus to those who have such a need that translating into simple e-e into simple language i want to place a deposit and somewhere there is a company that wants to expand its production, i as an individual do not i know how good it is, and the bank has such expertise. i put money in the bank as a deposit, and the bank, in turn, issues loans . place for three months, and the company needs money for three years. and what does the bank do, it takes the deposit from me after three months , gives it back, uh, besides, it leaves the funds with someone else , in this way, it provides such long-term money

, but banks perform this function poorly first of all, in ukraine, especially if you look at e-e mortgages , long-term loans , the banking system cannot provide such funds for such a period, and the e-e is already included here. the state is often included by creating special institutions that give such long-term money and, finally, the function of creating money eh, no matter how strange it sounds i have a paper hryvnia and i have a hryvnia on a bank card and this and this is eh money, agree with this and if, for example, i open a bank account, it is empty i bring them this paper hryvnia, i put it in the account, then the money in the economy suddenly becomes more, because it does not appear in my bank account, but the paper hryvnia does not disappear anywhere, and actually this is the function of

banks, it causes what the state tries to do maximum regulate this market and control probably like no other segment of the economy. now we will talk about how the state controls banks, but from the customer's point of view, everything you said is the transfer of funds, this is what we do with our cards, this is online banking, for example, when we transfer funds. to your loved ones or relatives or well, we buy something on the internet, then deposits and loans, that is, if i need to take the money to the bank and keep it, i get some additional profit for it. and if i need a loan, i will be there for it to pay here is the difference in these rates. as far as i understand, banks earn money. well, on transfer commissions. and if you are talking about this function , which is as interesting as creating money, that is, the bank

also has cash currency in the cash register that i brought for deposit, and it is reflected in me on my account in such a digital digital form actually appears in the bank er, well, such a double amount er-er doubles so a-a and it produces by itself. in this way , there is more money in the economy, and special control is needed here as much as i i understand that the banks could somehow balance their reserves and their reserves and if suddenly i change their mind and want to take that deposit, the bank must have the necessary amount of funds, of course another way to even create money is to issue a loan by the bank in order to issue a loan, technically the bank does not it is necessary on a specific day that they come to him and bring money. if he creates it, but it is already impossible to create

an infinite amount of these funds, because the business will spend these funds , transfer them to another bank and pay them out for example, the salary of employees, and this money is already included here, which is brought by individuals, brought by other companies and in the form of their deposits, what happens if the bank does not properly form these reserves and makes a mistake and issues loans more than it actually has working capital for accounts and when, er, his borrower thinks that he has borrowed, for example, a hundred thousand dollars comes to the bank, you give me $100,000, but the bank does not actually have this physical money, i only make entries on his accounts, er, then it comes bankruptcy by the bank or if it happens, well, there are different situations, if you really want to take out a large

amount of dollars from some small branch, then there simply may not be any physically. this does not mean that everything is bad with the bank , it's just that they can't keep large sums of money either in each department, uh, because it is difficult to predict where and who will come, what you are saying is probably about a more systemic problem. when people come to all departments at the same time and want to take funds and these funds are not available here, there is no such situation that the bank made a mistake and somewhere did not create reserves such as the regulator prescribed - it is difficult to imagine , there are simply crises that are more than the bank can withstand , but recently we spoke in the united states of america sharply people even did not come, but started withdrawing money online from the silicon valley bank, and it simply could not withstand such

an influx. even the best bank, if half of its customers come to it at the same time and want to take their money from the bank somewhere, it will not will endure. we must understand that this is not the problem of the bank or the banking system itself, but crises are too big to cope with, and such a phenomenon is called a bank run. as far as i know, when people actually run. withdraw their funds, sometimes this happened in ukraine, and then the state comes to the rescue. it can act in different ways. it can either lend money to the same bank so that it can pay these funds, or it can temporarily introduce a moratorium we know that during the orange revolution there was a short-term moratorium on the payment of deposits, or he or he can declare the bank

insolvent and pay out certain sums to the bank's clients and guaranteed contributions. 000 hryvnias are paid or some other amount is not a time of martial law, the state guarantees all 100% of deposits regardless of whether you have 600,000 million 2 million all funds are paid so that in this difficult time for the country there is no such thing similar outflows from the banking system so that we don't have one more problem to add to all those that exist , that's why this situation allows us to avoid the collapse of banks and checks near the branch, and when after the victory, this will be in effect for another three months to act, this is a solo guarantee, from which we will move to 600,000 hryvnias. well, actually, we got to the question. and who

controls the work of the banks so that they behave honestly? which state structure does this to whom? complain if suddenly it seems to me that my bank is deceiving me, well, it happens differently in different countries, for example, in ukraine there is a system in which it is close to a mega-regulator, when the national bank of ukraine controls the immune policy, controls the supervision of banks, controls the supervision of non-bank financial structures from insurance companies to exchangers, respectively, all complaints in our country are almost entirely directed to the national bank of ukraine as a kind of mega-regulator in other countries, for example, in poland, the functions are divided into countries which have the euro in them and the central bank does not engage in monetary policy because they have delegated their powers to the

pan-european level of the european central bank someday in the future ukraine may also come to this situation, but now there is the national bank as a mega-regulator as regards i want to keep a new term in our conversation , monetary policy. i think that not all viewers understand what it is about, but from your words, i conclude that it is something about the currency, here in ukraine the hryvnia, and therefore our central bank the national bank also regulates how the hryvnia behaves. but in poland, er, in poland, the zloty. but in other countries of the european union, where the euro is used, they transferred this function to brussels, where the office of the european central bank is located. that's how it is in ukraine. and in poland the central banks national bank of ukraine is our proper name, the central bank is a common name

, so in poland, for example, the central bank also deals with the establishment of interest rates in the economy, to some extent regulates the exchange rate or not adjusts the course based on what policy is being implemented, and for example, another of our neighbors in slovakia introduced the euro a few years ago and , accordingly, their central bank there is a little more limited in what functions it performs, in many ways, they come down to uh, statistics of monitoring what what trends are happening in the economy and similar things, they transferred part of their functions to frankfurt and the central bank. so, we understood that the ukrainian counterbank. the national bank of ukraine is a rather powerful institution, it is

such a mega-regulator that controls not only the activities of banks and also the activities of insurance companies, financial companies such as pawnshops or credit unions, and it is also responsible for the stability of the national currency and actually determines the value of money in the economy. this is the same accounting rate of the central bank - this is how much a loan costs for a commercial bank of an ordinary bank which wants, for example, to receive money from the central bank, and such a mega-regulator looks like a rather powerful and powerful institution, and there is a fear that such a mega-regulator can influence the state the policy for the entire economy of the whole country must be controlled by someone, and its activities are controlled by the central bank. well, actually, the national bank is a very powerful and important player in the economy of ukraine, and there is such a thing called the independence of the national bank, which

prescribed at the legislative level, which is realized in how difficult it is to dismiss the head of the national bank, for this you need very, very good reasons, it cannot be a political decision, which is simply under the influence some wishes, for example, the deputies, so the president proposes to the parliament the candidacy of the program, where there is er, he agrees, but then it is quite difficult to release, and this is done so that er, the central bank does not, er, act on the agreement for some momentary political interests. well, to put it in very simple language before the elections, he did not print money in order to distribute it, but pursued a more balanced policy. if we talk about the control of the bank, e.e., the central bank, there are certain laws that can do and

cannot do, but in many ways it remains the same on the conscience of those people who manage the national bank, as well as the function of the regulator of such supervision is transparency . the national bank publishes a large array of data every day and all interested parties can see whether the national bank prints money or prints what is happening in other countries during its activities and in principle this kind of symbiosis of these things gives you confidence that the national bank is conducting its policy correctly or incorrectly, if you see from the numbers something else went wrong. well, you said that there is always something in the government and officials there is such a temptation to put a little pressure on the national bank so that it prints money , for example, before elections or, for example, when there is no crisis in the economy and money is badly needed to pay the salaries of state employees. we remember that there was such a situation in the 90s in ukraine

and then the central bank was even on its own according to the laws that were in force at that time, it was dependent on the government and the government could legally put pressure on the central bank, and then how it all ended, we also remember hyperinflation, prices rose almost every day and it was not good for anyone. now we can observe something similar in turkey. as far as i understand, is the central bank independent there? well, in turkey , elections were held there and the head of the central bank was changed, who began to implement a slightly different policy, and we will see in reality how will this story end. it is only in development. as for ukraine, here you can not only recall the years 2010-2013, and in general, this kind of hidden printing of money by the national bank of ukraine, it

ended somewhere at the turn of 15-16 years after moreover, our policy was quite er balanced and there was no need for a friend's money, and until the russians invaded our country, and nevertheless, even after the twenty-second year , a difficult year after a friend, about 400 billion hryvnias , now that the situation has stabilized, the national bank of funds e-e does not print in this way and, in principle, only e-e has reserved the right to such printing if the situation is completely bad , but so far such a situation has not occurred and i hope it will not occur in the future, i also hope that we have literally a few left minutes. i would like to ask about such a futuristic thing as digital currencies , e.e. counterbanks , there was once a conversation about the digital hryvnia. and is it something similar to

cryptocurrencies ? conspiracies are spreading really a lot, returning to our example of the paper hryvnia and the electronic hryvnia, this e-e hryvnia was issued by the e-e commercial bank whose client it is, as for the e-e electronic hryvnia you are talking about, this is a way to replace this paper-based electronic cash, which, for example, will be issued by the same national bank of ukraine, this is a technology that is, in principle, already available. and there are only questions before the nbu, now other regulators, and we really want to introduce it, there are a lot of arguments first of all, this is an opportunity. well, first of all, i will not worry at all about these funds, since the bank may collapse, and the national bank is the issuer of the hryvnia . the national bank can better influence the level of interest rates in the economy if it

offers certain interest rates on these with the funds, i exchanged some kind of deposits, and do you remember that before the war there was a big, er, this thousand, which is the coronavirus, which er, could be spent on books and on air flights within the country in order to stimulate support with funds, it will be possible to program them to spend in a certain way for example, if you receive unemployment benefits, you cannot buy cigarettes or alcohol with it , that is, the benefits are there, but just as bad governments can monitor you because cash transactions are plus or minus anonymous and electronic funds will not be anonymous. the question to think about in advance is whether we are ready to use such non-anonymous digital money, which, moreover, may be limited in its use. thank you, mr. mykhailo, for explaining how the ukrainian banking

system works and, in general, banking systems around the world. mykhailo, financial analyst of the investment group icu was on the air of the espresso tv channel. and i will say goodbye to you until tomorrow at 8:00 a.m. let's talk. on another topic, together we will overcome stiffness in the joints and spine , osteochondrosis, gout, sciatica, arthritis and arthrosis, with all these problems, you will find dicrasin, a means for external use, consultations by phone 0800-215 349, calls are free, turn on cycles , everything as you want, click and you are in the world of mallows , click and around the world of cinema, and then what you need megogo, turn on hundreds of channels thousands of