[000:00:00;00] from the press, as usual, on weekday mornings after the news at 8:10, you and i talk about the economy, and today there will be a special such issue , it will be entirely devoted to the banking system of ukraine, how it works, such an economic trick, we decided that from time to time it is also possible to do and not talk mykhailo demkiv , financial analyst of the icup investment group, will tell us only about current affairs and banks. mr. mykhailo, i congratulate you. so, the banking system of ukraine, what do we know about it in general, what role do banks play in the ukrainian economy?

according to economic scientists, in general, banks play in the economy of ukraine the same role that they issue play globally . maybe it slightly reduces the number of functions. settle with each other and even now when there are a large number of different types of non-banking companies, let's say such as paypal. they are still connected to the banking system at the entrance and exit the function is the redistribution of funds from those who have a surplus to those who have such a need that translating into simple e-e into simple language i want to place a deposit and somewhere there is a company that wants to expand its production, i as an individual do not know how much a good position and the bank has such expertise. i put money in the bank as a deposit, and the bank, in turn

, issues loans. months, and the company needs money for three years. and what does the bank do, it takes my deposit after three months, gives it back, and , besides, it leaves the funds with someone else, in this way, it provides such long-term money, but banks perform this function poorly, especially in ukraine especially if you look at e-e mortgages, long-term loans, the banking system cannot provide such funds for such a period, and e-e is already included here . the state is often included by creating special institutions that provide such long-term money and, finally, the function money creation eh, no matter how strange it sounds i have a paper hryvnia and i have a hryvnia on a bank card and this and this are eh money, agree with that and if, for example, i

open a bank account, it is empty i bring them this paper i put the hryvnia in the account, then the money in the economy suddenly becomes more, because it does not appear in my bank account, but the paper hryvnia does not disappear anywhere, and actually this is the function of e-e banks, it causes what the e-e state tries to regulate as much as possible this market and control for sure like no other segments now we will talk about how the state controls banks, but from the client's point of view, everything you said about transferring funds is what we do with our cards, it's online banking, for example, when we transfer funds to our relatives or friends or well, we buy something on the internet, then deposits and loans, that is, if i need to take the money to the bank and keep it, then i get

some additional profit for it. and if i need a loan, then i will pay for it . here is the difference in these rates as far as i understand banks also make money. well, on commissions for transfers. and if you are talking about this function that is so interesting as creating money, that is, the bank also has cash currency in the cash register that i brought for deposit, and it is reflected in my account in such a digital digital form, in fact eh, the bank eh appears, well, such a double amount eh doubles , and he himself makes it. thus , money money in the economy becomes more and eh here a special control is needed. as far as i understand, banks could somehow balance eh my reserves and my reserves and if suddenly i change my mind and want to withdraw that deposit, then the bank must have the necessary amount of funds, of course another way

to even create money is to issue a loan by the bank, in order to issue a loan, the technical bank does not need to come to it on a specific day and they brought money. if he creates it, but it is already impossible to create an infinite amount of these funds, because the business will spend these funds , transfer them to another bank and pay, for example, salaries to its employees and already this includes the money brought in by natural persons brought by other companies and in the form of their deposits, what happens if the bank does not properly form these reserves and makes a mistake and issues loans more than it actually has working capital in the accounts and when his borrower thinks that he, for example, has borrowed a hundred thousand dollars

, comes to the bank, you give me $100,000, but the bank does not actually have this physical money, i only have entries on his accounts, uh, then the bankruptcy of the bank is inevitable, or if it happens, well, there are different situations, if you really want to take a large amount of dollars from some small branch, then there simply may not be any physically there. this does not mean that everything is bad with the bank , it’s just that they also cannot keep large sums of money in each branch since it is difficult to predict where and who will come, what you are saying is probably about a more systemic problem. when people come to all branches at the same time and want to collect funds and, er, these funds are not available, this does not happen here

such a situation that the bank made a mistake and somewhere did not create reserves such as prescribed by the regulator - it is difficult to imagine , there are simply crises that are more than the bank can withstand , but recently we spoke in the united states of america and some people did not even come and started withdrawing money online from the bank of silicon valley, and he simply could not stand such an influx. even the best bank, if half of its customers come to it at the same time and want to take their money from the bank somewhere, it cannot stand it. we must understand that this is not the problem of the bank itself, or of the banking system, and crises are too big to deal with, so this phenomenon is called a bank run. as far as i know , when people actually run. of the state. it can act in different ways . it can either lend money to the same

bank so that it can pay these funds, or it can temporarily introduce a moratorium. we know that during the orange revolution there was a short-term moratorium on payments deposits, or he or he can declare the bank insolvent and pay out certain sums to the bank's clients and guaranteed contributions. there is such a fund for guaranteeing deposits of individuals , as far as i remember, they are currently paying uah 600,000 or some other sum, not during martial law the state guarantees all 100% of deposits, regardless of whether you have 600,000 million , 2 million, all funds are paid out so that in this difficult time for the country there are no similar outflows from the banking system so that we do not have another problem in

the load on all those that exist, therefore, such a situation allows us to avoid bank failures and checks near the branch, and when after the victory, another three months will be effective, this will be effective, this is a conscientious guarantee from which we let's move on to uah 600,000. well, actually, we got to the question. and who controls the work of the banks so that they behave honestly? which state structure does this? who do i complain to? if suddenly i think that my bank is deceiving me well, in different countries it happens in different ways, and let's say it is in ukraine the system in which is close to the mega-regulator when the national bank of ukraine controls the immune policy controls the supervision of banks controls the supervision of non-bank financial structures from insurance companies to exchangers, respectively, all

complaints in our country are almost entirely directed to the national bank of ukraine as this kind of mega-regulator in other countries, for example in poland, the functions are divided, and in countries that have the euro in them, the central bank is not engaged in monetary policy because they have delegated their powers to pan-european level there is a central bank someday in the future ukraine may also come to this situation, but now there is a national bank as a mega-regulator as far as i want to keep a new term has arisen in our conversation monetary policy i think that not all viewers understand what it is about but from your words i conclude that this is something about the currency, here in ukraine the hryvnia is, and that is why our central bank, the national bank, also regulates how the hryvnia behaves. but in poland, er , in poland,

the zloty. walks there, they transferred this function to brussels, where the office of the european central bank is the central bank. that's how it is in ukraine and poland . central banks. the national bank of ukraine is our own name . the bank is also engaged in the establishment of interest rates in the economy , to some extent regulates the exchange rate or does not regulate the exchange rate based on what policy it implements, for example, another one of our neighbors in slovakia was introduced a few years ago euro, and accordingly their central bank there is a little more limited in terms of what functions it performs, in many ways they are reduced to uh statistics of monitoring what trends are happening in

the economy and similar things , they transferred part of their functions to frankfurt and the central bank. so, we understood that ukrainian counter-banks . the national bank of ukraine is a rather powerful institution, it is such a mega-regulator that controls not only the activities of banks, but also the activities of insurance companies , financial companies such as pawn shops for example or credit unions and also it is responsible for the stability of the national currency and actually determines the value of money in the economy. this is the self-accounting rate of the central bank - this is how much a loan costs for a commercial bank of an ordinary bank that wants, for example, to get money from the central bank and such a mega-regulator looks like quite powerfully powerful institution and there is a fear that such a mega-regulator can influence the state policy on the entire economy of the entire country. perhaps someone should

control its activities as well the central bank controls its turn well, in fact, the national bank is a very powerful and important player in the economy of ukraine, and there is such a thing called the independence of the national bank, which is prescribed at the legislative level, which is implemented in how difficult it is to dismiss the head the national bank needs very, very good reasons for this. this cannot be a political decision. it is simply under the influence of some wishes, for example , the deputies, so the president offers the parliament a candidate. is quite complicated and it is done so that the central bank does not execute the agreement for some momentary political interests . well, to put it simply, before the elections

, it did not print money in order to distribute it, but pursued a more balanced policy. if we talk about the control of the bank yes, there are certain laws prescribed by the central bank that can do what it cannot do, but in many ways it remains on the conscience of those people who manage the national bank, as well as the function of the regulator of such supervision is transparency the national bank publishes a large array of data every day, and all those interested can see whether the national bank prints money through printing what is happening in other areas of its activity, and in principle, the symbiosis of these things gives the confidence that the national bank is doing the right thing politics or wrong, if you see from the numbers something else went wrong well , you said that the government and officials always have

such a temptation to put a little pressure on the national bank so that it prints money for example, before elections or when there is a crisis in the economy and money is badly needed to pay the salaries of state employees. the time they acted was dependent on the government and the government could legitimately put pressure on the central bank and then how it all ended, we also remember hyperinflation, prices rose almost every day and no one felt good about it. now we are seeing something similar in turkey as far as i understand, is the central bank independent? well, in turkey, elections were held there and the head of the central bank was changed, which began to implement a slightly different policy, and we will see how it will actually end. this story is only in development

, as for ukraine, then here you can recall not only such things, but also the years 2010-2013, and in general, this kind of print is hidden, money is in money , by the national bank of ukraine, it ended somewhere around the turn of 15-16 years, after that we had a rather balanced policy and there was no need for the second money yet the russians did not invade our country, and nevertheless, even after the twenty-second year, a difficult year due to a friend, about 400 billion hryvnias , now that the situation has stabilized , the national bank of funds , e.e. such a print if the situation will be completely bad, but until such a situation has not developed , i hope it will not happen in the future, i also hope that we only have a few minutes left. i would like to ask about such

a futuristic thing as digital currencies of central banks, there was once a conversation about the digital hryvnia. and is it something similar to crypto-currencies? is it something completely different ? tell me, because there are many rumors and myths about this on the internet that it is some kind of conspiracy theories. e-e hryvnia was issued by e-e commercial bank whose client is as for e-e electronic hryvnia that you are talking about, this is a way to replace this paper pickle with e-e electronic cash which, for example, will be issued by the same by the national bank of ukraine this is a technology that is, in principle, already available and there are only questions before the nbu, now other regulators and we really want to introduce it, there are

a lot of arguments for, first of all, this is an opportunity well, first of all, i will not worry about these funds because the bank may collapse and the national bank is the issuer of hryvnias. the national bank can better influence the level of interest rates in the economy if it offers certain interest on these funds in exchange for some kind of deposits and memory you know, before the war, there was a big eh a thousand that could be spent on books and air travel within the country in order to stimulate support with funds, it will be possible to program them to spend in a certain way. for example, if you receive unemployment benefits, you cannot buy cigarettes or alcohol with it, that is, what are the advantages there are, but just as bad governments can control you because cash transactions are plus or minus anonymous and

electronic funds will not be animated with money, which, moreover, may be limited in their use. thank you, mr. mykhailo, for explaining how the ukrainian banking system works, as well as banking systems in the whole world. mykhailo, a financial analyst of the icu investment group, was on the air of the espresso tv channel. i will say goodbye to you until tomorrow by 8:00 a.m. let's talk. on another topic , we will win together if we like a woman . she can do everything. probiz femina - this is your useful microflora, if it is the norm. you can immediately see the skin

, hair, and everything else, it's just fire, what's here probiz femina anu bigom grab microbiom there are cures for cystitis there are discounts on drops and capsules urolesan 15% in pharmacies podorozhnyk for you and savings every week the saturday political club helps to understand the processes taking place in ukraine and the world vitaly portnikov host espresso and invitation experts based on facts give their assessment and the forecast of the development of events, do you want to understand how our today will affect our tomorrow, watch saturday's political club that saturdays are not espresso andriy yanitskyi keeps the economy under surveillance so we are talking about news of the economy on channel espresso, but it's not about dry numbers and clear terms, it's about the economy, it's about the ability to analyze, forecast and

get a profit, but what will be the exchange rates of salaries and pensions, and how will product prices change, information about everything that affects our wallet, and informed means armed, see the economy news project with andriy yanitsky weekdays at 8:10 on espresso watch this week's program judicial control with tetyana shustrava the bribe of the head of the state judicial administration two and a half thousand dollars salnyok had to keep for mediation services and how salnikov managed to privatize the official residence, the documents provided to us testify to his stable financial condition, watch the program judicial control with

tetyana shustrova on the espresso tv channel on august 4-10 at 17:45 every day, this is the shipping district of kherson . we turn it on live. of your time, we will talk about the most important things for two hours to learn about the war. serhiy zgoretska joins our broadcast , military summaries of the day and what is the world? and new sports yevhen pastukhov is ready to talk about sports for two hours in the company of his favorite presenters about culture during the war lena is ready to talk

or something else that has become familiar to many , maybe the weather will at least give us some ms. natalka didenko is ready to tell us about optimism, as well as distinguished guests of the studio, we will have volodymyr hryshko today, if everything goes well, the events of the day in two hours , vasyl zimi's big broadcast, a project for smart and caring people, in the evening, nayspresso, war in ukraine , the main topic for ukrainians, victories and losses , analysis and forecasts, politics and geopolitics , serhii rudenko and the guests of his program will talk about all this, people who have information and shape public opinion, people who defend ukraine and create the future, the main thing is now

and the interesting thing in the program is the verdict of serhii rudenko from monday to friday at 20:00, repeat at 12:10 , watch this week in the program and the collaborators who laid the red carpet for the occupiers in oleshka , it returns only in the form of ukrainian spillage and how the sellers took ukrainian children to russia clearly say a big thank you to leonid eduardovych of slutsk, the line of the ltpr party, the country should know its traitors to the face, that's why every week we name the names of those who work for the kremlin, this is a program of collaborators. and i'm olena kononenko, let's brought you a new portion of adaptations , this city of oleshki in the kherson region had the name tsyurupinsk until the 16th year . but after decommunization, it was given back its historical name.

history, unique nature and cossack spirit, at the beginning of the 18th century , oleshkivska sich was located here, but on the mighty cossack land, the dirty boot of the aroshests stepped on it from february 24, 22nd, the city was under constant shelling and later occupied when the russian army blew up the kakhova hydroelectric power station, the city was almost completely flooded. unfortunately, the dnipro water was not taken away, as traitors and accomplices who initially attacked the occupation, a new enemy is zhuravka georgy volodymyrovych, born in the mykolaiv region in 1959, he is the founder and head of several public sports club of martial arts jiu-jitsu sambo and judo and the district federation of sambo and judo since 2007 worked at the olezhka communal enterprise since the 15th year regularly nominated his candidacy in the local elections, and in the 19th in the parliamentary elections, such program items as the elimination of monopoly and

the formation of a competitive environment, as well as economists. did not convince and did not get into the parliament. however, this did not stop his political ambitions already in the 20th year, he simultaneously participated in the elections to the kherson regional council and to the post of mayor of oleshkiv from the block volodymyr saidu flew by again, and the thirst for power was so strong that when the city was aggressively occupied, this poor politician was the first to run to the murderers, for which he was appointed the fake mayor of oleshok. i wonder what you are going to kill for. robbery and the removal of toilets is still possible. when olezhka flooded, according to the information of the national

resistance center, hundreds of people died in the city . to evacuate those who did not have a russian passport, on the other hand, on the cameras, they traditionally lied, starting in the morning and ending somewhere before 5:00 p.m., they evacuated people. there is no failure in the technique . people are traveling there, the famous armed forces of ukraine. who is in prison or in the ukrainian black earth. by the way, it is there now that george zhuravko's nephew, oleksiy zhuravko, was the owner of several orders of merit of the second and third degrees, as well as numerous awards for cooperation with the internal affairs bodies of ukraine

a deputy of the fifth and sixth convocations of the parliament, but he turned to a traitor, but there is a nuance of a dead traitor. oleksiy zhuravko was born in 1974 in zhovty vody, dnipropetrovsk region, he was brought up in a children's home and the oleshkiv children's boarding school, since 2006 , a people's deputy of ukraine from the party of regions , the research ground of the world, and this is russia мы моеме не убить when zhuravko was not elected to the verkhovna rada in 2012, he became an instrument of russian propaganda in february 2015. he joined the rally in moscow against the maidan. apart from zhuravko, he was also at the rally. the noticed x people's deputy traitor oleg tsarev only 8 years old lost bondarization in 2015 zhuravka collected his money and flew to russia , from there he began to give numerous dirty and frankly commissioned interviews about ukraine only in the form of the ukrainian spill of the upa and all kinds of

otrebiya ot loh - this is russia and you and our law enforcement agencies proved this in 2018 during the pre-trial investigation conducted by the investigative department of the sbu in the kherson region. it became known that zhuravka financed the terrorists of the so-called lpr and dpr in 14-15 when the kherson region was occupied by the rashists, this patsyuk returned to kherson and from there continued to run his youtube channel, where he had almost 70,000 subscribers, he called the occupation liberation from ukrainian nationalists , called on russia to bring the special operation to an end , to go to the western borders of ukraine, he works for the ukrainian special service, это тоже есть они тоже must be punished and strictly must be punished their most correctional colony to

their own experience in the correctional colony zhuravka will not reach the zsu sent him to the other world on september 25 last year as a result of cotton in one of hotels in the center of kherson, the traitor died, he paid the price for serving murderers and cats, he voted in the referendum for joining the region to russia and illegally transported ukrainian children, another collaborator from oleshok soup, vitaly oleksandrovich, he was 53, originally from poltava region, until february 24 , there was not much about this traitor what is known, he had a driving school, was a driving instructor and spoke ukrainian , but after the attack of the russian federation, he forgot again. with a disability well, really, driving a car and boarding school with special children are one and the same... skadovsky, it's like a gift from god ivankiv, all the best