[000:00:00;00] if we don't want to reveal anything superfluous, this is volyn at one time, if you remember, there was a big threat of defeat, well, at least the probability of that direction eh. there we were preparing for this threat to block positions eh , we already had certain tasks, we already had certain boundaries that we were going to occupy keep the kharkiv direction, well, conditionally now, here we are already working there, it is kupyan, kreminna, but in different parts of this direction, in different periods of time, we also visited kupyan and podsvatov, but

now under krymin, and again, again from spring probably for about three months under bakhmut they supported the actions of the silicas, they tried to get the city, they even tried to get the suburbs . well, what they were able to do, they did it, from what i can see , a lot of forces and resources have been accumulated on this stretch from kupyansk to kremennoye, and then with the data, which, well, in the fall, they fall into open development, they still accumulate them and bring them here again, the power of candles, in principle, this was also a question. when will they try to implement all this from time to time, they tried to press in all directions. well, as you can see in the area svatovo-kupyansk now they have increased the pressure a lot and are having some success, although again, they are pushed back by the partial defense forces, but from what i see from open sources, it is very difficult there now and from what i

remember there conventionally, the terrain and the terrain and the situation there, well, it’s not easy, it’s quite difficult, because there are a lot of means of reconnaissance of the operative, in fact, the entire distance to the entire depth is perfect, it’s er, achievable for artillery, this creates very big problems for sheltering the troops of the sub squad to place some means of maneuvers there from the fact that the poserebryan forest well, if you remember, a few weeks ago, they also tried to realize their advantage, they included quite large means, well, thank you. let's say artillery, but not in our understanding. mainly, the work in the artillery for 3-4 days lost the will to carry out an offensive, and because even those lines that they were able to occupy

, the artillerymen simply disassembled, and the kasaps rolled back the next day again they stormed, they knocked out our infantry somewhere there, some er observation points or support points they occupied , again they sorted out the artillery, they again rolled back, they literally had enough there for 4-5 days of active operations, they were very difficult for the infantry er, but but but if it showed that they don't have a significant advantage here that would allow it to be fully realized, although again, well, in my opinion, this is an understanding. from that small window and the sector that i see , they have a lot of strength, resources, and the threat still remains, well, i hope that we there is enough strength here to throw back, it can even throw a little further, in your opinion, what we need

most now is aviation, maybe some anti-drone means , well, you know when he said that every cook can run the state. which i have, well, the aviation would of course be needed, it could provide the advantage of neutralizing those means that it does not use for defense against neutralizing their anti-tank means in artillery but again, this is a long way. well and the training of the crews is clearly not easy there, and in general we see that although we are given and given a lot of help, it is not enough without the fact that we see more artillery means, well, this is our pain, yes

, they shoot it more and that which shoots as far as possible so that we can keep in tension, we support the infantry to suppress some targets and it is a very big problem. still, in my opinion, this is an advantage in the air in means of intelligence and now, again, from those open sources that we see and from the way it arrives, it is an advantage in means guided munitions to balance it now, the katsaps are actively starting to not use buckets, uh, just like we use them, but for today, again, what kind of vision do we have that the advantage in numbers is on their side, and this is also a very big problem, because it is very difficult for us to lose those resources ah, understanding that even with the most modest calculations, if you take the human and technical resources there , they are outdated, but some reserves are somewhere between one and five. yes, this allows them to simply

create a very significant advantage locally in some areas, and we, in fact, have to charge conditionally protect each unit. and it is very difficult to do this without means of countering drones. many military men say that all men in ukraine should prepare for the fact that sooner or later they will find themselves at the front, that the war will last for a long time . i already said that, but we are her vision of the situation that was formed somewhere in 17-18 years, that it is worth preparing not only for men, but in general for everyone who remains in ukraine to the fact that, well, you know, this is a sore that will not

go away by itself, and what many have forgotten now the situation last march in february does not make the situation much safer conditionally, despite the lines and defenses, the means and measures that were created there in the north , the distance there is 110 km to kyiv from the border , it remains a distance that is achievable even for ground forces and for important landing forces for aviation and uh, you don't need to forget that they are also studying very hard, uh , mobilization is bigger, from what i see , they can afford to calmly wage war on those internal reserves in such economic conditions for another five years them there was no full-scale mobilization yet, and the resource they attracted, and two or three

more such federations they can afford conditionally without critical consequences for the economy . again, it is not visible that there are, let's say, the seeds. yes, there are painful weak spots that, of course, in the long term, should be attacked, and again , it is my personal impression that the conditional measure probably stopped at such strategies to exhaust the russian federation by the forces of ukraine, supplying the minimum necessary amount of weapons that allows us to hold back, but not giving enough of it so that we can change the situation sharply .

everything and at this stage they coincide and we thank you for the help that we have . without it, we definitely would not have survived in such a state. will impress the italian audience with a bright game you war megogo there are discounts on painkiller trio forte 10% in pharmacies porodoznik bam and oschad there are discounts on voltaren forte and voltaren emulgel 20% in pharmacies porozonik bam and oschad are tired of heavy agricultural saws then the compact and powerful strong saw from will unpack the tv just for you now you can easily

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turn on the match on september 9 at 19:00 cheer for the main team of the country on megogo i congratulate you this freedom life on radio svoboda we have already come to the very change the following frames may shock you news from the scene live kamikaze drone attacks political analysis objectively and meaningfully there is no political season exclusive interviews reports from the hottest points of the front freedom life frankly and impartially conclusions do it yourself. congratulations, this is an exclusive interview on the express. my name is yuriy fizar, and my guest today is the plenipotentiary and

extraordinary ambassador of the united states of america in russia in 2011-2014, as well as the director of the freeman institute, school of international studies, stanford university, michael mcfaul, we will talk with him about many things, but mainly, all the same , about russia, about the war that russia started last year and has been waging for more than a year and a half , about our victory. congratulations you mr. mcfall and thank you for joining thank you for the invitation we will talk mainly about russia and its brutal war that putin started in february 2022 and also about our victory not only

about that well uh uh uh uh the world so mafia iii in in 2001, you wrote an interesting book that i bought and read, the book is called the unfinished revolution in russia, political changes from gorbachev to putin, changes took place, but why was there no revolution? ten or even 15 years, if we count the gorbachev period of political transformations in the soviet union and then in russia, and something was achieved then, or so we thought, first of all , the collapse of the soviet empire and 15 countries took place including ukraine and the russian federation gained their independence and compared to other empire collapses it was relatively peaceful at least until last year secondly

they transitioned from a predominantly command-administrative economy to a market economy but in this book i wrote that the transition from dictatorship to democracy took place but he was ambiguous and it is a little disturbing that in this book , where i consider various elements, i said that democracy in russia was not consolidated and it is tragic that now two decades later we see that putin took advantage of these weak democratic institutions, he destroyed them today, i witnessed the return of the russian dictatorship. i think that this was known in advance or that it would have happened if, for example , boris kuntsov became the next president of russia , because there were plans to anoint him as boris yetsin's successor, tradition could have gone the other way , but in retrospect there is no doubt that these

institutions were too weak too fragile in 2000 when putin came to power it allowed him georgiy to actually destroy okay calm talking about putin you are enough do you know him well? is putin different in 2000 from putin today? this is a great question. my answer is yes and no . he was anti-democratic in 2000, but he was not like that from the beginning . i wrote my first article about putin in 2000, warning the world about him. anti-democratic actions he has always been an imperialist he mourned the collapse of the soviet union he is from the kgb and spent his whole life defending the soviet empire but 20 years ago he was much more pro

-market and pro-western about market reforms he lowered the individual income tax and moved russia to a flat tax of 13 % he lowered corporate taxes and favored private property not so much he restored strict state control over the economy especially after the second invasion of your country he was once open to interaction with the west he even talked about russia joining nato. by the way, it should be remembered that today he says that you are not nato in everything and he was forced to invade ukraine due to the expansion of the north atlantic alliance, but 20 years ago he was not afraid of nato, he wanted to join the alliance and even said about ukraine in 2002 that if

ukraine wants to join nato, that is their business, not ours, but in these two aspects he has significantly changed his thinking and the latter has become a much more nationalistic patriot who allegedly professes conservative orthodox religious values i wouldn't call it conservatism but it's something that wasn't there 25 years ago he changed i think one of the main drivers was that he became more authoritarian to fear his people and therefore he needed an external enemy to to justify his authoritarianism with anti-western anti-ukrainian, secondly, he is afraid not of nato expansion, but of democratic expansion in 2000, georgia in 2003, most importantly

, the orange revolution in your country, it was a threat to his authoritarian way of ruling, and of course then the revolution of dignity became an even greater threat, but not to russian security and here i want to make it clear that in 1941, from the time when hitler invaded the soviet union, there was no military threat from the west against russia and business in forever in democracy threatened putin's rule inside russia in its people that russians need a strong state russians do not need western ways of governing because they are different i remember how in 2011 i was at a meeting with him but then

vice president biden and he talked for a long, long time about that that russia is not part of europe is not part of the defense, he says that ukrainians are not a separate nation, that you are just russians with an emphasis that ukraine has become an independent state, this is another one of his very strange arguments if ukrainians practice democracy, the slavic peoples can do it, but what threatens the management of your country in the first place, and also of my country, the enemy from outside in order to legitimize his dictatorship at home, and he found this enemy, unfortunately uafeng, you are

often called the architect of president obama's reboot policy with regard to russia, it was 10-15 years ago, did you really think that relations with the kremlin could be changed at that time, i will digress, i think there is a lot of misunderstanding of what we were trying to do then, in 2009, we were sitting in the white house and determined our national security interests and the highest priority, one of such priorities was the need to cooperate with the kremlin, then president medvedev, and by the way, in 2009, he was radically different from the crazy medvedev he became today, it is very important to understand that he was completely different, well, i will give a few

examples. in 2009, the treaty on the elimination of medium- and short-range missiles expired and president obama decided that the missile defense system was in the national interests of the united states. and that without the russians, it is impossible to negotiate arms control, that is why he said that we need to enter into negotiations, so he signed a new treaty on sno-3 nuclear weapons in 2010 , reducing the world's nuclear weapons by 30% , secondly, he decided that you should stop iran from complying nuclear weapons and for this he wanted to introduce multilateral sanctions against iran, it can be argued that it was the right decision, but not the bank wanted to impose multilateral sanctions for this russia should have voted with us that

they did. by the way, at the meeting of the un security council in 2010 for the third time, we decided to lead our troops to afghanistan in an effort to defeat terrorism. there we also intended to fight terrorism outside the borders of afghanistan, including in pakistan, 95% of our supplies went through pakistan so president obama had the idea that we needed to diversify our supply routes to afghanistan. and that meant going through russia , through the so-called northern distribution network. we had to negotiate with the russians, and by the way, we violated sovereignty. pakistan in 2011 and killed bin laden himself, we could do it only thanks to diversification. i think many people misunderstand our desire to have good

relations with russia, although maybe others believed. i don't even believe that our allies believed in it, like me. should choose music for the mood or a positive attitude towards the country as their goal the goal should be specific tasks that promote national interests in the case of my country the interests of the united states of america so for a while we did this is how it ended, of course, for two reasons: firstly, putin returned and he was not interested in cooperating with us, and secondly , mass demonstrations against the putin regime took place in 11 and 12 years, and putin accused us and me personally of these demonstrations, cooperation with other issues, such as iran or north korea or even syria , which were fixed in 12-13 years , it turned out to be impossible with putin, who was in the kremlin , who when here to beat the russian beams, it is not necessary, because you know them very well

, since you lived in moscow for 4 years, why according to some estimates 85-90% of russians support putin is it because they are afraid of him or maybe they are fascinated by his imperialist ideas or maybe they just don't care why the option is difficult to answer your question because it is difficult to understand what people in authoritarian countries really think it is possible to remember that you can't do a real poll in a country like russia or any dictatorship because people are afraid to say what they really believe they have no incentive to say what's on their

mind and secondly i got the impression that putin his terrible barbaric invasion of your country enjoys considerable support. to be honest, i am not surprised, but deeply disappointed. this is not just putin's war in ukraine - it is the russians' war in ukraine. he does not kidnap your children, he does not rape your daughters and mothers, it is done by individual russians . i think it is very important to understand that it is the russians who commit these crimes against humanity, and not only vladimir putin. regarding your other question, it is definitely true that propaganda and the repression works well, so there were some slave russians who protested at the beginning , now some of them are serving 25-year

prison terms, for example, volodya kamurza , whom i know well, ilya yashin, they criticized the war and are now in prison, and this scares other russians from protests of the idea, when i live in russia in the 90s, i would never have thought that they are capable of reviving stalinism, this is the result of 20 years of propaganda by putin, this is not deeply disappointing, but there is another segment of russian society that simply lowered his head, they do not support the war, but they are not against them, they do not just try to stay away, and these people instantly change their opinion if they change

the condition. if putin says to end the war, this is interesting, he said in an interview with a ukrainian channel . unfortunately, russians are getting used to war. the war and y they are used to supporting her and putin present putting of course we will win in a while putin will lose but those russians who are used to war will remain what do you think, can this become a problem for both ukraine and the western allies yes i think it's a big problem and that's why i think the western world the democratic world should do a lot more

to make them pay the price for supporting this war i 'm working with andriy yermak from the office of the president on the international sanctions task force dentition that the western democratic world should increase sanctions to people felt the war more directly, in particular, it is about the fact that too many components from the west are involved in the production of weapons in russia, and this must stop. too many russians who have not been sanctioned work for companies and political parties that support the war therefore sanctions need to be expanded. it is too comfortable for russians to travel to supposedly hostile countries. this is the world. stop the 360 ​​billion dollars that were frozen in the russian central bank and need to be transferred for the reconstruction of ukraine

. so that the russians feel the consequences of the war that they support. so how do i feel about it? the first step then in the long term the defeat of putin's army in your country must happen it is necessary for the people to finally reject their imperial ambitions 1991 year they failed to do this there is a big difference between germany and 44 and russia in 1991 then boris yeltsin tried to put the communist party on trial but there was not enough support so they never had remorse they never had an awareness of the evil which nose soviet imperialism unfortunately, until putin loses this war in the middle of russia