[000:00:00;00] does this mean eight uh, seven or eight months under the german occupation of the hetmanship, the founding of the academy of sciences, and so on , today we have the eve of the independence day celebration. that is, we have how many 32 years , this is the 32nd anniversary, so if i'm not mistaken, 32 years of the existence of the ukrainian independent state 8:9 years of the liberation war, these things that er mean not only changed society, changed ours, but they also changed the future, the future of writing about history, and this should become the basis for the ukrainian unification history of the ukrainian unification between 91-2014-2022-23, that is, it is worth paying attention to this

story through which we live kryvava, but also tragically and playfully, and uh, descendants will refer to this story until these years, until these days, until - until these nights, in order to find support for myself, psychological, moral, to find heroes, to understand, to understand, also, not simple choices, what people did, it's not only heroism, i think that for us as historians, this is all a difficult task, but we need to pay more attention to such people in our last years for our last decades and try to build a new understanding of both the country and ourselves based on this experience if a woman

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dear ukrainian peoples, the day of the restoration of the independence of our motherland is a truly special holiday that reminds us of the importance of our unique national identity . we also honor god's remarkable gift of freedom . this is the time to ask about the trials that we have lived and are living through in order to protect and preserve this priceless gift. independence day of ukraine testifies to us about the importance of truth , courage, justice, stability and love , because it was these virtues that prompted the actions of the fighters for the restoration of our statehood. to establish ourselves and all our further formation today, and for which we have something to thank god for and something to be proud of, and we should never forget the great feat that our defenders do every day to commemorate the independence of ukraine, we also have a great responsibility before future generations to achieve victory and build a just country to keep faith and the spirit of landmarks to increase the well-being of the people and cherish our centuries-old cultural heritage , so may god's blessing accompany us

on this path so that we achieve unity the dreamed victory of a just peace and further blessed successes, the great god, the only one, preserves ukraine for us. i just want to clarify such a fundamental question as how does the historical responsibility of the state differ from the historical responsibility of the nation? to the reich to the german state as it is, we know that there were states, they were state institutions. they acted in different ways, but they were in different relations with the reich, but somehow they were participants as state institutions of the same holocaust. well, let's say that the croatian state remembers that it was one attitude to the holocaust, and there was the bulgarian state of tsar boris, it will be a different attitude to the holocaust

, but all this is possible precisely as the work of state institutions and as their dialogue, if at all then it was in a normal form and with its own society, well, in bulgaria there was a bulgarian demonstration against the deportation of bulgarian jews, they ended in success and people were saved, but if the people do not have statehood, if individual representatives of this nation let them participate in these or other crimes in large numbers. i am not even referring only to the holocaust. i am referring to the volyn tragedy, etc., can we say that a people who do not have state institutions are just as responsible for this or that great crime as a state institution as a state as such because it seems to me that in our understanding and in the understanding of our neighbors, by the way, it is also somehow equalized and i do not know how

correct it is. it is clear that especially in the context of the second in the world, especially in the context of the holocaust, there are countries and states that conquer and control other peoples, other territories, impose on them a certain model of ideological behavior, and so on. in czech for the fact that they participate in one way or another, are involved in some eyes, are connected with a crime, i guess we are throwing a lot of responsibility on me, a little more freedom

in the conditions in the conditions of the occupation but again it is quite limited, but hmm, the responsibility of a certain one is definitely and for me very important here, for example, i will leave the second world war and the situation of the holocaust a little, but they well, what i will talk about, they are related to the issue of today's russian aggression against ukraine. is it putin's war, or is it russia's war? well, it is clear that putin is a very important figure in all of this history, but it is also a product produced by russian society , as hitler was provoked by the other six produced by german society, and this society creates this model of the state and this model of behavior and this model of behavior creates society . so i think what the limit of how much it is some regime

that occupied the country de jure or de facto is an important component but there is responsibility there is responsibility shared and responsibility that common and especially when it comes to what you do with this experience of yours, well, i'm so negative, i'm a criminal, and so on . how do you feel about it? the most important component, well then, if you are talking about turning to the topic of russia, then we can also ask questions here that were very relevant in the first months of the war, now they don’t talk about it so much , but i tried to think about it too and now i think it is the responsibility of the non-russian peoples of russia russians have a real state of their own, and indeed this state gave birth to vladimir putin in one way or another, and this is a question of national origin , because in the russian leadership there are people of different national origins serhiy

shaibuk who is to blame, let's say ethnic it is clear from the origin of alek that all these people are served by russian shogunism in one form or another and in its form, but the peoples of russia who have quasi-states that graze do not protect their interests, where they do not study those national languages, where their national culture and their heritage are completely distorted where everything possible is being done to prove their inferiority and second-hundredthness, here they are as responsible as the russians for this war, do you remember how at the beginning of the war even russian propaganda tried to talk casually about the beets of the vitovynites, you accepted this and the facts as you can see, the buryats were in our motorcycle village in the kyiv region, they acted like beasts, and

the chechens from kadyliv acted even more permissively, and it was as if the responsibility was transferred from the russians, who essentially created this state and this army and this aggression, who need ukraine as their original land. on small nations that are, in principle, very far from all this , from even europe, but they became much more responsible and cruel than those who started this war and those who have their own state interest in this war. of course, this is it classic imperial imperial practice that is, you conquer the territory, you began to use these territories, this is this population, to continue your intelistic war, and then you can fix it. that is, this is this, this is not the first time, this is not the first time. that is, all these wild divisions and so on .

that it's not us it's asians somewhere in europe they came and did something there and so on here we are here tchaikovsky we we read we admire to give and so on and so on that is, have these things already these things already happened the responsibility of these peoples. as such, i do not have any specific form for what to talk about, but i have a very specific parallel that i think can help us think about it, what is our responsibility for what the soviet union did in the same footsteps of europe 39- 40 years for what he did in europe after the 45th year, that is, in fact , in ukraine, there were no ukrainians in ukraine, except for

your family on the other hand. well, the ukrainian party elite was one of the most influential in the soviet union, that is, i studied the history of kyiv, i studied the history of the caribbean crises, because the key decisions about whether or not to shoot at an american plane over cuba were made by two generals, the last name of one was buckwheat, the other was pumpkin, that is , whether buckwheat is pumpkin, that is, i do not know who they were in terms of their identity. well, this is also a question of ethnicity or territoriality that is, this is a difficult question, but this is this, this is a very real and important question for us too. i think today it would be better to answer the question about buryatia, that is, is he thinking about ours, about our role of children and the soviet union well, i think that is of great importance. at the beginning of our conversation, we talked about all these new russian textbooks

, but the context is also important. if you want education in imperial or non-imperial times, you can even think of soviet times. you see, i thought about it just when i was borodyantsi looked at this shot monument of shevchenko during the ceremony of awarding the shevchenko prize that shevchenko was somehow a soldier of the russian empire, who actually always ridiculed and lied to this empire and created his poetry such an image of that the russian empire, on which we were all brought up, which is an alternative to the image of the russian empire that russians know. i mean not even from history textbooks, because it seems to me that culture can act stronger than history in the soviet union . nations at least until the 17th year, but students in the schools of soviet russia

taught lermontov, taught pushkin about georgia, which blossomed with the patience of friendly bayonets, about the polish uprising, sports of the slavs among themselves, and this the best russian poets wrote beautiful words in beautiful works with landscapes. i would say those countries that were conquered by the russian army, either in the caucasus, or in poland, or in ukraine, some of the best ukrainian landscapes were created by pushkin in mazepa's poem, which is essentially er, the imperial myth about mazepa and such an answer was not admired by byron, and on the other hand, there were students of the schools of soviet ukraine, we learned all this in schools from moldavian to dauphin in all languages , everything is silent, cherek, saklya, i will remember everything of yours from childhood, and this i would say could

to create anti-imperial peoples and also pavlo grabovskyi and also ivan franko and lesya ukrainka all these poets were anti-imperial at the time of which they are russian, you can say contemporaries, the best of their russian contemporaries praised the empire and you already know that , a failure for a century, not understanding well yes, you mentioned shevchenko's words about from the moldavian dauphin, well, all of them are not mentioned either. the testaments of alexander pushkin, the ethers of the steppes, kolomyk should consider him his national poet , his national poet, yes, yes

. that is, it is very, very different narratives and they as if they were present, in particular, from ukraine, well, one of the lessons of russian literature, the other of the lessons of ukrainian literature, but the question is also that the children who studied it mean, well, there are comparisons, which are formed , which are formed by the teacher, and the understanding of what is read is also formed by reading, and because of this, i would like to emphasize the importance of the importance of the teacher's troll and the most important role and stage in all of these stories, because bullying could happen, happened in fact, of any texts, that is, the same

shevchenko was appropriated by the soviet soviet literary standard after the end of the soviet union. tamara hondurova wrote a book about the frankish stones , that is , shevchenko was a stonemason. we are trying to understand him and i am not joining this conversation now with whom is the united states of america where a big discussion is currently unfolding regarding the decommunization of the russian or of the russian-centric history of literature where, in fact, almost for the first time in the mainstream, that is, the main questions are questions about the imperial e and the key infection of the merits of russian literature, which was initially recognized as the basis of french english literature, but somehow russian actually remained the subject of absolute adoration

and idealization, and this is now changing changes because of the events in ukraine and specifically because of the ukrainian ukrainian resistance. so i would just like to say that these processes do not only concern ukraine or of the post-soviet space and in general, the image of the post-soviet space, the russian space in the world, and uh, with the trigger for these discussions, became exactly the opposite in ukraine, well , we can say that ukrainians can be not only witnesses, but also participants in this rethinking of uh, the russian imperial cultural narrative and the russian - of the imperial past, because it seems to me that we do not fully even give ourselves an account today in this role in which this russian heritage played in

the formation of even the current ukrainian perception of the world, this situation, which has opened thanks to the heroism of ukraine and the ukrainian army and the ukrainian people, will not last forever, if we want to somehow influence it , we need to be included in these processes, we need to speak, we need to communicate, sometimes it is very difficult, that is, look at modern discussions in ukrainian on the internet about good russians, that is, communication with anyone is actually excluded, it is interpreted as a possible betrayal, but what does this mean, it means the creation of a ghetto at this key moment where we we remain our own truth and limit our ability to actually influence the change of the broader narrative and perception of ourselves and the world around us, again, this is a unique

opportunity and somehow to waste which, from my point of view, was a crime, well, there is still a big question, how much the russian community, even the migration community, is even liberally ready for a discussion if it does not put this community , i would say, and cultural and historical preferences on a pedestal, because that is how people can speak out against putin, but they still do not have there is no doubt that russia is the center of this whole civilization, everyone who thinks otherwise is an enemy or someone who pretends for the sake of hype, to put it simply, i completely understand what you are talking about. i know such people, but i also know other people who did not exist until 2022 of the year that have appeared now and we need to talk to these people. i mean that it seems to me that russian society itself, at least partially , should do its own work on mistakes

, realize at least the weight of its own culture in the world context. it seems to me that this too the soviet influence, mr. sergey, because everyone in the soviet union was sincerely convinced that they were aware of the role of their own culture and that they could compare it with world cultural values. and this is a complete lie, because soviet culture existed in a certain isolation from the world cultural context and from the historical context and from scientific context, and only now can people have the opportunity to understand the real weight of their cultural and scientific heritage on the scales of shared history with the world, and the majority does not want to do this, that is, it is happening hiding behind the idea means a separate civilization, uniqueness, and so on. if we are a separate civilization, then of course, of course, anything that happens here is unique, it does not

need any dialogue with the surrounding new, excellent and uh, this is this is this is very serious very a serious problem, but changes have begun and we have the opportunity to either support the changes or to isolate ourselves and not support them , which means subjecting it to something written on the portal . in fact, the way is open for some interpretations, which, in fact, will be will be completely different, if not contradictory, compare it with our experience with our ideas, that is, not with fighters . the door that was opened hmm by the ukrainian ukrainian people

, it was strategic, it was big. well, then it is also very important to understand that we can enter any door, which if we ourselves do not consider itself as some kind of separate civilization that is constantly trying to reinvent the wheel and that's what ukraine should be in europe in the future, what should be its place in europe . what do you think that, at the end of our conversation , ukraine today appeared in europe as some in robes behind the scenes of a knight. i don't know the defender of the border, the european border guard, well, ukraine went to war with the russian army, which only the chemist liked in 1940, and the poles, for various reasons, could not fight on two sides

in 1968 czechoslovakia did not even try to do it. hungary did not succeed, that is, such a big industrial large-scale war. well, we arise as a warrior and it was not, it was not our choice , it was not the choice of ukraine and the troubles. in this way, we have already entered the next question to reach socio-economic, civilizational, cultural, and even the biggest question for us here is not even democracy. although now there are big question marks. to what extent will we be able to survive the military experience and remain a democracy, i will still remain here as a city

, but the question is to vote, that is, in fact, we will be able to be a people the nation of ukraine, which will put the law higher than any other ethnic, social, economic, and so on interests of certain groups. that is, it is a key issue, but it seems to me purely from a military point of view points of view that is, we, we elected local, create, continue the border, the border of europe further to the east, that is, from my point of view, it is a matter of time, such integration, integration in the sense of a secure europe, not ensuring this security, but culturally, culturally and legally

integration under culture, first of all, i have , have a culture of rights, this it will be the most historically for us . thank you, mr. serhiy. once again, i congratulate you on the holiday. the obstacle is not with my knees from knee pain try dolgit cream dolgit cream relieves pain, reduces swelling and improves joint mobility, you can also walk the only yellow cream for joint pain buy with a 20% discount long cream 150 g in pharmacies pharmacy nt pharmacy penny pharmacy layer and what

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, lawyers, the tasks facing the newly formed body, the council must take part in the qualification of more than 2,000 judges, watch the judicial program on thursday, august 24 at 5:45 p.m. control with tetyana shustrova on the espresso tv channel 17:00 in ukraine for your attention news release on the espresso tv channel in the studio of iryna koval us president biden assured ukrainians of