[000:00:00;00] he and i went to the same class, seriously, i know how many you have, well, i remember that we started dating as children in the 10th grade . svitlana recalls how she met her love almost 40 years ago, this is her husband, gennady shcherban, he is now 55, the couple has three adult children and three grandchildren, a cozy house near the forest in gostomel, and there was everything that made them happy guys, look at the sparrows in kherson , they are trained

, they even kiss. you know the same heat and me i read that there are animals in the forest and they eat a lot. well, there is no water. he brings water to them. he cut up the heads of cabbage and fishing is his hobby . it is very exciting for him to go fishing with his grandchildren. his children love it very much, and not only our strangers. that the couple is from the kherson region, svitlana is a confectioner and gennady is a former soldier . it was because of the service of his beloved that they moved to belarus many years ago, they got housing and citizenship of that country there, we stayed there , the daughter was born in ukraine, and the two boys are already in belarus.

when the war started in ukraine in the 14th year, our youngest son was in the second grade, and the teacher was conducting peace lessons, and she was telling us what putin is like, how he helps ukraine, he gets up, the child is eight years old and tells what are you saying? who then what is he doing there in general in this ukraine what is he there where the war and the child can be said to have been hated at school at that time svitlana's husband was already retired so in 2016 they left belarus and returned to the motherland forever settled in gostomel as the closest to the capital where many of their friends live, and at the same time as the closest to nature last year, on february 24, their family found themselves in the epicenter of a full-scale war

, do you live in the city where? well, literally from the first hours of a full-scale invasion , it was clear. what's going to happen? they woke up. i'm going to work. something is humming. i think the gate broke in the garage. the son comes running to us and says that the pine tree has fallen. and then we turn on the tv. well, there's a war at night. then we we saw when the airport started, i guess, well, it was already visible, and they were like fireworks , well, it was very scary , it was very, very loud here, and we waited for march 9 in the green corridor, he sent us, son

, i will come, don't worry, i will come, but i will fulfill my promise to gennady it didn't work, the man couldn't leave his elderly neighbor, who was confined to bed due to an injury. catches a mobile phone and told that he they started to move in, he says they break the gate, come in, put the equipment right in the yard, disguised themselves in this way they knew that gennady was here, they saw him, they went to their house, checked who lives there ntn well, the woman is sick , and the neighbors when we they left, they also left him all the keys , cats, dogs to feed, and he went on march 16, more than a year ago

, svitlana talked to her husband on the last day of that day , gennady was detained by the russian military. what do you know about how, uh, they took away the husband this woman with whom he stayed she says i hear that he is doing something there , but she well, she could not even raise her head and when she says gena gena gena gena he is not there the next day they came with a search with weapons, they searched and identified, well, just a coat, he is for if i remember or not, there was a chevron in the armed forces of the republic of belarus, but he resigned in 2000. well, they offered him to go over to their side, and this repeatedly . and yes, you are ours. yes, you come to us, he says. no, i am

against mine . people, well, not about what gennady svetlana was kidnapped by the russian military. she found out the next day from a neighbor and immediately started looking for her husband. she believed that her beloved was alive, but every time unidentified bodies were found in the kyiv region , she panicked. what kind of toyota car do you have? and the deceased man had the toyota keys in his pocket. it was, well, probably the most terrible of all this, but i called them and said , please look, he has a man there the scar on my back on my kidneys from the operation is quite large and they went, they went to the morgue, they looked and everything was not the same frame with

nadiya to find her husband, the woman turned everywhere, everyone said that people were being taken away from us to belarus, and for some reason i thought that they were receiving him in belarus, they wrote i am writing to the presidential administration, you mistakenly took away a person who is nothing at all, without weapons, without anything , you come to me that there is no, last year in may , svitlana finally received the first news about her lover, she was contacted by a person dismissed from russian prisoner, ukrainian military. he said that he saw gennady, that gennady is in the pre-trial detention center of the bryansk region. they were in the same cell, and when i received this message, it was probably. well, such emotions also happen very, very much, just like he disappeared. i didn't i believed for a long time, and then they started to me. but it must be scammers calling you, it's the same as usual, but i understood that

our country was not. the feeling is that you even traveled to russia, and you took the risk of going from there. it was probably a senseless act. my, well, at that time, i was guided only by the fact that i could help him, i was motivated by the fact that such things happened in sports. belarusians have a permanent residence permit. they look at her like that, how does she not have a husband in us? oh, i say, and the 54th cell, he even says so. well, yes, but not that trip. even the next one, which svetlana decided to take again, did not help her return her husband

, the russians did not even allow her to see it was so difficult for the gennadys. i can't even describe those emotions. i understand that here is my husband. i was standing there. even like that , my knees were shaking and i realized that they would not give him back . everything in my brain turned off. do you know what i blame my husband for, why are they accusing him of anything? there was no trial to incriminate them. no, they reported that when the ministry of foreign affairs of russia responded to the ministry of foreign affairs of belarus, they wrote that he did not commit criminal acts. that is , nothing at all. russian lawyers even tried to get into the zoo. well, they did not let him in. he is kept simply as an exchange background, now you hope for a ukrainian exchange, but do you still hope that belarus can return him, belarus will not return him, he is an enemy for belarusians, well, he supports ukraine, belarus will 100% not return him , i really hope to ukraine, can

the russian-ukrainian exchange of prisoners save gennady, because according to his passport he is a belarusian, and at the time of his detention he was a civilian, and with this question we turned to the human rights defender mykhailo savva from foreigners who are legally present on the territory of ukraine, have the same rights and obligations as citizens, in this case the russians violated article 29 of the constitution of ukraine, which guarantees the right to freedom, the ego was actually stolen, and the ukrainian government and ukrainian civil society must fight for this person, however, the expert admits that russia rarely releases civilian hostages, that is why in ukraine there is a great need for pressure on the aggressor country from the side of international organizations to exchange civilians

for russian military personnel, this is prohibited by international humanitarian law more moreover, if russia massively exchanges ukrainian civilians for russian military personnel, it will be accused of taking hostages, i do not think that the russian authorities want such accusations. at the same time, russia does not want to return these people as required by international humanitarian law, and pressure on russia is needed here from the side, for example, of the international committee of the red cross, and from the side of the governments of other countries, to return civilians from their side, russia is under pressure, and ukraine is also pressuring ukraine about this , deputy prime minister iryna vereshchuk told about this on the air of breakfast with 1+1 as a state, we can refuse to exchange military personnel if during such an exchange civilians will not be handed over to us, this worked in march, april, and may, but we refused

to hold negotiations and hand over prisoners of war if the list that was submitted for approval to the parties did not include a certain list of civilians, because in another way we will never return that large number of civilians, but there is one more important detail in gennady's story, and why he needs to return home as soon as possible. 8 months ago , already in russian prison, his husband fell ill for tuberculosis and he desperately needs treatment. you turned to the search for the missing and the volunteers for the search for the missing contacted you with a prisoner who was released from the same pre-trial detention center and the information was disappointing, well, generally disappointing , he says that he is extremely exhausted, he is losing consciousness, he has already been called twice by emergency he said that he urgently

needs to be taken out of there because his condition is extremely difficult. they thought about when you meet your husband, what is the first thing you will tell him how much you love him very, very much. we are waiting for him and i have such hope that he really needs help and he saved a person, that is, he did not leave, he was captured purely because of his good heart. we also hope that gennady will soon find himself in freedom, and we ask you to help find other missing ukrainians in this photo, 32-year-old serhiy kruchenin from the city of dniprorudne, zaporizhzhia region, his sister is looking for him. and in

these photos, the couple of the greats gennady and oleksandr lost contact with them last year in mariupol. the couple was last seen in a shed near the railway station together with the national police and the national information bureau, we are ready to help everyone, so if you know anything about people in search, write to our email or call 102 or 4:48 p.m. history search see what fridays at 10:45 p.m. search and don't give up 1+1 continues the national telethon at this time we are working in the format of the discussion

platform night watch in the studio maria vasilievna i am yevhen plinsky and the topic we have chosen for today's conversation is uh-uh sanctions that on the one hand work against russia, on the other hand we see an increase the development of russian armaments, the supply of chips for the double, triple export of important components to russia, so the question was definitely deserved. on february 24 , a blessing fire literally fell on russia, and sanctions and uh , experts calculated that since february 24 , 13.5 thousand different restrictions were imposed on russia. if we count from 2014, then together this number has already exceeded 16,000, this is together with personal sanctions with everything with everything but nevertheless it seemed that such a massive attack on russia should stop its industry

because it remains without critically important technologies and nevertheless it continues to work and in some places, unfortunately, russia even continues to increase the volume of production , in particular of missiles, in particular of drones and other types of weapons that are now flying over us, why is the quantity not converted into quality, we will talk in the studio with oleg we welcome olezhe as hetman economist and we will be joined by oleg kotkov expert columnist defense express in a few minutes we will start let's start with the key question that is on the minds of ukrainians one and a half years of unprecedented sanctions

against russia, but we do not see the expected collapse of the economy and empty shelves in stores and empty pockets of russians . prepared for this for many years, as it turned out, it was not so easy to make these reserves in such a short period of time to lead to a certain collapse of the economy, and economists said about it from the beginning, leading economists gave the world forecasts for many years that these sanctions will be suffocating for many years and will lead only to a gradual effect. and now, yes, in 1.5 years, while we have it, we can see the indicators that every russian can already see, this is a significant devaluation , yes, the dollar is already within 100 rubles for one euro dollar already exceeded 100 rubles a long time ago and this will all lead to inflation to the impoverishment of every russian and they

will feel it more and more . yes, they were preparing, on the second hand, this is significant oil and gas income, which we will talk about later, which fortunately falls every day. and on the third hand, these are huge countries with billions of people, india and china, which partially save this aggressor country, in fact, not so much and for a long time. passed and some sanctions still worked better and some less well. in your opinion, which sanctions still turned out to be more effective? over the past year and a half, which we have seen how it works , which are the least effective, because it seems to me that the military-industrial sector somehow did not work out very efficiently there, but on the other hand, yesterday i spoke with a ukrainian official. he said that

the sanctions worked very well in the energy sector. in his opinion , what do you think? well, we have been following this full-scale war with a group of economists since the beginning of this full-scale war sanctions, we gave proposals regarding sanctions, we constantly met with representatives there, international experts, with michael mcflull, co-chair of the international group on stations, constantly discussed which would be the most effective and from the fact that we we see well, in fact, the best and the most losses are inflicted on the enemy in the sanctions related to the oil and gas sector, in fact , energy and everything related to it , the sanctions that were imposed on the financial sector, the shutdown of swift banks, well, that's just at that time it seemed that these were the most severe sanctions in general, what can be done to give russia a break from words, but compared to the sanctions that began to be imposed later, those sanctions already look so moderate well, yes, the banks there

began to conduct transactions a little longer yes, 80% , if brothers on the total volume of the banking sector is disconnected from swift, but they work through small banks through double wiring and, in principle, they learned to bypass it the same applies to sanctions on various e-e spare parts with chips, everything else they learned to do it too at first it looked like silk and then through kyrgyzstan, kazakhstan and other countries that help little by little , this import from developed countries began, which then , after several stops there, is delivered to the aggressor country, so all the sanctions are yes, too they work on average, and the most important thing is that we, what we counted on, is the reduction of the oil and gas revenues of the russian federation by approximately two times, which significantly affected their federal budget, a huge budget deficit, they are eating up their reserves, their national revitalization fund, and this is very good for us

we can already see it on the indicators a little later, let's talk in more detail now let's add oleg kadkova , expert columnist of defest express , editor-in-chief of programs of the information consulting company defense express to the broadcast congratulations to olezhe on the air, and i would like to hear your opinion, your analysis of the point at which the sanctions are effective. analytics that they and the modernization of the t-80 and 90 tanks are gradually being restored. your evaluation of the effectiveness is precisely in this context of the weakening of the military e-e component of russia. first of all, it is necessary to understand that the sanctions in the defense industrial complex

the russian federation was imposed even after the annexation of crimea in the 14th year , then it was about the fact that the export to the russian federation of military components of military electronics of the military class and above, military and spacey, was prohibited to the russian federation. mistral when a large number of western components were used in weapons samples, technologies, as is known there , the su-57 gun and all these projects logically collapsed after the 14th year because there was no banal reason to make them and precisely not the level of 2020 is 1.5 thousand tanks of the well format, there is only a psikh that makes a noise from time to time on red square, an important aspect is that during this time of the 14th year, the russian federation did not sit idly by, unfortunately, it did not, it simply began to use civilian components that really it is possible to buy eh, there were certain critical aspects, for example, thermal

imaging matrices where tanks were just modernized t-72 b3 and 80 bvm over the same t-90m breakthrough and but they marked all the matrices through belarus after the already full-scale poisoning this channel also stopped, but rashisty went in such a way that they actually carried out a depression of their tanks, they carried out some modernization from and now there are 2 or the third sample of the so-called in 2022, which and 80 bvm, in 2022 , the sight is no longer installed like the pine in, it is installed much easier and the thermal imaging sight is also one pn96 , well, its modernization. it has many times worse characteristics, both in terms of the target detection range and simply the resolution k- excellent, but it’s like you. well, it does not stop the production of the tanks themselves, and in fact, this the mechanism they use most likely in the production of any of their weapons, you just have to imagine here if there was no sanction, that is

, they would leave the same volume of output with the same quality, but hmm, in general, the russian federation has a huge experience in countering the sanction , it is necessary to mention such a thing that the soviet union was under them all its life , well, it existed in this format for tens of years, and it was not, but it was allowed to produce exact copies of some. one er and three is possible now. it is also possible to choose the modern experience of sanctions. it is possible to look at iran, from which the russian federation orders weapons of stones in the form of shikheds and frames. it has been under significant sanctions since 1979, and this is not very. how is this something of global influence? affects globally, but it still does not mean that the country is sliding into the stone age, and it is also their china factor that can

supply the really critical necessary components to the russian federation and do it in the most secret way p olezhe alarmed many ukrainians a few weeks ago propaganda unconditional plot of russian television where some super mass production of drones for russia was shown and we know that russia well, they never managed to put these wonderwaffles on the series, so to speak, but they managed to put the production of lancets on the stream and now they are incredibly annoying our military on the front lines what do you think, er, can russia really produce in the near future in such a large number of these drones that we will have a er, new headache and maybe even a bigger one compared to missiles or compared to

with the martyrs we have seen over the past year and a half, can it turn into some really critical problem, especially if production does not stop due to the stoppage of the supply of these microchips to russia, because according to experts, only in the last six months have these microchips , prohibited a, been imported into russia half a billion dollars. how do you think the situation with drones will develop? they are investing a lot of money in this if you don't consider this propaganda plot. the fact is that it was filmed quite skillfully, but you have to give credit. it is called to highlight the skill of russian operators who were able to show all this without showing the main thing. that is, it is about the fact that, for example, in the city of storage of finished products, there were just mirrors, one racks on which a large number of drones should be stored at once. it is the production capacity, despite the statement there about some huge amount, and it’s not

as if a million drones are not suitable there - it ’s dad and the star warriors, they showed two sta- machines with chad software control, well it is not about thousands of drones per month, in any case, what is the aspect right now, russia is investing huge funds in the development of drones in their production, scaling up production there, it is about what if we take information from russian opposition journalists, they are investing 10 billion dollars in the creation of the production of drones by noblemen in the 1936s on the territory of a particularly economic industrial zone, but the figures are tatar and the numbers are actually quite real, because the full-fledged production of this class of weapons was created in this way - it is about billions of dollars and also there was announced a period of several years for the plant itself to reach full capacity, this is also a reality in relation to the microcircuit, so it must be understood that there are no military microcircuits, they do not belong to the military class, they are not a fact, why do they belong to the class of dusters , which can also be found by some sanctions there

are microcircuits that are civil that objectively you can go and order on aliexpress there you don’t even need to build any additional all the necessary circuits regarding the electronics itself it’s simple it is possible to purchase like this there will be no such separate threads, there will not be such a huge highway along which there will be a huge flow of necessary components, but from separate threads and such orders, through really there second third fourth fifth lessons everything will be implemented and again in the russian federation er-e huge experience in this is because they can protest and blow the dust off those channels that were used during the times of the ussr. and do we and the world understand how to stop this double export , which, after all, is russia, what kind of russia is it, russia simply bypasses all the prohibitions that we would like to see well, we see an investigation by foreign media about the fact that even companies from those countries that fully support ukraine turn

out to somehow end up in russia by supplying them . chains, when it comes to civilian components, it is more than difficult to block , it is possible, it is just really necessary to build some kind of huge 20-meter fence around the russian federation, then choose what to pour in, and here we are we simply have the china factor, which is not connected to the sanctions , which could supply something on its own, if we take the stories of the cossacks from china in general, then there was a banal situation at the end of last year, the russian federation exported something massive directly from china, a mass plane of four ruslans, there is a situation when the day arrives and two such planes take off for you, such huge military transport planes with something so that it was not announced, there was a standard situation uh, what exactly did they

export by weight? is this from the time of airplanes, maybe it was just uh, and electronic components we but it seems to me that it was even just high-precision to grow that are needed for the production of weapons, because the sanctions affected not only the ban on the export of the units themselves, as they drove, and everything else, they also touched on the maintenance of high-precision machines on which weapons are now being produced, but this was also russia rather than it was they who found a way out of this situation, how to fight if, objectively, returning to the example of iran, they did not find ways that would effectively allow, somehow, why are you opposing in this , another example is the dprk, which in general is just simply isolated country and despite this, they also brag about the development of weapons