[000:00:00;00] on ukrainian territory, the galician-volyn state, the galician-volyn kingdom, existed for 150 years, twice as many as the soviet union , for example, if we move on to the end of the 15th century , two separate principalities of podilsk and kyiv were created as part of the grand duchy of lithuania. of course, these were principalities and a state within a state, but anyway we are talking about statehood now. imagine that these two principalities existed until the end of the 15th century.

years in the whirlwind of the national liberation war , which was first led by bohdan khmelnytskyi and in the second half of the 17th century, the ukrainian state hetmanship appeared . the ukrainian people's republic , and then at the end of 1918 , a year later, a year later , the west ukrainian people's republic appears with its center in lviv, and then these two republics of the ukrainian people's republic and the zunr proclaimed in kyiv on sofia square this was already at the beginning of 1919 the act of zluk now many ukrainians associate themselves with the cossacks, this is especially noticeable now in the conditions of the full-scale invasion of independence bohdan khmelnytskyi as the hetman of this state was recognized recognized and the swedes recognized there and the seven grads well when is it now romania

is, let's say, central european state entities at the time recognized that whether the march articles of 1654 by bohdan khmelnytskyi can be considered the starting point of the russian occupation, because the hetmanship was actually came under the influence of russia. if we talk about the fate of the hetmanship, then indeed, in the pereyaslav oral agreements in january and then in the march articles, this is already a document , the original of which has not been officially preserved, or we do not know that it has been preserved. two states concluded an agreement between themselves , there are obligations, mutual obligations, it is easiest to blame bohdan khmelnytskyi, once bohdan khmelnytskyi concluded, then he is guilty of everything no, not everything is so simple bohdan khmelnytskyi he chose the least evil among those that existed. he had to oppose

the polish-lithuanian commonwealth at that time, which had an armed army and such a more regular, or rather state , and was so strong at that time . here in the east is an orthodox state , and he calculated that since we are orthodox, we are not just christians. and we are orthodox, so it means that we must unite and we will unite together and resist the spread of catholicism. no, in 2.5 years it is the year 1656 muscovite, let's say muscovite tsar concludes an agreement behind the back of bohdan khmelnytskyi with the polish king of the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, so they agree to divide the division of ukraine into the polish-lithuanian commonwealth and the muscovite state, and this division will continue there for several stages, well, practically at the end of the 18th century, until russia

swallows the russian empire now the commonwealth of nations if we talk about the birth of a political nation , when ukrainians begin to form as a political nation and what becomes the catalyst of this process in the second half of the 17th century, here is what ukrainians, ukrainians rose up against the foreign presence, after all, against foreign oppression. so they set themselves the goal of getting rid of this foreign. well, then , the polish, how neurotic does it sound , where is the yoke? lasted, but the second half of the 17th century also during the 18th century, then in the 19th century, ukrainian lands were part of two empires , the austro-hungarian empire, the austrian empire , the austro-hungarian empire, and the russian empire, but here

the formation of the ukrainian nation continued and this manifested itself in the fact that ukrainians are starting to create the first such illegal political organizations, the well-known cyril-methodiev brotherhood - this is the first political illegal , that is, illegal under those imperial laws , such an organization that aimed to determine the political future of ukraine . 1890s , the first full-fledged ukrainian political parties appear in galicia, the beginning of the 20th century. the first years of 1900 and 1902, there and so on, ukrainian political parties appear already in naddnipryanska for ukraine in the russian empire, this process is crowned by the ukrainian national revolution, which began in 1917, and the fact that

a national revolution broke out on ukrainian lands, this was evidence that the ukrainian nation had already taken place, why in 1922, after gaining ukraine, lost its statehood what is the reason here , there are many, many reasons, well, here, if we talk , for example, about some such, you know, historical miscalculations of the ukrainian political leadership at the time, they usually talk about the underestimation of this military factor the development of the ukrainian army was not paid enough attention, and when the bolshevik invasion at the beginning of 1918 in january, well, it simply poured into the territory of ukraine, it turned out that even kyiv was not defended by anyone, i can’t help but recall putin’s pseudo-historical speech before the full-scale invasion where he noted that ukraine was supposedly created by lenin and the lands

were generously given to us by the bolsheviks. how can you comment on this fake? he made such ideas public not in february of 2022 for the first time, but in 2008 at the bucharest summit there where ukraine and georgia were not given this plan of action regarding membership in nato at that time, he already said so in a speech then, and it was 2008 , and then on july 12, on russia day in 2021 , an article was published on the official website of the president of the russian federation dedicated to exactly that in the historical unity of the ukrainian and russian peoples, i always draw attention to the fact that this article was published on the official website of the russian president, clearly in russian, but also in ukrainian, why

? of an open invasion, there was a whale of these aggressive intentions for us, it was an absolutely open and unforgiving warning . well, and then really literally in february of the 22nd year , really in an interview with the head of such an interview , then he repeated it again well, what will we say here , we will say what we, what we already talked about with you, that ukrainian statehood has, well, let's say at least as many as there are at least a thousand years, if we take from the russian state. so, well, let's say that the deer is , of course, an evil genius, but not so much as to have with the goal of creating ukraine, absolutely not lenin would have been the same russian imperialist. although he fought against imperialism in his writings, let's say western , he thought in terms of russian imperial

categories, and for him, ukraine was only a part of this soviet space . the last question is how the full-scale war affected the self-identification of ukrainians as a nation . in this case, the resistance of ukraine and ukrainians, the frantic resistance in the great power russia acted as a catalyst for this ukrainian identity , the ukrainians are a little underestimated, you and i underestimate this factor of self-identification of internal identity for us, along with these very positive features such as democracy, nobility, a positive attitude to work , and so on, our inherent inferiority we underestimate ourselves, and this is difficult historically . after all, they tried to humiliate ot in court

, and it is giving its results, now, that is why we underestimate ourselves, we underestimate ourselves , and that is why, after the ukrainians immediately showed that we will not agree to someone i came to kyiv, and there are still a lot of things to do, even to lviv or odesa, and he pointed out how we should live. you really know that there was such a big blow to this inferiority complex. indeed, the ukrainians themselves, we looked at where we can, we can resist , we can fight, the fact that the ukrainians are holding the blow now

indeed, it works to strengthen the identity of the chevrons that are approaching victory, the enemies thought that independence was just a word for us, but from the first steps on our land, they were convinced that for centuries we defend our independence and are ready to fight for it again, the defense forces of ukraine stubbornly relentlessly, step by step, they are choosing, biting out, squeezing out of the enemy's claws our earth, our will, our independence, we thank you for every moment and for this day, we prove our independence every day, energy is the basis

of any state, any economy, we are dealing with terrorists they wanted to immerse us in it's dark there, they have power plants , each of you knows what it's like to freeze on the street -10 here we have -10 to deprive life-giving energy, they definitely wanted to black out, but we managed and destroyed their plans when we block they put restrictions on ukraine disappeared because the energy of indomitability burns in the hearts of ukrainians documentary project september 2 at 10:10 p.m. i was sitting at work turned on the stream from the maidan

the body sounded i need a doctor urgently i need a doctor i need a medic i'm injured i'm sitting in my elegant office at work nothing i'm doing and i understand what's needed. a doctor. i 'm a doctor. i 'm sitting here. months of open confrontation i know that dad is doing this with honey i know that he has been helping like this since the 14th year i am a doctor i can give her

a reward i call and ask yes you need me come i have a box for people who need to be sorted out well from a small box of medicines this was born everything we saw, we are going to give happiness and health to people, oh my children, my good ones, what kind of tears are they, why and beautiful thank you well, you come and i won't do anything and she is already thanking you dear

hello hello papa live live hurray i have painkillers so that i can still five planted onions degrees no vopros sejách let's do it at least in space 110/7 residents who live there they can't get to the doctor because there is no transport, a grandmother who simply can't leave the house and she only walks around the territory of her yard that's the kind of people there are in essence the main ones are those to whom we are going. we decided that we will simply pass through the surrounding villages in a planned manner. and in this way we came to not almost the entire kyiv region, and because of the pressure in it, the grandchildren also came to rain. there may be shelling, there may be

something else. and you are providing medical assistance at this moment and you simply adapt to new ones conditions and this is the exam every time and you can and you can't and you can and you can't you can and you can't so i love love my good i'm glad you're alive healthy it's your performance it's all you where you were near the war they fled the basements the last one is calm it's good we look no i believe that this is a large-scale thing. i still think that we have such pirates who try to do something that the system does not do. good afternoon. do i know you a little? let me look at your pen . what we do is useful and it inspires

us to do more after such trips. it's clear, they're so good . i think they're gone. i'm tired now. you've worked hard. you've done everything. you've done everything . to understand that we will not be together with my daughter 24 were very close to my daughters in germany congratulations you look beautiful you have a wonderful hat yes yes i understood you went shopping i realize yes that i am not a perfect mother but really considering that i had 17 nights alternations, maybe i didn't add some part

of myself to the children the older i get, the more we talk even now, living there in different countries, we talk a lot okay, come on, i love you, come on, dad, dad , dad, i still have a pregnant woman, yes, i do there is another, well, the other part has work, and the fact that i am going to the gynecological clinic for me is a definite answer, rest, because the rhythm is a little different. here we have two hands together, and there is already a knee , please come to me. this is your son, this mother has met everyone . hello, here i am showed everything like that then the people around you are complaints and

for this it is worth living it is worth waking up every day it is worth forgiving children it is like this yes i can do everything chevrons that bring victory closer the enemies thought that independence was just a word for us but from the first steps on our land they we have been convinced for centuries, we defend our independence and are ready to fight

for it again, the defense forces of ukraine are stubbornly relentless, step by step, win, gnaw, squeeze out of the enemy's claws our land, our will, our independence, thank you for every moment and for this day, we prove independence every day in order to build a city that will become the beginning of a state. to christen it and protect it with saber and mace, to nurture its language despite the ban, to rise up, to fight for independence on the granite and on the maidan, to repel enemies with the dignity of the great family, courage is needed national bank of ukraine courage to be

ukrainians, we continue our marathon military aid in the amount of 250 million dollars will be provided by the united states as part of the next package reuters reports that the new package includes air defense missiles shells for haimars artillery equipment for demining javelin and other anti-tank systems and missiles according to the latest reuters poll in june this year, support for the provision of arms to ukraine in the united states is increasing let's listen according to the june 2023 reuters-ipsos poll 81% of democrats support the supply of american weapons in ukraine, as well as 56% of republicans and 57% of citizens across parties generally support american citizens providing weapons to ukraine to protect against of russian aggression increased by

19% in june 2023. compared to may of the same year, an online survey was conducted among one thousand and four adult respondents in the united states, the error is about four percent , at the same time, according to the director of the institute of public opinion of muhlenberg college in pennsylvania , christopher borika, with the approach of the presidential elections, support for ukraine among republicans and the working class may decrease, and let's discuss this issue together with volodymyr dubovyk, he is the director of the mr. volodymyr vitau center for international studies thank you for joining our marathon so late. glory to ukraine. good evening. glory to the heroes. please tell me what you think or whether there are really risks that the support among the

population of the united states of ukraine may decrease. on the relations between our countries, there is such a risk, unfortunately, and it is already happening, this and the process, this trend is a trend, and those sociological surveys that were just shown on your broadcast are the beginning of summer, and now it is the end of summer, and well, i made such a fuss and we were all a bit excited by the recent well-known poll from cnn where we found out that 55% of americans believe that there is no need to provide new large-scale systemic support to ukraine, that the provision is already enough , then this is turning into a certain problem, why is this happening, tired of the war, so it is not surprising because ukraine is fighting and some other countries that are not fighting in this war are getting tired , but at the same time, i understand that large sums have been transferred to ukraine, the understanding that many weapons

have been transferred is one of the topics that is used adversaries and support of ukraine, which is too heavily armed. they issued it, and therefore it has enough for itself for the next possible conflicts in which america has to protect its own interests . and well, i understand that you see a lot of help, but ukrainian troops are not vacating their territory quickly during of the summer offensive against our troops, it is also used by certain political players who say, well, we have provided help, but ukraine is fighting, not liberating, suffering because of russian attacks, ukrainian people are dying, too military and ukrainian civilians therefore, it is possible that this is not an option, then we must already look for ways of a peaceful solution, i.e. some kind of pressure on kyiv so that our leadership can agree with russia, in principle, such a discussion is possible within the united states. unfortunately , the views of trump and his entourage are also are quite popular among some americans at the highest level, we send tens of billions of dollars not everyone is sure that this is

in american interests, not everyone is sure that russian aggression against ukraine sets a precedent a threat to american interests, that is, here we must continue to work with them, we are liberating some territory , many in the west say, you see, ukrainians can we give money, give weapons, they heroically advance , fight well and liberate their territory and what kind of conflict and scandal do we have with corruption, yes trump and his entourage immediately say, well, they have always said that this is a corrupt country, there is no need to add weapons here, all the time they talk about the fact that weapons of which we have two in ukraine are entering the black market, although no one had any proof that such a thing can happen, what is happening inside america. unfortunately, the polarization between different political forces is insane . if biden says that the security must be maintained , it automatically means that the opposition , the republicans, well, most of them have still found a number of them who say that this should not

be done, but there are a lot of them. current theories about what ukraine is doing and not doing what kind of conflict is this or who is to blame for it in frankly speaking, is it possible to defeat russia or must russia be defeated because it will lead to the possible use of nuclear weapons third of a direct confrontation between america and russia, all of this, the americans do not want even an open and active opening, they actively support ukraine, of course they do not want a direct confrontation between the united states and russia, that is why all these factors and arguments are used, but we need to work with them and we need the baidu administration to to be honest, it is also close to actively reminding americans on a daily basis why exactly america supports ukraine, why it is in american interests, and unfortunately, from the point of view of pr work and communication with society, they are not here either you sometimes do very good work. by the way, you mentioned the international situation, and you probably didn't say that personally about china , because various republican

politicians are saying that it is worth pulling the united states over to russia , so to speak russia to change its sides with china, here are these thoughts in general , how widespread they are now from your point of view or with the information you have in american society that the main enemy, conditionally yes, for america, is china russia yes, very high-quality professional questions today, questions from your side . thank you. and with regard to china, what you just voiced is mainly this position, which is strange, so sensational and baseless, which mr. white creams quarrels have now taken. part of ukraine to russia, then russia will calm down and we will need it. we will tell them yes, we will also demand that they withdraw from china and they

will listen to us . you see, part of america is just oriented towards such a sensational moment and throws it in, yes, they like it, but for others , there are those who say that there is too much aid for ukraine, they interfere with the concentration of attention on china, or let's say, will we have money for a war with china if we give too much will there be enough weapons in ukraine? and now there is such a serious discussion with the experts in the administration that they say we cannot give long-range missiles an attack on the ukrainians because we do not have many of them. well, in such a case, if we are going to fight, i will wipe them to use them there. but experts say that if there is, god forbid, a war between america and china, it is unlikely. and even then, they will be involved. because it will be a completely different war, rather in the air, on the sea, this is why

i am this discussion yes many people say from the american such leading e inherent such normal preton e e experts e say that on the contrary if we help ukraine, it will weaken russia and russia is an important ally for china, therefore, in principle , we weaken china if we help ukraine ah and because of this we must continue to do this, because i am a bond and will not break it, but if russia is defeated in this war thanks to the heroism of ukrainians and our help, then it will be a bow. it will only be in our interests and china. there will only be a weakening of the international arena, mr. volodymyr, you thanked me for the question. i want to thank you for the interesting and meaningful answers. in my opinion, it was volodymyr dubovyk, director of the center for international studies, but we are not abandoning the topic of relations between ukraine and the united states of america. on our broadcast, because we are adding oleksandr kraev to our conversation, he is an expert of the ukrainian prizma foreign policy council, and

mr. oleksandr. i welcome you on the air, too. thank you for joining the marathon at such a late hour . you did not know that you heard my conversation with mr. volodymyr dubovyk . they talked about public opinion in the united states of america regarding ukraine's support for the war against russia . what is your opinion about our diplomacy? how can the diplomatic corps additionally influence this public opinion, or should we focus our efforts specifically on american governments? to also start talking with republicans, who sometimes republican politicians express enough well, so to speak, extravagant thoughts , the process has just been discussed by volodymyr dubovik , should it be done? maybe you know what is being done